ntroduction to Mobile Operating System.pptx

1. Mobile Operating System

3.  An Operating System which control
mobile devices is called as mobile OS.
 They are simple and deal with wireless
version of broadband and local
connectivity.
 The mobile operating system is the
software platform on top of which other
programs, called application programs,
can run on mobile devices.

4. Features of Mobile Operating
System
 The ability to connect to the internet via the Smartphone's built-in
modem and a wireless service provider such as Verizon.
 Many mobile OSes offer a native web browser application,
application stores,
 Several mobile operating systems also have native GPS (global
positioning system) applications.
 Other common features include native email applications, calendar
application that users can keep track of tasks, meetings and events,
contacts library.
 It can send and receive sms / mms facilities.
 It has call making and receiving facilities.
 It has call recording, video, audio recording facilities.

5. Types of mobile operating
systems
• There are numerous mobile device operating
systems available today, and two of the most
widely adopted are the iPhone's OS, Apple iOS,
and Google's open source OS, Google Android.
• There are other mobile operating systems
available, but their adoption rates are well below
those of iOS and Android. These other operating
systems include KaiOS, Sailfish OS and Huawei's
Harmony OS.

7. Architecture of Android Operating
System
 Android operating system is a stack of software components
which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as
shown below in the architecture diagram.

8.  Linux kernel
◦ This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and
it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad,
display etc.
◦ Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at
such as networking and a vast array of device drivers
 Libraries

9.  Android Runtime
◦ This section provides a key component called Dalvik
Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine
specially designed and optimized for Android.
◦ The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like
memory management and multi-threading, which is
intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables
every Android application to run in its own process, with
its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.
◦ The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries
which enable Android application developers to write
Android applications using standard Java programming
language.

10.  Application Framework
◦ The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level
services to applications in the form of Java classes.
Application developers are allowed to make use of these
services in their applications.
◦ The Android framework includes the following key services −
Activity Manager, Content Providers, Notifications Manager ,
Resource Manager
 Applications
◦ You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You
will write your application to be installed on this layer only.
◦ Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser,
Games, Calender, Clock, Email ,Calculator etc.

13. iOS Mobile Operating System
 iOS is a mobile operating system developed and
distributed by Apple Inc.
 iOS is derived from OS X, with which it shares the
Darwin foundation.
 The iOS architecture is layered. It contains an
intermediate layer between the applications and
the hardware so they do not communicate directly.
 The lower layers in iOS provide the basic services
 The higher layers provide the user interface and
sophisticated graphics.

14. The layered architecture of iOS is
given as follows −

15. Layers in iOS Architecture-
 Core OS
◦ The technologies include Core Bluetooth Framework,
External Accessory Framework, Accelerate Framework,
Security Services Framework, Local Authorization
Framework etc.
 Core Services-
◦ It is fundamental interface for iOS for accessing files,
network etc.
◦ Cloudkit Framework- The data can be moved between
the app and the iCloud using the Cloudkit Framework.
◦ Core Foundation Framework- This provides the data
management and service features for the iOS apps.
◦ Core Data Framework- The data model of the model
view controller app is handled using the Core Data
Framework.
◦ Address Book Framework- The address book

16. ◦ Core Motion Framework- All the motion based data on the
device is accessed using core motion framework.
◦ Healthkit Framework- The health related information of the
user can be handled by this new framework.
◦ Core Location Framework- This framework provides the
location and heading information to the various apps.
 Media- The different frameworks are:
◦ UIKit Graphics- This provides support for designing images
and animating the view content.
◦ Core Graphics Framework- This provides support for 2-D
vector and image based rendering and is the native drawing
engine for iOS apps.
◦ Core Animation- The Core Animation technology optimizes
the animation experience of the apps.
◦ Media Player Framework- This framework provides support
for playing playlists and enables the user to use their iTunes
library.
◦ AV Kit- This provides various easy to use interfaces for video
presentation.
◦ These frameworks are based on C and Objective C

