2. Introduction
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is
the most recent version of the Internet
Protocol(IP), the communication
protocol that provides an identification
and location system for computers on
networks and routes traffic across
the Internet.
Developed by the Internet Engineering
Task Force. (IETF)
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Developed to deal with the long-
anticipated problem of IPv4 address
exhaustion.
Became an Internet Standard on 14 July
2017.
Uses a 128-bit address, theoretically
allowing 2128 or
approx. 3.4×1038 addresses.
Total number of possible IPv6 addresses
is more than 7.9×1028 times as many as
IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses and
provides approx. 4.3 billion addresses.
4. Features
It is an Internet layer protocol for
packet switching internet.
It is closely similar to the design
principles developed in the previous
version of the protocol Internet
Protocol Version 4 (IPv4).
It provides end – to - end datagram
transmission across multiple IP
networks
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It simplifies aspects of address
assignment, network renumbering and
router announcements.
It simplifies processing of packets in
routers by placing the responsibility for
packet fragmentation into the end
points.
It essentially creates a parallel,
independent network.
It uses larger address space.
6. Other Benefits of IPv6
Permits hierarchical address allocation
methods that facilitate route
aggregation across the Internet
Limit expansion of routing tables
Use of multicast addressing is
expanded and simplified.
Provides additional information
optimization of the delivery of the
services.
7. Aspects considered in the design
of the protocol:-
Device mobility
Security
Configuration aspects
8. Representation:
It is represented as eight groups of
Four Hexadecimal Digits with the
group being separated by colons.
Example:-
2001:0ab8:0001:0042:0200:8a2e:0370:734
4
9. Comparison with IPv4
It had larger address space
Multicasting : the transmission of a
packet to multiple destinations in a single
send operation.
Mobility : IPv6 routers also allow entire
subnets to move to a new router
connection point without renumbering.
IPsec(Internet Protocol Security): It
was a mandatory part of all IPv6 protocol
implementation.
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Simplified processing by
router:Integrity protection for the data
that is in the IPv6 packet is assumed
to be assured by both the data link
layer or error detection in higher-layer
protocols, the transport layer.
Extension Header : It provides the
opportunity to extend the protocol in
the future without affecting the core
packet structure.[
13. Header
The header consists of a fixed portion
with minimal functionality required for all
packets and may be followed by
optional extensions to implement
special features.
The fixed header occupies the first
40 octets (320 bits) of the IPv6 packet.
It contains the source and destination
addresses, traffic classification options,
a hop counter, and the type of the
optional extension or payload which
follows the header.
14. Payload
The fixed and optional IPv6 headers
are followed with the upper-layer
payload, the data provided by the
transport layer, for example
a TCP segment or a UDP datagram.
The Next Header field of the last IPv6
header indicates what type of payload
is contained in this packet.
