The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Clinical study of fundal changes in high myopiaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Knowledge, Aptitude, Behaviour and Practices among school children in India NitishKapoorRb
In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
Clinical study of fundal changes in high myopiaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Knowledge, Aptitude, Behaviour and Practices among school children in India NitishKapoorRb
In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
Epidemiological Trends of Oral Diseases in IndiaHaritha RK
A brief look at the recent epidemiological trends of dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and malocclusion in India as of available research in March 2021
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Epidemiology of gingival & periodontal diseases in childrenDrSusmita Shah
Introduction to gingival and periodontal diseases in Children, incidence and prevalence has been covered. Gingival and periodontal indices used for primary as well as mixed dentition has been discussed with all the necessary evidences.
THE IMPACT OF COTTON SWAB USE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANALLinda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Lindas Veideres, Andas Arbidānes, Ievas Grīnbergas, Aleksandras Borovikas, Janas Skrules, Matīsa Karantajera, Kristinas Karganovas, Anetes Gustas, Ievas Muižnieces, Danas Mičules, Jūlijas Ivanovas, Edgara Bobrova, Ilzes Leves, Dr.Sabīnes Attes ZPD "THE IMPACT OF COTTON SWAB USE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāja Dr.Gunta Sumeraga.
“Morbidity profile of children [6-11 years] attending Municipal Corporation P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
EVALUATION OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE IMAGING IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS Linda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Lanas Mičko, Marka Roņa, Daigas Marnauzas un Lindas Veideres ZPD "EVALUATION OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE IMAGING IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītājs Dr.Jānis Sokolovs.
New Book Encourages Couples to Celebrates Life Even When One of Them Has a Te...flashnewsrelease
The personal narrative of Don’t Stop Believing: Our Journey with Cancer, by Kasey Crawford Kellem is a remarkable memoir that shares her personal struggle, unconditional love for her husband Craig, and their losing battle against prostate cancer.
Epidemiological Trends of Oral Diseases in IndiaHaritha RK
A brief look at the recent epidemiological trends of dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and malocclusion in India as of available research in March 2021
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Epidemiology of gingival & periodontal diseases in childrenDrSusmita Shah
Introduction to gingival and periodontal diseases in Children, incidence and prevalence has been covered. Gingival and periodontal indices used for primary as well as mixed dentition has been discussed with all the necessary evidences.
THE IMPACT OF COTTON SWAB USE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANALLinda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Lindas Veideres, Andas Arbidānes, Ievas Grīnbergas, Aleksandras Borovikas, Janas Skrules, Matīsa Karantajera, Kristinas Karganovas, Anetes Gustas, Ievas Muižnieces, Danas Mičules, Jūlijas Ivanovas, Edgara Bobrova, Ilzes Leves, Dr.Sabīnes Attes ZPD "THE IMPACT OF COTTON SWAB USE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāja Dr.Gunta Sumeraga.
“Morbidity profile of children [6-11 years] attending Municipal Corporation P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
EVALUATION OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE IMAGING IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS Linda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Lanas Mičko, Marka Roņa, Daigas Marnauzas un Lindas Veideres ZPD "EVALUATION OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE IMAGING IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītājs Dr.Jānis Sokolovs.
New Book Encourages Couples to Celebrates Life Even When One of Them Has a Te...flashnewsrelease
The personal narrative of Don’t Stop Believing: Our Journey with Cancer, by Kasey Crawford Kellem is a remarkable memoir that shares her personal struggle, unconditional love for her husband Craig, and their losing battle against prostate cancer.
Study Analysis of H.D.A.F Relaying Protocols in Cognitive NetworksAwais Salman Qazi
The concept of cooperative communication in cognitive radio CR networks is used to economize the over utilization of spectrum in accommodating a rising demand of higher data rates for wireless services. The CR typically consists of the Primary User (PU), the Cognitive Relays (CRs), the Cognitive Controller (CC) and the Secondary User (SU). The PU sends its spectrum information to the CRs and CRs decode and re-encode the transmitted data by using Maximum Likelihood estimation and 2 x 2 Alamouti OSTBC techniques and later amplify the OSTBC (re-encoded) data at the relays. All the relays in the system forward their collective decision to CC to finalize its decision on the basis of the information provided by the relays. The CC uses the method known as the spectrum energy detection to compare the energy of PU spectrum with a predefined threshold. If it finds the energy of PU’s spectrum exceeding the threshold, it means that PU’s spectrum can be spared for SU otherwise PU is busy in its spectrum. This book is written by a Computer Scientist, a Computer Engineer and an Electrical Engineer and thus requires no prerequisite knowledge of the students but an
interest in Radio communication.
