This document summarizes an investigation into the mechanical behavior of sintered copper-15% tungsten nano powder composites during cold forming. Copper and tungsten powders were milled to a particle size of 400nm and below and compacted into cylindrical preforms with initial densities of 85% and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The preforms were sintered and then subjected to cold deformation testing. Results showed that stresses increased with strain levels and aspect ratio, with lower aspect ratios exhibiting higher stresses. Fractional density was also found to correlate with a strain parameter according to a power law relationship.
Prediction of behaviour in forming of sintered copper 10%tungsten nano powder...iaemedu
The document discusses experimental investigations to predict the deformation behavior of sintered copper-10% tungsten nano composite during cold upset forming. High-energy mechanical milling was used to produce Cu and W nano powders. Cylindrical preforms with initial theoretical density of 85% and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were cold pressed and sintered. The preforms underwent incremental cold deformation testing. Relationships between stress, strain, density ratio, and other parameters were evaluated to understand the densification behavior during forming.
IRJET- Sintering of Tungsten for Porous ComponentsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on sintering tungsten powder for porous components at lower temperatures. Tungsten is traditionally sintered above 2000°C, but the study investigated adding milled tungsten powder as an activator to increase sinterability at lower temperatures. Milled powder with reduced particle size was added in compositions from 0-50% and sintered between 1470-1550°C. Density increased with temperature and soaking time, reaching up to 61% theoretical density with 50% milled powder. Hardness and strength decreased with longer soaking times due to grain growth, despite higher densities. The milled powder promoted faster densification through higher reactivity and strain energy from the milling
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document summarizes a study on the performance of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The objective was to optimize the properties of SFRSCC in both fresh and hardened states. Various materials were used to produce SFRSCC mixes with steel fiber contents ranging from 0% to 3% by volume. Cubes and beams were tested to determine the compressive and flexural strengths at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that both strengths generally increased with fiber content up to around 2%, above which the strengths decreased. This suggests the steel fibers can improve the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete if used at an optimal dosage.
01 effect of addition of m icriosilica 600 on wpfrcprjpublications
This document presents an experimental investigation into the effects of adding microsilica to waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete (WPFRC). Various materials were tested according to appropriate standards including cement, aggregates, microsilica, plastic fibres and water. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0-12% microsilica replacements of cement by weight, along with 0.5% plastic fibres by volume. Specimens were water cured for 28 days then tested for compressive, tensile, flexural and impact strengths as well as workability. Test results showed that up to 10% microsilica can be added without reducing compressive strength, and other properties were improved.
This document summarizes research on developing a self-lubricating cutting tool material using powder metallurgy techniques. Tungsten carbide was used as the base material with cobalt as the binder. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was added as the solid lubricant. Addition of MoS2 was found to improve compaction characteristics and density. Specimens with 5% cobalt exhibited cracks during sintering while specimens with 10% cobalt did not crack. Transverse rupture strength increased with higher MoS2 content, up to 7% MoS2. Hardness and density also increased with more MoS2. The addition of MoS2 improved the sintering and
Experimental Determination of Compacting Characteristics of Copper–Redmud Com...IJERA Editor
Composite materials are capable of providing higher temperature operating limits than their base metal counter
parts and they can be tailored to give improved strength, stiffness, hardness, thermal conductivity, abrasion
resistance, creep resistance and dimensional stability .Powder metallurgy is an appropriate process for the
preparation of composite materials. Copper appears to have a potential as a base metal for composites for
obtaining various improved properties. Red Mud is an industrial waste obtained in both solid state and powder
form produced during the production of Alumina by Bayer‟s Process. The objective of the present work is to
prepare copper red mud composite specimens using conventional powder metallurgy and to determine green
characteristics of these compacts
The document discusses an experimental investigation into the effect of adding microsilica-600 on the properties of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete (WPFRC). Waste plastic fibres were added at 0.5% by volume and microsilica-600 was added in percentages ranging from 0-12% by weight of cement. The results showed that compressive strength was not adversely affected by up to 10% microsilica-600, and other properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strengths saw advantages. The study aimed to utilize waste plastics and microsilica to produce concrete with desirable properties while reducing environmental pollution.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Prediction of behaviour in forming of sintered copper 10%tungsten nano powder...iaemedu
The document discusses experimental investigations to predict the deformation behavior of sintered copper-10% tungsten nano composite during cold upset forming. High-energy mechanical milling was used to produce Cu and W nano powders. Cylindrical preforms with initial theoretical density of 85% and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were cold pressed and sintered. The preforms underwent incremental cold deformation testing. Relationships between stress, strain, density ratio, and other parameters were evaluated to understand the densification behavior during forming.
