Objective C is the primary programming language for developing software for Apple's OS X and iOS operating systems. Xcode is Apple's integrated development environment that contains the tools needed for iOS development, including the iOS SDK. Cocoa Touch is the main UI framework for building iOS apps using a model-view-controller architecture. It provides features like core animation, gesture recognizers, and supports iOS's layered architecture with Cocoa Touch at the highest level. Instruments can be used for debugging, testing performance, and monitoring memory usage of iOS apps.