Identification of Microorganism Associated With Otitis Media among Children i...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This talk contains descriptions of the burden of periodontitis in Malaysia. It was presented at a dental conference organised by the Malaysian Dental Association.
Prevalence,riskfactors and treatment needs of traumatic dental injuries to an...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Aims and Objectives: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of the permanent anterior teeth among the
school children are quite prevalent but often the neglected problem. The objective of the present
study was to assess the prevalence of the TDIs of the permanent anterior teeth among 6-15 years
schoolchildren attending government and private schools of Bhopal city.
Vision health an integral part of public health in nigeriaChibuzor Emereole
A article on why vision care should be inclusive in the Nigerian concept of public health. The article provides the avenues through which advocacy, and public-private partnerships can be employed to achieve this feat, in view of the VISION 2020 - Right to Sight by all by the year 2020.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationshi...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationship ...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered
as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have
a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an
important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Congenital Agenesis Of The Corpus Callosum With Intracerebral Lipoma And Fron...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
“Hemodynamic and recovery profile with Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl in intrac...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Correlation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor expression in Breast Canceriosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Analytical Study of Urine Samples for Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection...iosrphr_editor
The current study was carried out in District Abbottabad aimed to determine the common urinary
tract infections in local community to determine the epidemiology of significant diseases in asymptomatic patients
of renal disorder. In this study a total of 1000 urine samples were examined during 3rd February to 1st April 2015
from patients attending Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad by using dipstick and microscopic analysis of urine.
There were 638 females and 362 males patients examined during this period. The range of age groups is between
1.5 years to 80 years. Results of this study was reported as Pyuria 11%, Proteinuria 21.1%, Hematuria 10.4%,
Epithelial Cells 8.2%, pH 7.8 %, Granular casts 7.3%, Triple phosphate 6.6%, Calcium oxalate 6.4%, Glycosuria
6.3%, Bacteria 6.2% and mucous 4.1%. This study concludes that routing urinalysis should be performed for all
individuals to diagnose the asymptomatic diseases that will help in simple therapeutic measurements as urinalysis
is a simple step to determine the root of Urinary tract disorders.
Chest sonography images in neonatal r.d.s. And proposed gradingiosrphr_editor
BACKGROUND : Lung sonography has been used to monitor the patients of R.D.S. in
N.I.C.U. in recent times.
AIMS : To Describe and Grade the changes of R.D.S. by lung sonography.
SETTING & DESIGN : Tertiary care institutional set up in a rural medical college.
STUDY DURATION : September 2014 to May 2015. Follow-up variable, upto 2 weeks.
PROSPECTIVE, ANALYTICAL STUDY.
MATERIALS AND METHODS -This was a single institute study approved by the institutional ethics
committee. Prior informed consent was obtained from the parents. 100 consecutive patients admitted in
N.I.C.U. WITH gestational age < 36 weeks with respiratory complaints were enrolled. Chest x-ray was
obtained within few hours of admission and lung sonography was performed within 24 hours. Follow – up
sonography was performed as and when necessary. Sonography image was graded and correlated with chest
xray and clinical picture
The Comprehensive Review on Fat Soluble Vitaminsiosrphr_editor
This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables
showing statistical analytical data duly quoting the references wherever necessary. The word “soluble” actually
means “able to be dissolved.” Whether a vitamin is classified as 'fat-soluble' or 'water-soluble' has to do with
how the vitamin is absorbed, stored and removed from the body. Vitamins are tiny organic compounds with a
huge impact on the health and well-being of the body. The body needs a small amount of fat soluble vitamins in
order to stay in optimal health. Fat soluble vitamins play an important role in keeping the body healthy and
functioning from immune system and muscle and heart function, easy flow and clotting of blood as well as eye
health. They are critical to health and wellness–particularly reproductive health and wellness. Low-fat, no-fat
and vegan diets are woefully lacking in fat soluble vitamins. However a diet based on traditional foods can
naturally provide these vitamins. Science is still learning about many of the functions of vitamins. "Too much
vitamin A, D, or K can lead to increased levels that are unhealthy and can cause serious health consequences.