IRJET- Sintering of Tungsten for Porous ComponentsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on sintering tungsten powder for porous components at lower temperatures. Tungsten is traditionally sintered above 2000°C, but the study investigated adding milled tungsten powder as an activator to increase sinterability at lower temperatures. Milled powder with reduced particle size was added in compositions from 0-50% and sintered between 1470-1550°C. Density increased with temperature and soaking time, reaching up to 61% theoretical density with 50% milled powder. Hardness and strength decreased with longer soaking times due to grain growth, despite higher densities. The milled powder promoted faster densification through higher reactivity and strain energy from the milling
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document summarizes a study on the performance of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The objective was to optimize the properties of SFRSCC in both fresh and hardened states. Various materials were used to produce SFRSCC mixes with steel fiber contents ranging from 0% to 3% by volume. Cubes and beams were tested to determine the compressive and flexural strengths at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that both strengths generally increased with fiber content up to around 2%, above which the strengths decreased. This suggests the steel fibers can improve the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete if used at an optimal dosage.
01 effect of addition of m icriosilica 600 on wpfrcprjpublications
This document presents an experimental investigation into the effects of adding microsilica to waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete (WPFRC). Various materials were tested according to appropriate standards including cement, aggregates, microsilica, plastic fibres and water. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0-12% microsilica replacements of cement by weight, along with 0.5% plastic fibres by volume. Specimens were water cured for 28 days then tested for compressive, tensile, flexural and impact strengths as well as workability. Test results showed that up to 10% microsilica can be added without reducing compressive strength, and other properties were improved.
This document summarizes research on developing a self-lubricating cutting tool material using powder metallurgy techniques. Tungsten carbide was used as the base material with cobalt as the binder. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was added as the solid lubricant. Addition of MoS2 was found to improve compaction characteristics and density. Specimens with 5% cobalt exhibited cracks during sintering while specimens with 10% cobalt did not crack. Transverse rupture strength increased with higher MoS2 content, up to 7% MoS2. Hardness and density also increased with more MoS2. The addition of MoS2 improved the sintering and
Experimental Determination of Compacting Characteristics of Copper–Redmud Com...IJERA Editor
Composite materials are capable of providing higher temperature operating limits than their base metal counter
parts and they can be tailored to give improved strength, stiffness, hardness, thermal conductivity, abrasion
resistance, creep resistance and dimensional stability .Powder metallurgy is an appropriate process for the
preparation of composite materials. Copper appears to have a potential as a base metal for composites for
obtaining various improved properties. Red Mud is an industrial waste obtained in both solid state and powder
form produced during the production of Alumina by Bayer‟s Process. The objective of the present work is to
prepare copper red mud composite specimens using conventional powder metallurgy and to determine green
characteristics of these compacts
The document discusses an experimental investigation into the effect of adding microsilica-600 on the properties of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete (WPFRC). Waste plastic fibres were added at 0.5% by volume and microsilica-600 was added in percentages ranging from 0-12% by weight of cement. The results showed that compressive strength was not adversely affected by up to 10% microsilica-600, and other properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strengths saw advantages. The study aimed to utilize waste plastics and microsilica to produce concrete with desirable properties while reducing environmental pollution.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes characteristics of Mo-47 wt.% Re alloy sheets produced by powder metallurgy. Microstructural analysis showed a two-phase precipitation structure. Hardness increased with deformation up to a thickness of 0.8 mm then stabilized, with some areas showing higher or lower hardness. TEM revealed sigma phases along grain boundaries in sheets with thickness of 0.27 mm. Tensile properties decreased with increasing temperature from room temperature to 1400 K.
Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice H...IJSRD
Strong unreinforced pre-cast bond concrete paver blocks is a flexible, tastefully appealing, practical, financially savvy and requires next to zero support if effectively produced and laid. Paver blocks can be utilized for distinctive movement classifications i.e. Non-movement, Light-activity, Medium-traffic, Heavy-traffic and Very heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M-40 grade of concrete of 80mm thickness for medium activity with differing rate of nylon fiber i.e. 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%,0.5% is utilized to enhance the compressive strength is thrown. Subsequent to discovering ideal rate of nylon fiber, the same is utilized as consistent alongside Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash in shifting rate 10%, 20%, 30% is added as bond substitution to analyze the progressions in compressive strength and flexure strength of paver block..
Agglomeration of Ferro Manganese Fines for Use in LD Steel Making : Presented...PRABHASH GOKARN
This document summarizes research on agglomerating ferromanganese alloy fines to make them suitable for use in steelmaking. The researchers characterized the fines and tested various binders and agglomeration processes. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was found to produce agglomerates with sufficient strength. Laboratory and plant trials showed the agglomerates achieved manganese recovery comparable to lumps without introducing impurities to the steel. Commercialization of the agglomeration process provides an economical way to utilize alloy fines that were previously sold at a lower price.
Briquetting of Ferro Manganese Fines & Use in Steel MakingPRABHASH GOKARN
Ferro Manganese(FeMn) is used for alloying & refining of steel. During manufacture of FeMn fines are generated which are not useable (except in small induction furnaces). This paper describes a process for agglomeration of FeMn fines and its use in steel making.
Paper submitted for NMD 2012.
