The document provides an overview of IPv6 including: - Why IPv6 was created due to IPv4 address exhaustion and other limitations - Key aspects of the IPv6 protocol such as larger 128-bit addresses, simplified fixed-length header, and extension headers - Main IPv6 address types including global unicast, link-local, unique local, and multicast addresses - Protocols that support IPv6 including Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), ICMPv6, and DHCPv6 - Methods for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 including dual stack and tunneling technologies.

1. IPv6
-Parthiban N
Quick Start Guide

2. Contents:
 IPv6
 IPv4
 IPv6
 SIP stack/VoIP

3. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

4. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

5. Why IPv6?
 4 (32bit)byte vs 16 (128bits)byte
 Why?
 Extended address space
 Stateless auto configuration
 No NAT
 No Broadcast
 No Fragmentation
 Dual support ( Dual stack & Tunneling)
fc00:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0002
172.19.59.33

6. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

7. TCP/IP

8. Connection

9. IP Frame

10. IPv4 Datagram

11. Header + Data

12. IPv4 header

13. IPv4 ToS/DSCP

14. Codepoint
Precedence
interpretation
0 0 0xxx 0
0
1
xx
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
1
Differential service
interpretation
x

15. Clear?

17. Fragmentation
 De(En)capsulate frames
 Host & Router
 Data portion in the datagram
 MTU

18. MTU
IP datagram
Frame
Header TrailerMTU
Maximum length of data that can be encapsulated in a frame

19. Fragmentation & MTU
host
host
router
router
MTU = 4000
MTU = 1500
MTU
=
2000

20. MTU sizes

21. Flag?

22. 000
4020
14,567
Bytes 0000–3999
Original datagram
0
175
1420
14,567
Bytes 1400–2799
Fragment 2
1
350
1220
14,567
Bytes 2800–3999
Fragment 3
0
175
820
14,567
Bytes 1400–2199
Fragment 2.1
1
Fragment 1
000
1420
14,567
Bytes 0000–1399
1
Example

23. Header + Payload

24. IPv6 header

25. Header
 Version (IPv4:0100 & IPv6: 0110)
 ToS = Traffic Class (6 bits for DSCP)
 Flow Label (20bits):
 Identifies flow
 Router to treat in same fashion
 No processing overhead in routers
 Real-time? (VoIP, Video Streaming etc.,)

26. Header contd.,
 Payload length: Fixed 40bytes header –
Length of entire packet
 HOP = TTL ?
 Next header – Shown next 

27. Extension header
 Identify data portion of the packet
 Presence of extension header

28. Next header

29. Next header

31. Extension header

32. Ext headers

33. Order is important

34. Host + Extension header
 What if host doen’t understand extension
header like us? 
 ICMPv6 – Parameter problem

35. Extension header options

36. Worth to move?
 Fixed length header
 IPv4: 20 (Min) – 60 bytes
 IPv6: 40 bytes (Fast processing & No HLEN)
 No header checksum
 No fragmentation in routers

37. PMTU
 DF bit in IPv4 header
 ICMPv4 Fragmentation Needed (Type 3 code 4)
 No DF in IPv6
 Hosts TCP/IP fragments itself – 1280 Octets
 ICMPv6 – Packet too Big (Type 2)

38. IPv4 vs IPv6 header
 Version
 Source/Destination Address
 ToS/Traffic Class
 Total/Payload Length
 TTL/HOP
 Protocol/Next header

39. Removed fields
 No HLEN – Fixed header length
 Do we need fragmentation bits?
 Header checksum
 Checksum @L2
 Checksum @TCP & @UDP
 Options – Extension headers

40. Show headers?

41. Comparison
IPv4 Address IPv6 Address
Address Length – 32 bits 128 bits
Address Representation - decimal hexadecimal
Internet address classes Not applicable in IPv6
Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4) IPv6 multicast addresses (FF00::/8)
Broadcast addresses Not applicable in IPv6
Unspecified address is 0.0.0.0 Unspecified address is ::
Loopback address is 127.0.0.1 Loopback address is ::1
Public IP addresses Global unicast addresses
Private IP addresses (10.0.0.0/8,
172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16)
Site-local addresses (FEC0::/10)
Autoconfigured addresses (169.254.0.0/16) Link-local addresses (FE80::/64)

42. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

43. Basic types
unicast broadcast multicast

44. IPv4 addressing

45. IPv4 Classes

46. IPv4 Ranges

47. IPv6 Addressing
 Hex numbering system
 Rules
 Omission of leading 0s
 Omission of all-0s hextets

48. IPv6 Format

49. Rule: Omission

50. Rules

51. Prefix & Interface ID

52. Brief Address types
 Unicast
 Global Unicast
 Unique local unicast
 Link-Local unicast
 Unspecified address
 Loopback address
 Anycast
 Multicast

53. Global unicast structure

54. 3.14 (pi)

55. Simple topology

56. Subnetting IPv4
 Subnet: IP & Subnet Mask
 172.19.59.33 & 255.255.255.224 = 172.19.59.32
 Range calculation: 172.19.59.33/27
 32-27=5; 2^5 = 32
 Broadcast address: Subnet + (Total IP – 1)
 172.19.59.32+31 = 172.19.59.63
 Gateway: Broadcast – 1 or Subnet + 1
 172.19.59.63 -1 = 172.19.59.62
 172.19.59.32 +1 = 172.19.59.33

57. Subnetting IPv6

58. Subnetting IPv6 Contd.,

59. Extended subnet ID

60. Extended subnet IP

61. Extending with nibble

62. Extending within nibble (Expert?)

63. Why do I extend subnet?
 IPv6 NDP Table Exhaustion attach
 NDP Table Exhaustion Attack
 DoS attack
 Refer
01HW264569SharedTrainingPresentationsPa

64. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

65. IPv6 Address types

66. Global Unicast address

67. Global Address range

68. Global routing prefix sizes

69. Regional Internet registry

70. Configuring Global address

71. Global Manual: Static configuration
 Similar to IPv4 Static IP
 Applicable to all device interface (Router,
Hosts)
 Commands
 ifconfig or ip (Hosts)
 ipv6 interface (Switches or Router)

72. Snapshot

73. Global Manual: Modified EUI-64

75. Global Manual: Unnumbered IPv6
 Configuring IP of another interface
 Not compatible with Alcatel Switch
 Further info?

