1. The document is a presentation given by John McGagh, Head of Innovation at Rio Tinto, at the Internet of Things World Forum in Chicago in October 2014. 2. McGagh addressed three main points in his presentation: how mining is physically connected to ore bodies, how new connectivity provides opportunities to improve mining operations, and Rio Tinto's strategy around an "Internet of big things" through its Mine Automation System (MAS) which integrates data from fixed and mobile assets. 3. MAS aims to leverage data from Rio Tinto's large fleet of autonomous trucks and other machines to improve shorter-term decision making through its "sense, think, act" approach.

1. Internet of Things World Forum
Chicago
John McGagh – Head of Innovation
October 2014

2. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
I will address three points during our
time together:
1 Our world
2 Connectivity
3 Our internet of “big” things
About this presentation
October 2014 2

3. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Who are we? A journey from 1873 to 2014
3
From
To
October 2014

4. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Mining is physical, it is connected to “places”
4
Large mines trigger significant parallel development through towns,
schools, hospitals, roads etc. This further drives the concept of
self- sufficiency.
Mining is a physical activity, the ore bodies cannot be moved.
This drives a locally focused self-sustaining management culture
that has been very successful over time.
October 2014

5. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Technology enablers reduce geographic
boundaries
Sophisticated
mathematics is being
developed to interpret
large data sets to
develop new insights
Cloud-based systems
are interconnecting
“everything”, the
physical world is
becoming part of the
data pool
Power & cost of computer chips Cost & capacity of data storage
Interconnectivity & cloud systems Proliferation of sensors
October 2014 5

6. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Stepping out – our location experiences
Western Australia, the world’s
first and largest integrated Iron
Ore operations centre
Integrated global multi
commodity Processing
Excellence Centre
2009 – regional 2014 - global
Collaboration
Skills leverage
Productivity
Value add
Exploit Big Data
Distance
irrelevant
Human systems
Advanced models
Intelligent
analytics
Network partners
October 2014 6

7. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Snapshot – remote operations and autonomy
October 2014 7

8. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
We have moved >200,000,000 tonnes using
autonomous technology (~ 3,500 Sydney
Harbour Bridges or 540 Empire State Buildings)
Our autonomous fleets have covered ~3,900,000km
hauling material in our operations (x 5 trips to moon
and back)
Rio Tinto and Autonomous Haulage (today*)
We own and operate the world’s largest autonomous
haulage fleet operating in full production mode on three
mine sites
We have over 1,000 Rio Tinto person years
of experience operating autonomous haulage
embedded in our business
x5
x3,500
x58
x1,000
*Correct as of August 6 2014
September 2014 8

9. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Concentration – FixedMining – Mobile
Two worlds - fixed and mobile infrastructure
October 2014 9

10. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Fixed infrastructure, connected sensors
Concentration
Well instrumented
Processes reacting to changes
in mineral feed driven by
geology
Fixed infrastructure
Significant capital investment
Low levels of uncertainty
Significant theoretical process
models developed by
academia over decades
October 2014 10

11. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Mobile infrastructure, machines are sensors
11
Mining
Machines individually
instrumented
Equipment used on board the
machine
Mobile infrastructure
Individual operating units
High levels of uncertainty
Operating within a constantly
changing geographic/geologic
landscape
October 2014

12. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Value, frequency and use of information
s min hr d m y
Information time scale
Typical plant
Typical mine
Future mines
Low
High
Relative
information
value for
decisions
October 2014 12
The information required to
make the “correct” decision
has a significant time driven
value component

13. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Mines look simple - how hard can this be?
Turn into information
Grab the (sensor) data
Improve shorter-term decisions
October 2014 13

14. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Thinking model - the 737 index
14
100
20
10
x107
x21
x7
x6
x2
x2
x1
Multiplesoftheweightofa737(takeoffweight)
737 weighs 79 tonnes t/o
Machines commonly used in the mining industry
October 2014

15. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Grasping the scale
15October 2014

16. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
example
Machines are our mobile sensor platform(s)
32 Sensors
120 Sensors
40 Sensors
Rio Tinto has ~900 HME trucks
Useful data produced by trucks
~4.9 Tb/day (fleet)*
Significant value to leverage
October 2014 16
* Note; 70% utilized fleet, x5 overhead wrap on raw sensor data

17. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
An integrated strategy – data is the glue
• Rio Tinto Mine Automation System (MAS)
− A seven year programme, partnership with University of Sydney
− Embed many learnings and technologies from the defence sector
• One version of the “truth” in mining
− Autonomy is one component in the mine
− One part of our Sense/Think/Act strategy
Stitching it all together
Vehicles are components in the wider complex mine
landscape. Rio Tinto believes we have to integrate many
mining systems to capture most value
Run 2 min MAS Video
October 2014 17

18. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Mine Automation System (MAS)
Mine
Automation
System
Dispatch – (i.e. Modular®)
CAT - Aquila™
Vulcan™
Plants – control & historian
Sensors
Anything, anything, anything
Visualization
October 2014 18
SENSE
THINK
ACT

19. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Mine Automation System (MAS)
October 2014 19

20. ©2014, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
I addressed three points during our
time together:
I hope the presentation was
interesting and challenging.
The world is wired and the internet
of “big” things is upon us.
This is the end of the beginning.
1 Our world is physically
connected to an ore body
2 Connectivity provides new
opportunities to improve
3 Our internet of “big” things
Fixed v/s Mobile - MAS
Summary
October 2014 20

21. Internet of Things World Forum
Chicago
John McGagh – Head of Innovation
October 2014