Agglomeration of Ferroalloy Fines for use in Bulk Steelmaking ProcessesPRABHASH GOKARN
International Paper Published in STEEL TECH (ISSN 0976-4232) Vol:7 No:3 in April 2013
Ferroalloys are added as deoxidizing agents and additives to increase strength, elasticity and abrasion & corrosion resistance of steel. The preferred size of ferroalloy lumps for steel making is 10mm – 80 mm to optimize the operational efficiency. Ferroalloy lumps are produced by manual breaking of casted alloy cakes which generates 5-10% fines which cannot be used in bulk steel making process (like the commonly used LD process) because of handing and operational difficulties. Therefore, we at Tata Steel developed an agglomeration process for ferroalloy fines and used the briquettes thus produced for making steel. The developed process described in the paper is an economic, environment friendly and efficient way to utilize the ferroalloy fines in steel making.
The document examines the effect of heat treatment on the hardness and microstructure of En 353 steel. Vickers hardness tests found that heat treatment significantly increased the hardness of the steel case from 193.7 HV before heat treatment to 684.5 HV after. Microstructure images showed the before treatment microstructure was ferrite and spheroidized pearlite, while the after treatment microstructure was fine tempered martensite and retained austenite. X-ray diffraction analysis found the heat treatment reduced crystallite size and dislocation density. The study concludes that heat treatment improves the mechanical properties of En 353 steel by increasing hardness and changing the microstructure.
Stress-Strain of Hotmix Cold Laid Containing Buton Granular Asphat (BGA) with...IJERA Editor
Buton granular asphalt (BGA) is produced from natural rock asphalt. The employment of hotmix cold laid containing BGA with modifier oil base and modifier oil base can substitute hot rolled asphalt (HRA) construction in the remote and distance areas. Natural rock asphalt that deposited in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia is crushed to produce Buton granular asphalt (BGA). BGA and cold modifier were utilized to produce hot mixture that can be laid at cold temperature of 50OC to 27OC.The present study provides the information concerning the stress-strain pattern and compressive strength of hotmix cold laid containing BGA and Modifier Oil Base and Modifier Water Base at the storing and compaction time of 4 hours, 3 days and 7 days.
EFFECT OF IMMERSION IN SEMI SYNTHETICS (30% PETROLEUM OIL) ON COMPRESSION S...Ali I. Al-Mosawi
The mixtures used in the rubber industry to modify the properties of rubber, depending on the
application field in which the character is used rubber whether subjected to mechanical loads or be
in contact with solutions or exposed to sunlight or any other race. These agents are varying the
properties of the reinforced rubber, then this research examines the issue of immersion styrene
butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in cutting fluids used in operation
machines on the rubber pillows supplied with these machines. SBR was reinforced by
(0,5,10,15,20, and 25pphr) PVC and were studied the effects of immersion in semi synthetics
(30% petroleum oil) on the compression strength of SBR-PVC rubber composite for a period of
four weeks. The results obtained showed lower compression strength after immersion in solution
when compared with original material before immersion, and this decrease in strength will
increase, with increases the duration of exposure of the petroleum oil. And the results
demonstrated that the compression strength of SBR will enhance by adding PVC.
Effect of different types of steel fibers with metakaolin & flyIAEME Publication
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of different types of steel fibers with metakaolin and fly ash on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. Three types of steel fibers were used at volumes ranging from 0.5% to 4% by weight of cementitious material. The addition of metakaolin and fly ash at 5% and 10% by weight improved the concrete properties. The results showed that compressive strength increased with steel fiber content up to 3.5%, with round crimped steel fibers performing best. Similarly, split tensile strength also increased up to 3.5% fiber content, with flat crimped fibers giving the highest strength. The study concluded that steel fibers improve the ductility of high
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Metal Matrix b...dbpublications
The document summarizes research on synthesizing aluminum-graphene composites using powder metallurgy and characterizing the resulting material. Specifically, it discusses (1) creating aluminum composites with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% graphene through powder mixing and sintering, (2) analyzing the microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the forged and unforged composites, and (3) concluding that the 0.1% graphene forged composite exhibited the best properties like highest hardness and lowest wear rate due to its high density and uniform graphene dispersion from forging.
Comparison of strength properties of bitumen mixed with waste materials as moIAEME Publication
1. The study compares the strength properties of bitumen mixed with waste materials like low density polyethylene (LDPE) and pulverized tyre waste (PTW) as modifiers.
2. Test results showed that adding 12% PTW and 6% LDPE to bitumen increased its Marshall stability by 30% and 28.46% respectively, and decreased its flow, improving the strength properties.
3. Penetration and softening point values also improved with the modifiers, indicating the bitumen became stiffer with higher resistance to temperature changes. The study concludes using waste materials is an effective way to improve bitumen for pavements while providing eco-friendly disposal of plastics and tyres.