Diseased conditions leading to decreased fat absorption leads to decreased absorption of vitamins. The fatsoluble
vitamins work most safely and effectively when obtained them from natural foods within the context of a
diet rich in all their synergistic partners. If fat soluble vitamins are stored for lengthy time they generate threat
for toxicity than water soluble vitamins and such situation even aggravated, provided they are consumed in
excess. Vitamin products, above the legal limits are not considered food supplements and must be registered as
prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter drugs) due to their potential side effects. Vitamin A and E
supplements do not provide health benefits for healthy individuals, instead they may enhance mortality, and it is
held proved that beta-carotene supplements can be harmful to smokers
Sulphasalazine Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Case Reportiosrphr_editor
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and life threatening mucocutaneous reaction
characterized by extensive necrosis and detachment of epidermis. The Worldwide incidence of TEN is 0.9 to 1.4
per million populations per year [1]. Here we have discussed a case of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis secondary
to Sulfasalazine managed with fluid replacement, analgesics, anti-infective therapy aggressive nutritional
support and intravenous high dose steroid therapy.
Keywords- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Sulfasalazine
Evaluation the efficacy of IVIgG in treatment of Hemolytic Disease of Newborniosrphr_editor
Hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) is an important cause of hyperbilirubinemia in the
neonatal period,and delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to permanent brain damage. Traditional
neonatal treatment of HDN is intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion.Intravenous
immunoglobulin(IVIgG) has been introduced as an alternative therapy to exchange transfusion. This study was
conducted to assess the effect of IVIG in HDN .
FIBROLIPOMATOUS HAMARTOMA OF ULNAR NERVE: A RARE CASE REPORT.iosrphr_editor
Nervous fibrolipomatous hamartoma is said to be a rare tumor-like condition involving the peripheral
nerves,in which the epineurium and perineurium are enlarged and distorted by excess of fatty and fibrous tissue
s that infiltrate between and around nerve boundaries. The median nerve is more likely to develop a hamartoma
than other nerves with a predilection for the carpal tunnel.
A fibrolipomatous hamartoma – is a rare, benign, congenital lesion most commonly found in the median nerve,
usually at the level of the wrist or hand.
We report a case of this rare condition in ulnar nerve.
SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN B...iosrphr_editor
Introduction: Self‑ medication is commonly practiced all over the world. Self-medication is defined as the use
of medication by a patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of
consulting a medical practitioner. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication for
oral health problems among dental patients in Bengaluru city; to identify triggering factors that could influence
self-medication practices; to identify sources of medications used; to identify sources of information about
medications used; and to identify reasons for self-medication.Study Design: A Cross sectional Study.Methods:A
survey was conducted among 175 subjects among dental patients in Bengaluru city. Data were collected
through a specially designed proforma using a closed‑ ended, self‑ administered questionnaire containing 15
questions, in five sections.
Results: The prevalence of
Clinico-haematological Profile of Falciparum Malaria in a Rural Hospital of T...iosrphr_editor
Aim: To study the clinico-haematological profile malaria in a rural hospital of Tripura.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was done from at Kulai District
Hospital,Tripura. This hospital based cross sectional study was done on 60 confirmed cases of falciparum
malaria (either by peripheral smear or rapid diagnostic test) admitted in Kulai District Hospital. A case sheet
proforma was prepared and data (demographic profile,clinical feature, investigation, treatment, and
complication) from all indoor patients was collected and analyzed.
Result: Out of 60 patients, 40(66.6%) were males and 20 (33.4%) were females. Most of the patients were
between the age group 21-40 years with the highest prevalence between the age group of 21-30. Fever was the
most common symptom. Anemia was present in 42(70%) patients, out of which 6(10%) patients had severe
anemia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 36(60%) patients.Abnormal liver function tests were observed in
26(43.3%) subjects while abnormal kidney function tests were observed in16(26.6%) patients. All the 60
patients received Artemisinin based antimalarial drugs.
Conclusion: Early detection, prompt management, and adequate supportive therapy may reduce mortality due
to falciparum cerebral malaria.
Indonesian Wild Ginger (Zingiber sp) Extract: Antibacterial Activity against ...iosrphr_editor
Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith), lempuyang pahit (Zingiber amaricans BL.), and
lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Vahl.) are used as traditional medicine (jamu) in Indonesia. It is also
used for treatment of microbial infections, helps to increase appetite and stimulate digestion in chickens.