17. Advantages and Disadvantages of
iOS
 Advantages-
◦ Excellent UI and fluid responsive
◦ Developers can design apps because less number of models
◦ Metal and shiny coating are ultimate for Apple devices
◦ Jailbreaking for customization
◦ Generates less heat when compared to Android
◦ Excellent for media entertainment
◦ Suits for business and gaming
 Disadvantages-
◦ It has a review process, when developers want to publish an app
they need to send it to Apple for review that takes around 7 days
and it takes even more in some cases.
◦ Applications are very large when compared to other mobile
platforms
◦ Costly Apps and no widget support
◦ Battery performance is very poor on 3G
◦ Repair costs are very piracy
◦ Not flexible only supports iOS devices

18.  Cocoa Touch- The cocoa touch layer provides the
following frameworks −
◦ EventKit Framework- This shows the standard system
interfaces using view controllers for viewing and changing
calendar related events.
◦ GameKit Framework- This provides support for users to
share their game related data online using Game center.
◦ MapKit Framework- This provides a scrollable map which
can be included into the app user interface.

19. Command line interface (CLI)
 A command line interface (CLI) is a text-
based user interface (UI) used to view
and manage computer files.
 Command line interfaces are also called
command-line
◦ user interfaces,
◦ console user interfaces
◦ character user interfaces.

20. Features of Command Line Interface
 Before the mouse, users interacted with an operating
system (OS) or application with a keyboard.
 Users typed commands in the command line interface to
run tasks on a computer.
 The user responds to a prompt in the command line
interface by typing a command.
 The output or response from the system can include a
message, table, list, or some other confirmation of a
system or application action.
 Most current Unix-based systems offer both a command
line interface and a graphical user interface.

21. The Advantages and
Disadvantages of Command Line
Interface
 Advantages -
◦ Faster management of a large number of operating
systems.
◦ Ability to store scripts to automate regular tasks.
◦ Basic command line interface knowledge to help with
troubleshooting, such as network connection issues.
 Disadvantages-
◦ GUI is more user-friendly;
◦ Steeper learning curve associated with memorizing
commands and complex syntax/arguments.

22. Examples of Command Line
Operating System
MS-DOS Unix

23. MS-DOS
 MS-DOS is an operating system created for personal
computers.
 MS-DOS operating system is split into various layers
and each of the layers have different functionalities.

24.  Application Program
These programs perform a particular function directly for
the users. In other words, these programs provide an
application to the end users, so they are known as
application programs.
 System Program
The system programs are used to program the operating
system software. While application programs provide
software that is used directly by the user, system programs
provide software that is used by other systems.
 MS-DOS device drivers
Most of the device drivers on MS-DOS are part of the
operating system such as keyboard and screen console
drivers, floppy and hard-disk drivers, printer port driver,
serial port driver etc.
 ROM BIOS device drivers
The BIOS drivers are the programs stored in the EPROM
or EEPROM memory chips on the motherboard. These are

25. Unix Operating System
 Unix is a multitasking, multiuser operating system.
 It is the first portable operating system and is being
used on numerous platforms.
 It provides various advanced security features.
 Unix has a graphical user interface similar to the
Windows operating system that makes it easy for
navigation and a good supportive environment.
 There are various Unix variants available in the
market. Solaris Unix, AIX, HP Unix and BSD are a few
examples.

26. Architecture of Unix Operating
System

27.  Kernel –
◦ The kernel controls the hardware of the computer and resides at the core of the
architecture.
◦ It interacts with the hardware and most of the tasks like memory management,
task scheduling and file management.
 System calls-
◦ It acts as the interface between the kernel and other libraries.
◦ These libraries include general functions and built on top of the system calls.
◦ Commands and Utilities − There are various commands and utilities which
you can make use of in your day to day activities. cp, mv, cat and grep, etc.
are few examples of commands and utilities
 Shell −
◦ The shell is the utility that processes your requests. When you type in a
command at your terminal, the shell interprets the command and calls the
program that you want.
◦ The shell uses standard syntax for all commands. C Shell, Bourne Shell and
Korn Shell are the most famous shells which are available with most of the Unix
variants.
◦ Shell is a special application that provides an interface to the other applications
of the architecture

28. Properties of Unix Operating
System
 Multiuser Accessing
 Multitasking
 Portability
 Processes
 Communication
 Provides Pipes and Filters