Mechanical properties of rice husk carbon black hybrid natural rubber compositeAlexander Decker
This document investigates the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with hybrid fillers of rice husk and carbon black. Six composite samples were prepared with varying ratios of rice husk to carbon black at a constant filler loading of 50 parts per hundred rubber. Testing showed that with increasing carbon black content, the composites exhibited increased tensile strength, modulus, hardness and abrasion resistance, but decreased elongation at break. Flex fatigue resistance improved with higher carbon black content due to reduced stiffening of the polymer chains. Therefore, the rice husk/carbon black hybrid filler can provide reinforcement for natural rubber where specific end-use mechanical properties are required.
This document summarizes the physical and physico-chemical characterization of iron ore and agglomerates. It discusses several key parameters used to assess iron ore quality for blast furnace use, including:
1. Reducibility Index (RI) and Reduction Degradation Index (RDI), which indicate how easily the iron can be reduced and resistance to degradation during the reduction process.
2. Physical characterization tests such as specific gravity, bulk density, apparent porosity, friability, particle size, and strength to evaluate how materials withstand handling and transportation.
3. Physico-chemical tests like thermal degradation index and reduction degradation index that simulate blast furnace conditions to predict generation of fines.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Study of mechanical and morphological properties of glass fiber reinforced mo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Polymethylmethacrylate and Poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) rubber were used to modify Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin and cured with stoichiometric quantities of the hardener 4,4’ diamino dipheny methane. This modified epoxy resin was used as the matrix for the preparation of glass fiber reinforced composites. E- Glass fiber was used as fiber reinforcement. The morphology and mechanical properties of the composite analysed. Morphological analysis of the fractured surface of the composites indicated good adhesion between the matrix polymer and the glass fibers. Hence an enhancement in mechanical properties of the composite such as tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness has been observed as there has been an effective transfer of the load from the matrix to the fiber. Hence these composites which exhibit high toughness, strength and dimensional stability can be envisaged to provide valuable contribution to high performance structural applications. Keywords: Glass composites, mechanical properties, modified epoxy matrix, morphology and ternary blend
A comparative study of customer experience in café coffee day vs baristaiaemedu
The document presents a comparative study of customer experience at Cafe Coffee Day and Barista coffee chains in India. It provides background information on the growth of coffee culture in India and discusses how globalization influenced the emergence of modern coffee cafe chains. The study examines 25 variables related to customer experience across both chains, including aspects like ambience, products, service quality, and pricing. Statistical analysis of survey data from 146 respondents in Pune revealed that customer perception was unfavorable for a few variables like exterior design, space in aisles, scent, delivery time, and taste/quality of products at the coffee chains.
Integration of biosensors in the biomedical systems choices and outlookiaemedu
This document discusses the integration of biosensors in biomedical systems. It begins by introducing biosensors and their components. Miniaturization and automation are seen as advantageous trends. The criteria for integrating biosensors is then examined, with microelectronic techniques seen as most integrable. Lab-on-a-chip is presented as an example of an almost perfect integrated biosensor cell that promises to be a future technology. Thermal properties that could impact integration are also briefly reviewed. In conclusion, multidisciplinary research is needed for coherent development across different fields to further biosensor integration.
Comparison between training function trainbfg and trainbr in modeling of neur...iaemedu
This document compares two training functions, TRAINBFG and TRAINBR, for modeling a neural network to predict the specific heat capacity of a working fluid (LiBr-H2O) used in vapor absorption refrigeration systems. The neural network model contains one input layer with two nodes (vapor quality and temperature), one hidden layer, and one output layer (specific heat capacity). Both training functions are evaluated based on error metrics like relative error and root mean square error. The results and discussion section will analyze which training function produces the best neural network model for this prediction task based on the error analysis.
Knowledge management strategies in higher educationiaemedu
The document discusses knowledge management strategies in higher education. It begins by explaining the concepts of explicit and implicit knowledge and how knowledge works in higher education. It then discusses trends in knowledge management practices for higher education, including leveraging knowledge to enhance innovation and convergence with research. Finally, it proposes technology solutions like university portals that can integrate tools and resources to improve knowledge sharing and exchange among faculty and students across campuses.
A study on the presence of fecal pollution indicatoriaemedu
This document summarizes a study on the presence of fecal indicator bacteria in Muttukadu back waters in Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons and tested for fecal coliforms using multiple tube fermentation and membrane filtration techniques. Analysis found higher numbers of fecal coliforms during the monsoon season, followed by post-monsoon, and lower numbers in pre-monsoon. Escherichia coli was identified as the dominant fecal indicator present throughout the year, indicating sewage contamination of the water body poses a health risk especially during monsoons.
Early detection of adult valve disease mitral stenosis using the elman artifi...iaemedu
The document discusses using an Elman artificial neural network (ENN) to classify the degree of mitral valve stenosis in ultrasound images. An ENN was trained on M-mode echocardiography images showing mild, moderate or severe stenosis. The ENN demonstrated good performance classifying images into the three categories. Feature extraction was performed using kernel principal component analysis to reduce image pixels to three values as inputs to the ENN. The ENN architecture included input, hidden, connecting and output layers to classify dynamic patterns over time in the ultrasound images.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes characteristics of Mo-47 wt.% Re alloy sheets produced by powder metallurgy. Microstructural analysis showed a two-phase precipitation structure. Hardness increased with deformation up to a thickness of 0.8 mm then stabilized, with some areas showing higher or lower hardness. TEM revealed sigma phases along grain boundaries in sheets with thickness of 0.27 mm. Tensile properties decreased with increasing temperature from room temperature to 1400 K.
Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice H...IJSRD
Strong unreinforced pre-cast bond concrete paver blocks is a flexible, tastefully appealing, practical, financially savvy and requires next to zero support if effectively produced and laid. Paver blocks can be utilized for distinctive movement classifications i.e. Non-movement, Light-activity, Medium-traffic, Heavy-traffic and Very heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M-40 grade of concrete of 80mm thickness for medium activity with differing rate of nylon fiber i.e. 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%,0.5% is utilized to enhance the compressive strength is thrown. Subsequent to discovering ideal rate of nylon fiber, the same is utilized as consistent alongside Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash in shifting rate 10%, 20%, 30% is added as bond substitution to analyze the progressions in compressive strength and flexure strength of paver block..
Agglomeration of Ferro Manganese Fines for Use in LD Steel Making : Presented...PRABHASH GOKARN
This document summarizes research on agglomerating ferromanganese alloy fines to make them suitable for use in steelmaking. The researchers characterized the fines and tested various binders and agglomeration processes. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was found to produce agglomerates with sufficient strength. Laboratory and plant trials showed the agglomerates achieved manganese recovery comparable to lumps without introducing impurities to the steel. Commercialization of the agglomeration process provides an economical way to utilize alloy fines that were previously sold at a lower price.
Briquetting of Ferro Manganese Fines & Use in Steel MakingPRABHASH GOKARN
Ferro Manganese(FeMn) is used for alloying & refining of steel. During manufacture of FeMn fines are generated which are not useable (except in small induction furnaces). This paper describes a process for agglomeration of FeMn fines and its use in steel making.
Paper submitted for NMD 2012.
Agglomeration of Ferroalloy Fines for use in Bulk Steelmaking ProcessesPRABHASH GOKARN
International Paper Published in STEEL TECH (ISSN 0976-4232) Vol:7 No:3 in April 2013
Ferroalloys are added as deoxidizing agents and additives to increase strength, elasticity and abrasion & corrosion resistance of steel. The preferred size of ferroalloy lumps for steel making is 10mm – 80 mm to optimize the operational efficiency. Ferroalloy lumps are produced by manual breaking of casted alloy cakes which generates 5-10% fines which cannot be used in bulk steel making process (like the commonly used LD process) because of handing and operational difficulties. Therefore, we at Tata Steel developed an agglomeration process for ferroalloy fines and used the briquettes thus produced for making steel. The developed process described in the paper is an economic, environment friendly and efficient way to utilize the ferroalloy fines in steel making.
The document examines the effect of heat treatment on the hardness and microstructure of En 353 steel. Vickers hardness tests found that heat treatment significantly increased the hardness of the steel case from 193.7 HV before heat treatment to 684.5 HV after. Microstructure images showed the before treatment microstructure was ferrite and spheroidized pearlite, while the after treatment microstructure was fine tempered martensite and retained austenite. X-ray diffraction analysis found the heat treatment reduced crystallite size and dislocation density. The study concludes that heat treatment improves the mechanical properties of En 353 steel by increasing hardness and changing the microstructure.
Stress-Strain of Hotmix Cold Laid Containing Buton Granular Asphat (BGA) with...IJERA Editor
Buton granular asphalt (BGA) is produced from natural rock asphalt. The employment of hotmix cold laid containing BGA with modifier oil base and modifier oil base can substitute hot rolled asphalt (HRA) construction in the remote and distance areas. Natural rock asphalt that deposited in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia is crushed to produce Buton granular asphalt (BGA). BGA and cold modifier were utilized to produce hot mixture that can be laid at cold temperature of 50OC to 27OC.The present study provides the information concerning the stress-strain pattern and compressive strength of hotmix cold laid containing BGA and Modifier Oil Base and Modifier Water Base at the storing and compaction time of 4 hours, 3 days and 7 days.
EFFECT OF IMMERSION IN SEMI SYNTHETICS (30% PETROLEUM OIL) ON COMPRESSION S...Ali I. Al-Mosawi
The mixtures used in the rubber industry to modify the properties of rubber, depending on the
application field in which the character is used rubber whether subjected to mechanical loads or be
in contact with solutions or exposed to sunlight or any other race. These agents are varying the
properties of the reinforced rubber, then this research examines the issue of immersion styrene
butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in cutting fluids used in operation
machines on the rubber pillows supplied with these machines. SBR was reinforced by
(0,5,10,15,20, and 25pphr) PVC and were studied the effects of immersion in semi synthetics
(30% petroleum oil) on the compression strength of SBR-PVC rubber composite for a period of
four weeks. The results obtained showed lower compression strength after immersion in solution
when compared with original material before immersion, and this decrease in strength will
increase, with increases the duration of exposure of the petroleum oil. And the results
demonstrated that the compression strength of SBR will enhance by adding PVC.
