IPLOOK STP product information

IPLOOK STP PRODUCT INFORMATION
Version: V 1.3
Issue data: 2018-03-13
IPLOOK Networks

STP Product Information
IPLOOK Networks
The information in this document is proprietary to IPLOOK Co, Limited. The information shall not be used,
copied, reproduced or disclosed in whole or part without the written consent of IPLOOK Office of Technology
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Versions
Versions Alteration of contents Director
V 1.3 Functions Frank

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Contents
Contents...............................................................................................................................................2
1 Description......................................................................................................................................3
2 Functions.......................................................................................................................................... 4

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1 Description
Despite the evolution of mobile markets and services, from older generations
(2G and 3G) to 4G and 5G, the need for SS7 STPs will continue for decades.
IPLOOK’ Diameter Signaling Controller solutions can be configured to provide
essential STP functionality for core, edge and interconnect deployments.

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2 Functions
1 A Interface to BSC
 Descriptions
The GSM A interface is the interface between the Base Station Subsystem
(BSS) and the Mobile Switching Center (MSC). The MSC A interface handles the
basic connectionless and connection oriented layer 2 protocol.
 Principle Benefits
The interface has been designed to follow as closely as possible GSM
reference models.
 Reference
GSM 04.07 Mobile radio interface signaling layer 3
GSM 04.08 Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification
GSM 08.08 Mobile Switching Centre to Base Station System interface layer 3
specification
2 SS7 Networks
 Descriptions
Signaling System Number 7 (SS7) is a sophisticated, integrated signaling
protocol designed to increase the efficiency of telephone service delivery. It has
become the central nervous system for the delivery of wireline and wireless, and
more recently IP services, the latest step in the convergence of communication
networks. All networks need signaling to create connections, activate service, and
deliver traffic.
LITECORE MSC supports SS7 basic functions such as MTP, SCCP, TCAP,
ISUP, GSM MAP, CAP, BSSAP and RANAP. To offer the best foundation for
future applications and deployments, LITECORE R9 is focused on SS7 over IP
by supporting IETF SIGTRAN protocols including M2UA and SCTP.
Faster call set up

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More efficient use of network resources
A tested and reliable signaling protocol with global acceptance
Support for network convergence
Support for large, high-density, high-reliability systems
Scalable architecture
More cost-effective than Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) and Channel
Associated Signaling (CAS)
Support RANAP for 3G
 Reference
ITU-T Q.704 Signaling network functions and messages
ITU-T Q.705 Signaling network structure
3 ISUP
 Descriptions
ISDN User Part (ISUP) is the call control part of the SS7 protocol which
provides the signaling functions required to support basic bearer services and
supplementary services for voice and non-voice applications in an SS7 network.
The ISUP determines the procedures for setting up, coordinating, and taking
down trunk calls on the SS7 network. This feature provides a standard PSTN
and/or PLMN interconnection with ISUP over a media gateway transport.
ISUP is a standard SS7 based PSTN protocol widely used in the
international markets. The ISUP protocol support on LITECORE MSC allows us
to interconnect with the PSTN switch over this standard interface. The key
benefits of ISUP can be summarized as follows:
ISUP is very efficient compared with R2/R1 type of in-band signaling
protocols. It greatly shortens setup/connection time for calls, and it allows
sophisticated signaling options and end user services.
ISUP allows tighter integration with various existing MAP/SS7 signaling
over E1 interface which is not easily done with other protocols (in which case
more than one E1 trunk may be required compared with one E1 using ISUP).

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A generic ISUP is the basis for any country variant which may be required in any
specific ISUP deployment. The LITECORE MSC currently supports ITU-T ISUP,
ETSI ISUP, and ANSI ISUP.
 Reference
ITU-T Q.761 Functional description of the ISDN user part of Signaling System
No. 7
ITU-T Q.762 General function of messages and signals of ISDN User Part of
Signaling System No.7
ITU-T Q.763 Formats and codes of the ISDN User Part of Signaling System No.
7
ITU-T Q.764 ISDN user part signaling procedures
ETSI EN 300 356-1 ISDN User Part (ISUP): Basic Services
ETSI EN 300 356-2 ISDN User Part (ISUP): ISDN supplementary services
ND1007:2006/4 ISDN User Part
4 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
 Descriptions
The drive to exploit the values of the Internet protocol (IP) suite in the
traditional telecom network spawned the creation of the SIGTRAN workgroup
within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF is the body
responsible for developing the open specifications that define the Internet suite of
applications and protocols. SIGTRAN found its IETF home in the Transport Area
sub-working group. The creators of specification realized and accepted the unique
needs of telephony signaling and understood that a new protocol was required to
meet the demands of determinism, reliability and timeliness that were a key
characteristic of the SS7 signaling network.
LITECORE SCTP is a Linux based streams implementation, existing within
the operating system kernel. Because it is within the OS, it does not suffer from
context switching overhead that occurs with software executing in the user space.
This provides high capacity throughput and robust implementation.
LITECOREportability ensures that applications can easily be migrated across
operating environments within the LITECORE family.