Information on their uses are available, but only limited in the scientific data on their bioactivity. The study was
conducted on the antibacterial effect of organic extracts of these plants with Mycoplasma gallisepticum as the
agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. Juice and extracts of fresh and dried rhizome are evaluated
through the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Oxytetracyclin (30 µg) are used as
standards. All extracts are individually exhibited as antibacterial activity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (7
± 0.11 mm to 21 ± 0.86 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of plants extracts are
ranged from 7.8 mg/ml to 31.2 mg/ml. The preliminary results suggested promising antibacterial properties of
wild ginger from Indonesia, and probably could be used in management of chronic respiratory disease in
chickens.
A case of allergy and food sensitivity: the nasunin, natural color of eggplantiosrphr_editor
Abstract: Allergies and food sensitivities can both be considered as "adverse reactions individualistic" to food.
Are pathological and individual forms because they affect a few individuals in way rather serious; immediate
or delayed reactions occur instead with simple effects histamine, or, in severe cases with respiratory and
anaphylactic shock
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known to cause food allergies in some Asian countries, but detailed
studies on allergies caused by eggplant are lacking, however, it was highlighted the presence of allergens in
edible parts of eggplant with preponderance in the peel .
The purpose of this study was to propose an extraction method rapid, efficient and cost of natural dye from
waste products from the food industry, such as the peels of eggplant, from which it was extracted, isolated and
purified the nasunin,a colored molecule in red-fuchsia.
Nasusin was tested on 58 patients to evaluate the potential sensitizing effect on the skin. The results demonstrate
that allergenic effects are negligible and therefore the nasunin can be used as a colorant in various industrial
sectors with a certain safety margin
Complete NMR Assignment of MogrosidesII A2, II E andIII A1Isolated from Luo H...iosrphr_editor
NMR analysis allowed complete assignments of three known mogrol glycosides, Mogroside IIA2 (1),
II E (2)and IIIA1 (3), isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo. Herein, complete 1H and 13C NMR
assignmentsof all threemogrosidesare described based on NMR experiments (1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY,
HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, NOESY and 1DTOCSY) and mass spectral data.
Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulationiosrphr_editor
: Nanoemulsion is referred type of emulsion with uniform and extremely small droplet size in the range
of 20-200 nm. Nanoemulsion provides numerous advantages over other carrier such as polymeric nanoparticle
and liposomes, including low cost preparation procedure, high hydrophilic and lipophilic drug loading system
to enhance the longer shelf live upon preserving the therapeutic agents. Incorporating the preparation of
nanoemulsion with hydrogel matrix to produce nanoemulgel exhibited by the two separate systems that forming
it. Nanoemulgel possesses the properties of thixotropic, non-greasy, effortlessly spreadable, easily be removed,
emollient, not staining, soluble in water, longer shelf life, bio-friendly, translucent and agreeable appearance.
Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Methotrexate in Egyptian Children with Acute Ly...iosrphr_editor
Aim:Since several factors have been shown to influence the clearance of methotrexate, the purpose of this study
was to identify potential relationships between patient covariates and the methotrexate clearance estimates and
deduce a pharmacokinetic model for the estimation of methotrexate clearance in Egyptian pediatric ALL
patients that may help dosage adjustment and achieve target steady-state plasma concentrations in a similar
sittings.
Patients and methods: A total of 94 pediatric patients with B-cell ALL, of whom 70 were the studied population
and 24 were the test population, were treated with four courses of HDMTX doses 2.5 gm/m2
(low-risk arm) or 5
gm/m2
(standard-/high-risk arm) given every other week by intermittent intravenous infusions over 24 hours as
a part of their treatment protocol. Patients were monitored for the 24 hour MTX concentration and the systemic
methotrexate clearance was calculated for each methotrexate dose
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) in Albania 1998-2009iosrphr_editor
Abstract : In Albania, many people erroneously think that tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of the past-an illness
that no longer constitutes a public health threat. Surveillance is an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) control.
Albania has a highTB notification rate and there are doubts about underreporting. The evolution of the
incidence of tuberculosis is presented, together with more detailed figures over the period 1998-2009. These
figures were obtained by the monthly forms (called 14/Sh) compared with the individual notification data.