Effect of different types of steel fibers with metakaolin & flyIAEME Publication
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of different types of steel fibers with metakaolin and fly ash on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. Three types of steel fibers were used at volumes ranging from 0.5% to 4% by weight of cementitious material. The addition of metakaolin and fly ash at 5% and 10% by weight improved the concrete properties. The results showed that compressive strength increased with steel fiber content up to 3.5%, with round crimped steel fibers performing best. Similarly, split tensile strength also increased up to 3.5% fiber content, with flat crimped fibers giving the highest strength. The study concluded that steel fibers improve the ductility of high
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Metal Matrix b...dbpublications
The document summarizes research on synthesizing aluminum-graphene composites using powder metallurgy and characterizing the resulting material. Specifically, it discusses (1) creating aluminum composites with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% graphene through powder mixing and sintering, (2) analyzing the microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the forged and unforged composites, and (3) concluding that the 0.1% graphene forged composite exhibited the best properties like highest hardness and lowest wear rate due to its high density and uniform graphene dispersion from forging.
Comparison of strength properties of bitumen mixed with waste materials as moIAEME Publication
1. The study compares the strength properties of bitumen mixed with waste materials like low density polyethylene (LDPE) and pulverized tyre waste (PTW) as modifiers.
2. Test results showed that adding 12% PTW and 6% LDPE to bitumen increased its Marshall stability by 30% and 28.46% respectively, and decreased its flow, improving the strength properties.
3. Penetration and softening point values also improved with the modifiers, indicating the bitumen became stiffer with higher resistance to temperature changes. The study concludes using waste materials is an effective way to improve bitumen for pavements while providing eco-friendly disposal of plastics and tyres.
Mechanical properties of rice husk carbon black hybrid natural rubber compositeAlexander Decker
This document investigates the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with hybrid fillers of rice husk and carbon black. Six composite samples were prepared with varying ratios of rice husk to carbon black at a constant filler loading of 50 parts per hundred rubber. Testing showed that with increasing carbon black content, the composites exhibited increased tensile strength, modulus, hardness and abrasion resistance, but decreased elongation at break. Flex fatigue resistance improved with higher carbon black content due to reduced stiffening of the polymer chains. Therefore, the rice husk/carbon black hybrid filler can provide reinforcement for natural rubber where specific end-use mechanical properties are required.
This document summarizes the physical and physico-chemical characterization of iron ore and agglomerates. It discusses several key parameters used to assess iron ore quality for blast furnace use, including:
1. Reducibility Index (RI) and Reduction Degradation Index (RDI), which indicate how easily the iron can be reduced and resistance to degradation during the reduction process.
2. Physical characterization tests such as specific gravity, bulk density, apparent porosity, friability, particle size, and strength to evaluate how materials withstand handling and transportation.
3. Physico-chemical tests like thermal degradation index and reduction degradation index that simulate blast furnace conditions to predict generation of fines.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Study of mechanical and morphological properties of glass fiber reinforced mo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Polymethylmethacrylate and Poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) rubber were used to modify Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin and cured with stoichiometric quantities of the hardener 4,4’ diamino dipheny methane. This modified epoxy resin was used as the matrix for the preparation of glass fiber reinforced composites. E- Glass fiber was used as fiber reinforcement. The morphology and mechanical properties of the composite analysed. Morphological analysis of the fractured surface of the composites indicated good adhesion between the matrix polymer and the glass fibers. Hence an enhancement in mechanical properties of the composite such as tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness has been observed as there has been an effective transfer of the load from the matrix to the fiber. Hence these composites which exhibit high toughness, strength and dimensional stability can be envisaged to provide valuable contribution to high performance structural applications. Keywords: Glass composites, mechanical properties, modified epoxy matrix, morphology and ternary blend
A comparative study of customer experience in café coffee day vs baristaiaemedu
The document presents a comparative study of customer experience at Cafe Coffee Day and Barista coffee chains in India. It provides background information on the growth of coffee culture in India and discusses how globalization influenced the emergence of modern coffee cafe chains. The study examines 25 variables related to customer experience across both chains, including aspects like ambience, products, service quality, and pricing. Statistical analysis of survey data from 146 respondents in Pune revealed that customer perception was unfavorable for a few variables like exterior design, space in aisles, scent, delivery time, and taste/quality of products at the coffee chains.
Integration of biosensors in the biomedical systems choices and outlookiaemedu
This document discusses the integration of biosensors in biomedical systems. It begins by introducing biosensors and their components. Miniaturization and automation are seen as advantageous trends. The criteria for integrating biosensors is then examined, with microelectronic techniques seen as most integrable. Lab-on-a-chip is presented as an example of an almost perfect integrated biosensor cell that promises to be a future technology. Thermal properties that could impact integration are also briefly reviewed. In conclusion, multidisciplinary research is needed for coherent development across different fields to further biosensor integration.