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Delivery of data chunks within independent streams
Support of multiple IP addresses
Path selection and continuity monitoring
Flood attack prevention
Multi-homed endpoint support
Reliable, connection oriented
Message unit based
User data message delivery within independent streams
Security mechanisms
 Reference
RFC 2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
RFC 3286 Introduction to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
5 MTP 2 User Adaptation (M2UA)
 Descriptions
The SIGTRAN Working Group of the IETF has specified the MTP2 User
Adaptation Layer as its standard protocol to enable remote termination of SS7
links via an SCTP association. The M2UA protocol is the layer between SCTP
and MTP3 that separates the physical SS7 termination from the actual signaling
point within the network. M2UA serves several purposes. The first purpose is to
provide a mechanism for the transport of SS7 MTP2 user signaling (e.g., MTP3
messages) over IP using SCTP. The second purpose is to allow remote placement
of SS7 link terminations and back haul SS7 traffic to a centralized point in the
network.
With M2UA several signaling points can be consolidated into a centralized
network element. In turn, one can then co-locate points of SS7 presence closer to
the element to which they need to connect. This results in a substantial cost
savings in terms of backhauling SS7 dedicated circuits. M2UA deployments
consist of 2 entities, the client and the server. The server provides physical SS7
termination and communicates with the client over an SCTP association using IP.
The client houses the MTP3 and thus is the point code addressable element
within the SS7 network. It is also appropriate for consolidating point code usage
and simplifying SS7 network provisioning overhead.

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M2UA allows LITECORE to optimize the network topology and use IP to
transport SS7 messages instead of traditional 64K-based links. All remaining
elements from the classic SS7 network remain the same. From the outside, the
fact that signaling is carried over IP is not detectable.
Remotely locates SS7 terminations from point of interconnection
Enables network architecture with minimal point codes
Reduces SS7 transport, overhead, collocation and maintenance costs
Separates and centralizes service signaling components from transport
Reduces network routing complexity
Deploys remote points of presence in interconnecting networks
Easily expands network reach
Increases operational flexibility and scalability
 Reference
RFC 3331 SS7 MTP2 User Adaptation Layer
6 MTP 3 User Adaptation (M3UA)
 Descriptions
M3UA supports the transport of any SS7 MTP3-User signaling (such as
ISUP and SCCP messages) over IP, using the services of the Stream Control
Transmission Protocol (SCTP). The protocol is used for communication between
a Signaling Gateway (SG) and a Media Gateway Controller (MGC) or IP-resident
database. It is assumed that the SG receives SS7 signaling over a standard SS7
interface using the SS7 Message Transfer Part (MTP) to provide transport.
Replaces physical SS7 links with virtual IP transport associations
Maintain deterministic real time qualities demanded in signaling applications
Eliminates SS7 bandwidth limitations incurred by 64Kbps restrictions
Eliminates traditional SS7 provisioning complexity

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Deploy existing SS7 call setup & value added service with minimal legacy
overhead
Deployable in point-to-point or gateway intermediary configuration
 Reference
RFC 3332 SS7 MTP2 User Adaptation Layer
7 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
 Descriptions
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control protocol
that can establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions with one or more
participants. These sessions include Internet telephone calls, multimedia
distribution, and multimedia conferences.
SIP invitations used to create sessions carry session descriptions that allow
participants to agree on a set of compatible media types. SIP makes use of
elements called proxy servers to help route requests to the user's current location,
authenticate and authorize users for services, implement provider call-routing
policies, and provide features to users. SIP also provides a registration function
that allows users to upload their current locations for use by proxy servers. SIP
runs on top of several different IP transport protocols including UDP, SCTP, and
TCP.
LITECORE MSC adds SIP User Agent (UA) functionality into R9.1.5
system to support the following applications:
 IP lawful interception
 Three-way calling
The main advantages of SIP are its extensibility and flexibility for adding
new features.
The SIP client-server and header format design is based on proven Internet
standards such as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (used on commercial web servers)
and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (used for internet email services). The client-
server design means that each SIP request will result in a well-defined set of SIP
responses. This modular design makes it easy to extend SIP to support new
operations by simply adding a new request (or SIP Method) and its corresponding

