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IPA and the Sounds of English
- 3. Has 26 letters: 5 vowels and 21 consonants Has 35 sounds: 11 vowels and 24 consonants
- 4. It is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation-based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It is a pronunciation alphabet in which every speech sound is represented by a symbol. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
- 5. PHONETIC ROMAN Aims at accurate listening Aims at correct spelling, and pronunciation writing to facilitate the reading of texts Represents sounds thru symbols Uses a fixed number of letter Transcribes a word into the corresponding sound Writes words according to the conventions of spelling Demands listening to the pronunciation to transcribe the sound Necessitates memorizing the spelling and consulting the dictionary
- 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. peel – pill fleet – flit weak – wick pause – pose neat – knit heap - hip
- 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. dean – den meat – met bead – bed sweet – sweat seal – sell
- 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. map – mop rat – rot black – block sack – sock battle – bottle
- 9. tang – tongue mad – mud cat – cut lack – luck bag – bug
- 10. stewed – stood fool – full cooed – could cool – cook shoot – shook Luke - look
- 11. paint – pint day – dye lay – lie bay – buy gay – guy tray – try main - mine
- 12. boat – bout coach – couch load – loud though – thou poach – pouch rote – route know - now
- 14. Lips (labio/labial) › bounded by the cheeks, chin, and nose Teeth (dento/dental) › sounds involving “lip & teeth” and “tongue & teeth” Alveolar ridge (alveolo/alveolar) › teeth or gum ridge Hard palate (palato/palatal) › anterior roof of mouth
- 15. Velum (velo/velar) - soft palate › mucous membrane continuous with hard palate Uvula – loose hanging end of the soft palate Tongue (lingua/lingual) › most important of the articulators Mandible (mandibulo/mandibular) - lower jaw › regulates the size of opening beneath teeth
- 16. Unlike vowel sounds, consonant sounds are produced with either partial or complete obstruction in the mouth. Voiced consonants are produced with vibrations of the vocal cords, while voiceless consonant sounds are divided into seven groups.
- 17. In producing them, the air is stopped in the mouth and then released immediately. Bilabial stops voiceless / p / as in pin voiced / b / as in bin
- 18. Alveolar stops voiceless / t / as in tin voiced / d / as in din Velar stops voiceless / k / as in kill voiced / g / as in gill
- 20. produced by allowing the air to pass through a small passage, thereby producing friction. Labio-dental voiceless / f / as in fan voiced / v / as in van
- 21. Inter-dental fricatives voiceless / / as in thin voiced / / as in then Glottal fricatives voiceless / h / as in hug, hymn, hope
- 22. Alveolar fricatives voiceless / s / as in sip voiced / z / as in zip Palatal fricatives voiceless / / as in assure voiced / / as in azure
- 24. It is a combination of a stop and a fricative. The two sounds are produced so rapidly that they are heard as a unit. Voiceless Voiced / / / as in cheer / as in jeer
- 26. Sounds pass through the nose rather than through the mouth. All nasals are voiced. Bilabial nasal / m / as in meat, drum, mum
- 27. Alveolar nasal / n / as in nun, own, noun Velar / nasal / as in sing, tang, ink
- 29. It is produced by pressing the tongue against the alveolar ridge and letting the sound pass through the sides of the tongue. / l / as in leave, spell, lull
- 30. It is produced by letting the sound pass between the hard palate and the slightly rolled tip of the tongue. / r / as in rare, boar, roar
- 31. Bilabial semivowel / w / as in win, wet, woe Pre-palatal semivowel / j / as in yell, union, uniform
- 33. Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don’t put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and tongue. Don’t vibrate your vocal cords.
- 34. Listen to these words and repeat. Thursday think third throw Thelma without bathroom nothing breathless mythology teeth path method booth wrath
- 35. Listen to the following word pairs. Repeat them, being careful to make the distinction between the two sounds. three Thor both tore frilled free soar boat Thor thrilled thin pass fought moth three sin path thought moss free
- 36. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound “th” or do not. As you listen to each phrase, write “Yes” if you hear “th,” and “No” if you do not.
- 37. 1. Geoffrey saw the ( pass, path ) and took it. 2. Thora and Thelma read all about the ( trees, threes ). 3. After the rain, his ( booths, boots ) were covered with mud. 4. All the students saw the ( free, three ) men and applauded. 5. The new manager really liked his new (theme, team ).
- 38. 6. That man was ____________________ when I saw him. 7. Paula and John were ____________________ by the Halloween costumes. 8. The little girl had a big ____________________. 9. My ____________________ are no good. 10. The baseball player had a hot ____________________.
- 39. Place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don’t put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and your tongue. Vibrate your vocal cords to make “TH.” The difference between “TH” and “th” is that the first is voiced and the second, voiceless.
- 41. than Dan father fodder either ether teething teasing those doze breathing breeding dare there clothing closing thy thigh thy die
- 42. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound “TH” or do not. As you listen to each phrase, write “Yes” if you hear “TH,” and “No” if you do not.
- 43. 1. They were ( breathing, breeding ) like rabbits. 2. I don’t enjoy getting ( ether, either ) at all. 3. When exactly will ( they, day ) come? 4. My neighbors ( soothe, sued ) me often. 5. I don’t think that essay is ( worthy, wordy).
- 44. 6. He can spell ____________________ very well. 7. All my children like her ____________________. 8. His writing became ____________________ after each paragraph. 9. The little girls are ____________________. 10. The snake is beginning to ____________________.
- 45. For “p,” have your two lips touching, like in “b,” except make it voiceless. For “f,” put your top teeth onto your bottom lip, and make a sound exactly like “v” except voiceless.
- 48. You will hear phrases of words that either contain the sound “f” or do not. As you listen to each phrase, write “Yes” if you hear “f,” and “No” if you do not.
- 49. 1. He saw a ( pile, file ) of books on the desk. 2. The guard is keeping the ( pork, fork ). 3. I’m trying not to ( pry, fry ). 4. They wondered when they were going to ( supper, suffer ). 5. The ( coffee, copy ) machine is broken again.
- 50. 6. We ____________________ the orange. 7. You are ____________________ me again. 8. His ____________________ were stolen last night. 9. John did the ____________________ thing at the conference. 10. The ____________________ looks wonderful on the table.
- 52. 1. That’s a very big ( bat, vat ). 2. What does “( bet, vet )” mean? 3. He ran to the ( base, vase ). 4. What’s another word for “( bow, vow)”? 5. Does this word start with a “( B, V )”?
- 53. 6. How do you spell “( berry, very )”? 7. Did you say “( best, vest )?” 8. How do you say “( ban, van )” in Japanese? 9. He tried to buy my ( boat, vote ). 10. Could you explain the word “(bending, vending )”?