Comparison between training function trainbfg and trainbr in modeling of neur...iaemedu
This document compares two training functions, TRAINBFG and TRAINBR, for modeling a neural network to predict the specific heat capacity of a working fluid (LiBr-H2O) used in vapor absorption refrigeration systems. The neural network model contains one input layer with two nodes (vapor quality and temperature), one hidden layer, and one output layer (specific heat capacity). Both training functions are evaluated based on error metrics like relative error and root mean square error. The results and discussion section will analyze which training function produces the best neural network model for this prediction task based on the error analysis.
Knowledge management strategies in higher educationiaemedu
The document discusses knowledge management strategies in higher education. It begins by explaining the concepts of explicit and implicit knowledge and how knowledge works in higher education. It then discusses trends in knowledge management practices for higher education, including leveraging knowledge to enhance innovation and convergence with research. Finally, it proposes technology solutions like university portals that can integrate tools and resources to improve knowledge sharing and exchange among faculty and students across campuses.
A study on the presence of fecal pollution indicatoriaemedu
This document summarizes a study on the presence of fecal indicator bacteria in Muttukadu back waters in Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons and tested for fecal coliforms using multiple tube fermentation and membrane filtration techniques. Analysis found higher numbers of fecal coliforms during the monsoon season, followed by post-monsoon, and lower numbers in pre-monsoon. Escherichia coli was identified as the dominant fecal indicator present throughout the year, indicating sewage contamination of the water body poses a health risk especially during monsoons.
Early detection of adult valve disease mitral stenosis using the elman artifi...iaemedu
The document discusses using an Elman artificial neural network (ENN) to classify the degree of mitral valve stenosis in ultrasound images. An ENN was trained on M-mode echocardiography images showing mild, moderate or severe stenosis. The ENN demonstrated good performance classifying images into the three categories. Feature extraction was performed using kernel principal component analysis to reduce image pixels to three values as inputs to the ENN. The ENN architecture included input, hidden, connecting and output layers to classify dynamic patterns over time in the ultrasound images.
Women entrepreneurs in beauty clinic industry in tamilnaduiaemedu
This document summarizes a study on women entrepreneurs in the beauty clinic industry in Tamil Nadu, India. The study aimed to identify obstacles faced by women entrepreneurs in beauty parlors and analyze customer satisfaction levels. Data was collected through questionnaires with 350 beauty parlor owners and 450 customers. Factor analysis identified key factors for entrepreneur success including stress handling, commitment, skills optimization, and performance. Multiple regression analysis found pricing strategies, punctuality, quality of work, service quality, facilities, and parking were significant predictors of customer satisfaction. The study concluded that addressing age-specific customer needs and expectations is important to achieve higher satisfaction.
Software metric analysis methods for product developmentiaemedu
This document discusses various software metrics and methods for analyzing metrics to improve the software development process. It begins with an introduction to software metrics and their importance for project management. It then describes common software development phases and associated metrics that can be collected at each phase, such as lines of code, defects, and staff hours. The document proceeds to explain different types of charts and diagrams that can be used to analyze and visualize metrics data, including pie charts, Pareto diagrams, histograms, line charts, scatter plots, radar diagrams, and control charts. These various analysis methods help identify problems, determine correlations, and track performance over time in order to control and improve the software development process.
Software process methodologies and a comparative study of various modelsiaemedu
This document provides a summary of different software process methodologies including the waterfall model, iterative model, extreme programming (XP), ISO standards, CMMI, Six Sigma, formal methods, and agile model. It compares these methods and discusses where each is best applied based on factors like project type, risk, and industry. The waterfall model is described as the traditional sequential approach while agile methods embrace adaptive planning and iterative development.
Prediction of behaviour in forming of sintered copper 10%tungsten nano powder...IAEME Publication
The document discusses experimental investigations to predict the deformation behavior of sintered copper-10% tungsten nano composite during cold upset forming. High-energy mechanical milling was used to produce Cu and W nano powders. Cylindrical preforms with initial theoretical density of 85% and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were cold pressed and sintered. The preforms underwent incremental cold deformation testing. Relationships between stress, strain, density ratio, and other parameters were evaluated to understand the densification behavior during forming.
The document summarizes research on producing lead-free copper-reinforced aluminum matrix composites using powder metallurgy. Tests were conducted on composites with 0%, 4%, 7%, and 10% copper additions. Results showed that higher copper content increased density, hardness, and wear resistance while decreasing porosity. Micrographs revealed denser microstructures and pore shrinkage with sintering. Composites with 4-10% copper met market hardness standards while being 3.5 times lighter than lead composites, indicating potential as alternative automotive materials.
Influence of RGO and Fly-Ash on Cement Composite at Elevated TemperaturesIRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the influence of adding reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and fly ash to ordinary Portland cement concrete composites. Samples were made with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% RGO and 20% fly ash by weight. Testing found that RGO and fly ash can increase compressive and tensile strength by filling pores, and help maintain properties at elevated temperatures up to 600°C. Overall, RGO and fly ash showed potential as promising fillers for ordinary Portland cement.