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response message. Because SIP is text-based, it is easy to parse the various SIP
commands.
 Reference
RFC 3261 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
8 Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) Protocol
 Descriptions
The Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) protocol is used
in UMTS signaling between the Core Network, which can be a MSC or SGSN,
and the UTRAN. RANAP is carried over Iu-interface.
RANAP signaling protocol resides in the control plane of Radio network
layer of Iu interface in the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)
protocol stack. The Iu interface is the interface between RNC (Radio Network
Controller) and CN (Core Network).
The LITECORE 3G RANAP protocol has the following functions:
 Relocating serving RNC.
 Overall RAB management.
 Queuing the setup of RAB.
 Requesting RAB release.
 Release of all Iu connection resources.
 Requesting the release of all Iu connection resources.
 SRNS context forwarding function.
 Controlling overload in the Iu interface.
 Resetting the Iu.
 Sending the UE Common ID (permanent NAS UE identity) to the
RNC.
 Paging the user.
 Controlling the tracing of the UE activity.
 Transport of NAS information between UE and CN.
 Controlling the security mode in the UTRAN.

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 Controlling location reporting.
 Location reporting.
 Data volume reporting function.
 Reporting general error situations.
 Location related data
It enables LITECORE 3G core network to support Iu-CS related services.
 Reference
3GPP 25.413 V4.12.0 Release 4: UTRAN Iu interface Radio Access Network
Application Part (RANAP) signaling
9 Iu Interface
 Descriptions
This interface connects the core network and the UMTS Radio Access
Network (URAN). The Iu can have two different physical instances: Iu-CS and
Iu-PS. The Iu-CS connects the radio access network to a circuit-switched core
network, that is, to an MSC. The Iu-PS connects the access network to a packet-
switched core network, which in practice means a connection to an SGSN.
The Iu-CS interface locates between MGW and RNC to establish the voice
channel and transport the Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP)
signaling message. In CS voice user plane, Iu Interface User Plane Protocol (Iu-
UP) stands on the top layer.
The Iu-PS is the interface between the RNC and the Packet Switched Core
Network. The interface carries user traffic as well as control information.
It enables LITECORE 3G core network to support Iu-CS related
services.
 Reference
3GPP TS 25.414 version 10.1.0 Release 10: UTRAN Iu interface data
transport and transport signaling

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10 Iu User Plane (Iu-UP) Protocol
 Descriptions
The Iu UP (Iu User Plane) protocol is located in the user plane of the Radio
Network layer over the Iu interface; the Iu UP protocol layer. Standard Iu UP
interfaces with RTP/GTP-u/AAL2 layers at its lower interface and interfaces with
a customer provided application at the upper interface. Iu-UP is used to convey
user data associated to Radio Access Bearers. The first release of the Iu UP 2.0
will only support the RTP lower layer.
The Iu UP protocol can operate in two modes:
 Transparent mode;
 Support mode.
The particular mode is decided by the CN when this protocol task is created.
It cannot be modified later unless the associated radio access bearer is modified at
the same time.
The transparent mode is, as the name indicates, transparent. In this mode the
only function of this task is to transfer user data across the Iu interface. No
special Iu UP frames will be generated for this transfer, but lower layer PDUs can
be used instead.
LITECORE MSC adds Iu UP protocol into R9.2 system to support the following
functions:
 Transfer of user data;
 Initialization;
 Rate control;
 Time alignment;
 Handling of error events;
 Frame-quality classification.
It enables LITECORE 3G core network to support 3G voice service and make
3G-2G users can communication.
 Reference

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3GPP TS 25.415 V10.1.0 Release 10: UTRAN Iu interface user plane protocols
11 Media Gateway Control Protocol (Megaco)
 Descriptions
Megaco (officially H.248) is a gateway control protocol and an
implementation of the Media Gateway Control Protocol architecture for
controlling media gateways in Internet Protocol (IP) networks and the Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). It is for the control of elements of a
physically decomposed multimedia gateway, which enables separation of call
control from media conversion. Though H.248 performs the same functions
as MGCP, it uses different commands and processes and supports a broader range
of networks.
H.248 protocol module provides an API interface for the user to add, modify
or subtract terminations, to request report event or play signal, and so on. H.248
protocol module uses the IPTRANS API interface to send or receive H.248 PDU
over UDP/IP. It will also support H.248 PDU over SCTP/IP in phase II.
It enables LITECORE 3G system to control 3G media gateway.
 Reference
RFC 3525: Gateway Control Protocol
ITU H.248: Gateway Control Protocol

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