Objective: To examine the distribution and sources of increased tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and reporting
system deficiencies in the Albania from 1998 through 2009. Metodology: The study is descriptive one conductet
during the period 1998-2009. The statistical analysis is based on data reported from regional level (regional
epidemiological departments) to the central level (Public Health Institute). Results: The main findings were:
discordance between the collected data (individual form) and reported data (monthly form); tuberculosis
incidence rate shows little oscillations which ranges from 6.67 to 9.2 cases/100.000 population; 50% of the
regions show a lack of information on the confirmation of diagnosis and laboratory examination type used for
confirmation. Conclusion: TB disease in high-risk populations where it is difficult to detect, diagnose, and treat;
limitations of current control measures and the need for new tests and treatments, including an effective
vaccine; improving information system, regulation of individual form and personnel training.
Total Phenol and Antioxidant from Seed and Peel of Ripe and Unripe of Indones...iosrphr_editor
Study on total phenol and antioxidantactivity ofsugar apple fruits of various solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripening. Solvent extraction used were 80% (v/v) methanol, 50% (v/v) acetone, boiling water, and 50% (v/v) ethanol. Part of fruits thatbeen used for samples were seed and peel which are normally by products of sugar apple processing, level of ripening were unripe, and ripe sugar apple fruits. Total phenol was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method. Total antioxidant was quantified by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method.Therewas a difference in type of solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripeningon total phenol and antioxidant concentration of sugar apple fruits. Seeds have higher total phenol concentration than peels of this fruits. Unripe sugar apple fruits have higher total phenol and antioxidant than ripe fruit. The best solvent for phenol extraction was ethanol 50%butthe best solvent for antioxidant extraction was acetone 50%.
A Review on Step-by-Step Analytical Method Validationiosrphr_editor
When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related samples it is essential that the results are trustworthy. They may be utilized as the basis for decisions relating to administering the drug to patients. Analytical method validation required during drug development and manufacturing and these analytical methods are fit for their intended purpose. To comply with the requirements of GMP pharmaceutical industries should have an overall validation policy which documents how validation will be performed. The purpose of this validation is to show that processes involved in the development and manufacture of drug, production and analytical testing can be performed in an effective and reproducible manner. This review article provides guidance on how to perform validation characteristics for the analytical method which are utilized in pharmaceutical analysis.
A Cross Sectional Study of Ethnic Differences in Occurrence and Severity of A...iosrphr_editor
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1. IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy
(e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219
Www.Iosrphr.Org Volume 3, Issue 7(August 2013), Pp 58-62
58
Pattern of aural morbidity among children in a rural tertiary
care hospital
Bijan Basak1
, Gautam Dhar2
, Ganesh Chandra Gayen3
, Ritam Ray4
1.
Assistant professor, Dept. of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital,
P.O. – Rajbati, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
2.
Associate professor, Department of Community Medicine,
Assistant director of Medical Education, Dept. of Health & Family welfare, Govt of West Bengal, Swasthya
Bhawan, GN-29, Sector – 5, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091, West Bengal, India
3.
Assistant professor, Dept. of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital,
P.O. – Rajbati, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
4.
RMO-cum-clinical tutor, Dept. of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital,
P.O. – Rajbati, Burdwan – 713104, West Bengal, India
ABSTRACT : Objective: To study the pattern of aural morbidity among the paediatric
population attending the ENT OPD of our hospital.
Methods:
DESIGN: Observational study with a cross-sectional design
SETTING: Tertiary government rural teaching hospital
PARTICIPANTS: All patients upto 15 years of age attending the ENT OPD during the
study period
RESULTS: In our study, out of 3095 patients, 2062 were under the age of 15 years. Maximum
patients (36.47%) were within 0-5 years of age. Out of them, 1036 patients (50.24%) were
male and rest 1026 patients (49.76%) were female with a male female ratio of 1.01:1.
Majority of patients were Hindu (53.98%), rest 44.72% patients were Muslim and 1.3% were
Christian. Chronic suppurative otitis media (37.54%) was the most common ear pathology
detected. 84.37% patients had tubo-tympanic type and rest (15.63%) were having attico-
antral type of disease. Other diseases were impacted wax (19.64%), external otitis (15.13%),
ASOM (9.84%), otomycosis (8.1%), F.B. inside the ear (5.24%), OME (3.93%), preauricular
sinus (0.53%) and anotia with congenital aural atresia (0.05%).