29. GUI Based Operating System
Windows OS Linux OS

30. Graphical User Interface OS
 Modern operating systems and graphical user interfaces
are incorporated into nearly every interactive application,
 Ex- ATMs, airline self-ticketing and check-in, video
games, smartphones, and desktops.
 Some popular, modern graphical user interface
examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, Ubuntu
etc.
 The features of a graphical user interface leverage
familiar metaphors, such as drag-and-drop for
transferring files, and use familiar icons, such as a trash
bin for deleted files, creating an environment in which
computer operations are intuitive and easily mastered
without any prior practice or knowledge of computing

31. Architecture of Windows NT

32.  User mode
The interface between user mode applications and operating
system kernel functions is called an "environment
subsystem.“
 Kernel mode
Windows NT kernel mode has full access to the hardware and
system resources of the computer and runs code in a
protected memory area. It controls access to scheduling,
thread prioritization, memory management and the interaction
with hardware.
 Executive Services-
The Windows Executive services make up the low-level
kernel-mode portion, and are contained in the
file NTOSKRNL.EXE .
It deals with I/O, object management, security and process
management.
These are divided into several subsystems, among which
are Cache Manager, Configuration Manager, I/O

33. ◦ Local Procedure Call (LPC)- Provides inter-process
communication ports with connection semantics.
◦ Memory Manager- Manages virtual memory, controlling
memory protection and the paging of memory in and out
of physical memory to secondary storage, and
implements a general-purpose allocator of physical
memory.
◦ Process Structure- Handles process and thread
creation and termination, and it implements the concept
of Job, a group of processes that can be terminated as a
whole, or be placed under shared restrictions (such a
total maximum of allocated memory, or CPU time).
◦ PnP Manager- Handles plug and play and supports
device detection and installation at boot time.
◦ Power Manager- Deals with power events (power-off,
stand-by, hibernate, etc.) and notifies affected drivers

34. ◦ Security Reference Monitor (SRM)- The primary
authority for enforcing the security rules of the security
integral subsys
◦ GDI- The Graphics Device Interface is responsible for
tasks such as drawing lines and curves, rendering fonts
and handling palettes.
 Kernel
The kernel sits between the HAL and the Executive and
provides multiprocessor synchronization, thread and
interrupt scheduling and dispatching, and trap handling
and exception dispatching; it is also responsible for
initializing device drivers at bootup that are necessary to
get the operating system up and running.
 Hardware abstraction layer
The Windows NT hardware abstraction layer or HAL, is a
layer between the physical hardware of the computer and
the rest of the operating system.

35. Operating System - Linux
 Linux is one of popular version of UNIX operating System. It is
open source as its source code is freely available. It is free to
use. Linux was designed considering UNIX compatibility. Its
functionality list is quite similar to that of UNIX.
 Components of Linux System- Linux Operating System has
primarily three components
◦ Kernel − Kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for
all major activities of this operating system. It consists of
various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying
hardware. Kernel provides the required abstraction to hide
low level hardware details to system or application programs.
◦ System Library − System libraries are special functions or
programs using which application programs or system
utilities accesses Kernel's features. These libraries
implement most of the functionalities of the operating system
and do not requires kernel module's code access rights.
◦ System Utility − System Utility programs are responsible to
do specialized, individual level tasks.

37. Basic Features
 Portable − Portability means software can works on different types
of hardware in same way. Linux kernel and application programs
supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.
 Open Source − Linux source code is freely available and it is
community based development project. Multiple teams work in
collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system
and it is continuously evolving.
 Multi-User − Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can
access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at
same time.
 Multiprogramming − Linux is a multiprogramming system means
multiple applications can run at same time.
 Hierarchical File System − Linux provides a standard file structure
in which system files/ user files are arranged.
 Shell − Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be
used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used
to do various types of operations, call application programs. etc.
 Security − Linux provides user security using authentication
features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/

38. Architecture of LINUX Operating
System

39. The architecture of a Linux System consists of the following layers −
 Hardware layer − Hardware consists of all peripheral devices
(RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc).
 Kernel − It is the core component of Operating System,
interacts directly with hardware, provides low level services to
upper layer components.
 Shell − An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's
functions from users. The shell takes commands from the
user and executes kernel's functions.
 Utilities − Utility programs that provide the user most of the
functionalities of an operating systems.There are various
commands and utilities which you can make use of in your
day to day activities. cp, mv, cat and grep, etc. are few
examples of commands and utilities.