- IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses that are divided into network and host portions, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. Various techniques were used to extend IPv4's address space, including subnetting, CIDR, and NAT.
- Subnetting divides networks into subnets and hosts using part of the host address bits. CIDR allows routing with variable length network prefixes. NAT allows multiple private IP addresses to share a single public IP address.
- IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and features a vastly larger address space, more efficient routing headers, built-in security, and autoconfiguration of addresses. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 involves dual stack, tunneling, and translation methods.
2. CLASSFUL ADDRESSING
When IP was first standardized, each system attached to the
IP based Internet had to be assigned a unique 32-bit address
The 32-bit IP addressing scheme involves a two level
addressing hierarchy
Network Number Host Number
4. TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE ADDRESS
SHORTAGE IN IPV4
Subnetting
Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
Network Address Translation (NAT)
5. SUBNETTING
Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, and
host.
The extended-network-prefix is composed of
the classful network-prefix and the subnet-
number
The extended-network-prefix has traditionally
been identified by the subnet mask
Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number
6. SUBNETTING EXAMPLE
Internet
G
H1 H2
H3 H4
Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
All traffic
to 128.10.0.0
128.10.1.1 128.10.1.2
128.10.2.1 128.10.2.2
Sub-network 128.10.1.0
Sub-network 128.10.2.0
Net mask 255.255.0.0
7. CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING
Eliminates traditional classful IP routing.
Routing information is advertised with a bit mask/prefix
length specifies the number of leftmost contiguous
bits in the network portion of each routing table entry
Example: 192.168.0.0/21
9. Network address Translation
In computer networking , network address
translation (NAT) is the process of modifying
network address.
Network Address Translation allows a single
device, such as a router, to act as agent between
the Internet (or "public network") and a local (or
"private") network.
This means that only a single unique IP address
is required to represent an entire group of
computers to anything outside their network.
10. TYPES OF NAT OF NAT
Static NAT-utilizes Source IP addresses and
maps them to outside Internet IP
addresses. This is also called 1to 1
translation.
Dynamic NAT-Maps an unregistered IP
address to a registered IP address from a
group of registered IP addresses.
-This is also called Many to 1 translation
11. FEATURES OF IPV6
Larger Address Space
Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
Security (IPsec mandatory)
Mobility
16. IPV4 AND IPV6
IPv4
32 bits address generally
denoted by decimal dot
structure(10.89.40.240)
Private and public I.P.’s
Total number of user 2^32.
(4294967296)
IPv6
128 bits address represented
by hexdecimal colon structure
(FE80:AB020:0000:0000:0000:
0000:0000:0000)
Link local, unique local and
global I.P.
Total number of user 2^128
address.
2^128= 2^96*2^32