CONCLUSION: Ear diseases are one of the major health problems among children. Chronic
suppurative otitis media followed by wax impaction and acute otitis media is the most
common ear diseases in children attending the ENT OPD. Increasing awareness about ear
diseases should be one of the goals of all health care providers. Improvement of health care
facilities and awareness amongst health care providers would definitely be helpful in
reducing the prevalence of ear diseases in developing countries like us
KEYWORDS : Aural morbidity; Children; CSOM; Wax; ASOM; External otitis; OME;
Otomycosis
2. Pattern of aural morbidity among...
59
I. INTRODUCTION
Ear is one of the most important special sensory organs and ear diseases are very
common in our ENT practice. There is a fairly large amount of paediatric population
attending ENT OPD of our hospital and out of them majority of patients were suffering from
ear problems. There is a wide variation of presentation of ear diseases in paediatric
population and it also varies from .
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out in the Dept. of ENT , Burdwan Medical College &
Hospital, Burdwan. It comprises of 3195 patients aged below 15 years with 2062 patients
having complaint related to their ear attended both OPD and emergencies of ENT
Department of Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, successfully treated during the
period of December, 2012 to May, 2013. All the patients were evaluated carefully
with thorough history taking and a complete ENT examination in ENT OPD after taking
consent from the guardian of patients. Otoscopic examination done properly using otoscope.
III. RESULTS
In our study, 2062 patients were under the age of 15 years, presented with problem
related with their ear out of 3095 patients in that age group, giving a prevalence of 66.62% of
paediatric patients with otologic diseases. All the patients were divided into three broad
groups, that is, 0-5 years, 6-10 years & 11-15 years. Maximum patients (36.47%) were within
0-5 years of age. Out of them, 1036 patients (50.24%) were male and rest 1026 patients
(49.76%) were female (Table – 1) with a male female ratio of 1.01:1. Majority of patients were
Hindu (53.98%), rest 44.72% patients were Muslim and 1.3% were Christian (Table – 4).Chronic
suppurative otitis media (37.54%) was the most common ear pathology detected among the
patients and it is more common in 11-15 years age group (Table – 2 & 5). Out of 774 patients
suffering from CSOM, 653 patients (84.37%) were suffering from tubo-tympanic type and
rest (15.63%) were having attico-antral type of disease (Table – 3). Other diseases were
impacted wax (19.64%), external otitis (15.13%), ASOM (9.84%), otomycosis (8.1%), F.B.
inside the ear (5.24%), OME (3.93%), preauricular sinus (0.53%) and anotia with congenital
aural atresia (0.05%).
IV. DISCUSSION
Ear disease in children is a major public health problem in developing countries
which can result in social and psychological problems for affected children and their families.
The common leading causes of aural morbidities are chronic suppurative otitis media
(CSOM) is a major health problem in developing countries throughout the world. It is the
most common cause of persistent mild to moderate hearing impairment in children and young
adults [1].
Ear is an important organ in the body that is very useful in day-to-day communication
with the outside world, smooth performance of activities and social development. When this
organ is diseased, it can result in impairment of function in hearing and balance.
CSOM is the most common morbid condition of the ear and a leading cause of
hearing loss. Hearing loss is a significant health problem in developing countries [2,3]. In our
study also, hearing loss due to chronic suppurative otitis media (37.54%) was found to be the
most common ear pathology detected. Akinpelu et al study showed that a very high
prevalence (33.9%) of CSOM in Nigerian children [4]. The reasons for this may include
absence of regular screening programs for ear diseases, poverty, malnutrition, ignorance and
paucity of accessible healthcare [5,6].
3. Pattern of aural morbidity among...
60
Wax impaction is the second most common morbidity in our study. Hatcher et al [7],
Elangoet al [8] and Minza et al [9] reported prevalence rates of impacted wax ranging from
8.6% to 28.2%. This is followed by otitis externa and ASOM. In the study done by Akinpelu
and Amusa et al, however the frequency of ASOM was lower (7.0%) [4]
The general observation of the patients' occupational classes showed that there were
more patients in lower occupational classes than those in the upper classes. Generally, it is
believed that people in upper socio-economic classes are more literate, have healthier
lifestyles and behavior than people in lower classes [10]. Patients of lower socioeconomic
status are likely to have nutritional problems and live in overcrowding environments which
are important risk factors for the ear diseases. The patients in these classes are likely to delay
seeking medical advice due to lack of knowledge about the disease and fund. They are likely
to present with associated complications of the disease with increased morbidity.