76. Global dynamic
 Global dynamic can be done using
 SLAAC
 DHCPv6
 SLAAC IP address states
 Tentative
 Preferred
 Deprecated
 Valid
 Invalid

77. SLAAC address states

78. Global dynamic: SLAAC
 Involves following ICMPv6 message
 Router Solicitation
 Router Advertisement
 Neighbor solicitation
 Neighbor advertisement

79. Global dynamic: SLAAC

80. Where are we?

81. Global dynamic: DHCPv6
 DHCPv6
 Stateless DHCPv6
 Stateful DHCPv6

83. Where are we?

84. Link-Local Unicast

85. Link-Local Range

86. Link-Local configuration types
 Dynamic Link-Local: EUI-64
 Randomly generated
 Static Link-Local

87. Link-Local & DAD

88. Link-Local Default Gateway

89. Link Local address, when?
 Configured when
 IPv6 Interface enabled
 System Initialization
 Manual enabling
 Interface restart

90. Loopback address

91. Loopback contd.,
 127.0.0.0/8
 ::1/128
 Internal visibility

92. Unspecified address

93. Unspecified address contd.,
 Can’t be assigned for phy interface
 Indicates the absence of address – Src
address
 Used in DAD – Src address

94. Unique local address

95. Unique local range

96. Remember?
 fc00:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0002
 Private network
 Similar to Class B and C
 192.x.x.x
 172.x.x.x

97. IPv4 Embedded address
 Helps in transition 4 to 6
 Occupies low order 32bits
 Types
 IPv4-compatible IPv6 address
 IPv4-mapped IPv6 address

98. IPv4-Compatible IPv6

99. Representation

100. IPv4-Mapped IPv6

101. Representation

102. Where are we?

103. Multicast address representation

104. Multicast address

105. Scope

107. Solicited-Node Multicast
 Will be explored in NDP
 Used for,
 Address resolution
 Duplicate Address Detection

108. Solicited-Node Multicast

109. Representation

110. Solicited-Node Multicast
address

111. Example addresses

112. Anycast address

113. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

114. ICMPv6
 Similar to ICMP for v4
 Error message (Code: 0-127)
 Information message (Code: 128-255)
 Multicast Listener Discovery
 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

115. ICMPv6 Next header

116. ICMPv6 Format

119. Multicast listener discovery
 IGMP in IPv4
 Multicast listener query
 General query
 Multicast-Address-Specific query
 Multicast listener report
 Multicast listener done

120. MLD General query & Listener report

121. MLD listener report & Done

122. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

123. Neighbor Discovery Protocol
 Heart of IPv6 TCP/IP stack
 Used for,
 SLAAC
 DAD
 Address resolution
 NUD

124. NDP messages
 Router Solicitation
 Router Advertisement
 Neighbor Solicitation
 Neibhbor Advertisement
 Redirect message

125. Router Solicitation

126. RS Fields
 IPv6 header
 Source: FE80::/10
 Destination: FF02::2
 Hop – 255

127. Router Advertisement

128. RA Fields
 IPv6 header
 Source: Router’s Link-Local
 Destination: FF02::1
 ICMPv6 Fields
 M – Managed Address Configuration Flag
 O – Other Configuration Flag

129. SLAAC brief look

130. RA lifetime

131. Neighbor Solicitation & Advertisement
 Used for,
 Address resolution
 Duplicate Address Detection – DAD
 Neighbor Unreachability Detection - NUD

132. Neighbor Solicitation

133. NS Fields
 IPv6 Header
 Source: Existing IP or :: for DAD
 Destination: Solicited node multicast or target
address itself

134. Neighbor Advertisement

135. NA Fields
 IPv6 Header
 Source: Address assigned to sending device
 Dest: :: - FF02::1 or source address NS
 ICMPv6 Fields
 R – Router Flag (1 – Router for NUD)
 S – Solicited Flag
 O – Override Flag

136. Neighbor cache (Get confused )

138. Solicited Node multicast

141. Redirect message

142. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

143. DHCPv4

144. DHCPv6 terms
 DHCP client
 DHCP server
 DHCP relay agent
 DUID (DHCP Unique Identifier)
 IA (Identity Association)
 IAID (Identity Association Identifier)

145. DHCPv6 Address & Ports
 FF02::1:2 (All DHCP relay agents/servers)
 FF05::1:3 (All DHCP servers)
 UDP Client port : 546 (67)
 UDP server port: 547 (68)

148. Rapid commit

150. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

151. IPv4 stack

152. IPv6 Stack

153. Dual stack app

154. IPv6 URL

155. IPv6
 Why IPv6?
 IPv6 Protocol
 IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Address types
 ICMPv6
 NDP
 DHCP (v4 & v6)
 Dual stack
 Tunneling

156. Tunneling