The results from this study are only applicable to the paediatric population attending
the ENT OPD of our hospital. An exact comparison with different socio economic and
demographic factors could not be elicited as a control group was not taken into consideration.
The prevalence of the various morbidities could be much higher in the general population, as
many do not come to get medical help due to various socioeconomic barriers. Thus the results
of this study cannot be generalized and applied to the community. A broader community
based multicentred and large sample sized study is further needed to find out the actual
prevalence and pattern of ear diseases in this country.
V.TABLES
Table - 1
Age distribution
Age Male (%) Female(%) Total
0-5 yrs 397(19.25%) 355(17.22%) 752(36.47%)
6-10 yrs 288(13.97%) 297(14.41%) 585(28.37%)
11-15 yrs 351(17.02%) 374(18.14%) 725(35.16%)
Total 1036(50.24%) 1026( 49.77%) 2062
Table - 2
Distribution of patients by various diseases
Disease No. of patients Percentage (%)
CSOM 774 37.54
Impacted wax 405 19.64
External otitis 312 15.13
ASOM 203 9.84
Otomycosis 167 8.1
Foreign body ear 108 5.24
OME 81 3.93
Preauricular sinus 11 0.53
Anotia with congenital aural
atresia
01 0.05
4. Pattern of aural morbidity among...
61
Table - 3
Distribution of types of CSOM
Types of CSOM No. of patients Percentage (%)
Tubotympanic 653 84.37
Atticoantral 121 15.63
Table - 4
Distribution of patients by religion
Religion No. of patients Percentage (%)
Hindu 1113 53.98
Muslim 922 44.72
Christian 27 1.30
Table – 5
Age wise distribution of common paediatric ear pathologies
Disease 0-5yrs 6-10yrs 11-15yrs Chi Square-
57.425
df - 6
p value< 0.05
CSOM 207 340 227
Impacted wax 173 123 109
External Otitis 85 134 93
ASOM 96 64 46
VI. CONCLUSION
Ear diseases are one of the major health problems among children. Chronic
suppurative otitis media followed by wax impaction and acute otitis media is the most
common ear diseases in children attending the ENT OPD. Increasing awareness about ear
diseases should be one of the goals of all health care providers. Improvement of health care
facilities and awareness amongst health care providers would definitely be helpful in
reducing the prevalence of ear diseases in developing countries like us.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] Biswas AC, Joarder AH, Siddiquee BH. Prevalence of CSOM among rural school going children.
Mymensingh Med J 2005;14:152–55.
[2] Olusanya BO, Okolo AA, Aderemi AA. Predictors of hearing loss in school entrants in a developing
country. J Postgrad Med. 2004; 50(3):173-178.
[3] Olusanya BO, Okolo AA, Ijaduola GT. The hearing profile of Nigerian school children. Int J Pediatr
Otorhinolaryngol. 2000; 55(3):173-179.
[4] Akinpelu OV, Amusa YB. Otological diseases in Nigerian children. The Internet J
Otorhinolaryngol.2007,7:1.
[5] Rai S, Puliyel JM. Screening for auditory impairment in resource-poor countries. J Postgrad Med. 2004;
50(3):178-179.
[6] Fasunla AJ, Adeosun AA, Afolabi AO, Nwaorgu OG. Usefulness of 61ehavioural test of hearing as a rapid
public health screening tool for infants. J Pediatr Neurol. 2011; 9(1):29-33
[7] Hatcher J, Smith A, Mackenzie I, Thompson S, Bal I,Macharia I et al. A prevalence study of ear problems
in school children in Kiambu district, Kenya, May 1992. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1995;33:197-205.
[8] Elango S, Purohit GN, Hashim M, Hilmi R. Hearing loss and ear disorders in Malaysian school children.Int
J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1991; 22:75-80.
[9] Minja BM and Machemba A. Prevalence of otitis media, hearing impairment and cerumen impaction
among schoolchildren in rural and urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
1996;37:29-34.
[10] Isaacs SL, Schroeder SA. Class – The ignored determinant of the nation?s health. N Engl J Med. 2004;
351(11):1137-1142.
5. Pattern of aural morbidity among...
62
VIII. ABBREVIATIONS
ASOM – Acute suppurative otitis media
CSOM - Chronic suppurative otitis media
OME - Otitis media with effusion
F.B. – Foreign body
ENT –Ear nose & throat
OPD – Out patient department