Effect of Fly Ash Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Zn-22%Al Alloy vi...IOSR Journals
In the present investigation, a Zn-22%Al alloy is used as the matrix material and fly ash as the filler material. The composite is produced using powder metallurgy techniques. The fly ash is added in 2%, 4%, and 6% by wt% to the sintering metal. The composite is tested for hardness, density and tensile strength test. Microstructure examination is done using a high resolution optical microscope to obtain the distribution of fly ash in the Zn-Al matrix. Test results indicate that as fly ash content is increased, there is a considerable increase in hardness and tensile strength but decrease in density.
IRJET - An Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the partial replacement of cement with poultry waste (egg shell powder) and corn cob ash in concrete. Concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms were cast with cement replaced at 5%, 10%, and 15% ratios. The specimens were tested after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results show the mechanical properties of concrete are maintained or increased with the partial replacements. Using these agricultural and poultry wastes helps reduce the cost of construction and provides an eco-friendly way of managing these wastes.
Study on Flexural and Shear Behaviour of Metalized Plastic Waste Fibre Reinfo...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the flexural and shear behavior of concrete reinforced with metalized plastic waste (MPW) fibers. MPW is a non-biodegradable waste that is difficult to recycle. The study used MPW fibers added at 0-1% by volume to replace cement in concrete mixtures containing 10% silica fume. Workability decreased as fiber content increased, with 0.25% fiber providing optimal workability. Compressive and flexural strength generally decreased as fiber content increased, though splitting tensile strength initially increased up to 0.5% fiber. Beams tested in flexure showed MPW fiber reinforcement improved crack resistance and limited crack propagation compared to control beams without fibers.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Metakaolin Modified Fiber Reinforced Con...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally investigates the effects of adding metakaolin and steel fibers to concrete. Metakaolin contents ranged from 5-25% by weight of cement, while steel fiber contents ranged from 1-9%.
2) Testing of compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and shear strength cubes, cylinders, and beams showed that the addition of metakaolin and steel fibers can improve the mechanical properties of concrete. 3) The highest strengths were observed with the addition of 3% steel fibers and 10% metakaolin. Workability was reduced with increased fiber and metakaolin content.
Comparison of performance of the bonded and loosely bonded magnetic abrasiveseSAT Journals
Abstract In modern industry presently requirement of finely finished surface has been the major demand as per the technological advancements. in comparison to conventional machining methods the unconventional machining methods provide better surface finish .Magnetic abrasive finishing is a process which is able to remove the material at micro/nano from the metallic and non metallic surfaces . The magnetic abrasives play the major role in MAF. Literature reveals different techniques such as sintering, plasma, chemical etc. for manufacturing of bonded magnetic abrasives in present paper the bonded abrasives are prepared by sintering and is used for internal finishing of brass tubes. The rough bored brass samples are finely finished by newly developed magnetic abrasives and loosely bonded abrasives prepared by silicone gel and the comparison of performance was studied. The material removal rate was also studied.
IRJET- Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminu...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum composites reinforced with boron carbide, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes. Three composites were fabricated through stir casting: an unreinforced aluminum alloy, one with 2.5wt% boron carbide and 2.5wt% silicon carbide, and one with those reinforcements plus 0.1wt% carbon nanotubes. Testing showed that the reinforced composites had higher hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy. The composite with all three reinforcements had the best properties, with an increase in tensile strength and ductility over the other composite. Microstructural analysis confirmed homogeneous distribution of the
IRJET- Use of Ceramic Powder in the Construction of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined using ceramic powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixes used for rigid pavements. Concrete mixtures were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of cement with ceramic powder passing a 75μm sieve. Specimens were tested for compressive strength, workability, flexural strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus at various ages. Results showed properties remained within usable limits up to 30% cement replacement. Above 30% replacement, strength gradually decreased. The study concluded ceramic powder concrete can efficiently be used in rigid pavements up to 30% cement replacement, as it increases durability and provides a solution for reusing ceramic waste.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of alloying elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of ductile cast iron. Specifically:
- Copper and manganese content increase the amount of pearlite in the microstructure. Copper has a larger effect than manganese.
- Increasing magnesium content increases nodularity and improves mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength and hardness. However, properties decrease with increasing casting thickness.
- Higher post-inoculation levels result in smaller graphite nodules and improved metallurgical quality.
- Wear resistance decreases slightly with increasing magnesium content and nodularity. Wear increases with temperature in air but decreases slightly in arg
The document summarizes the results of an experimental study on the shear strength properties of mixtures containing fly ash, electroplating waste sludge, and cement. Undrained unconsolidated triaxial compression tests were performed on cylindrical specimens at different curing periods. The following key results were reported:
1) The maximum shear strength of 2.48 MPa was achieved for a mixture containing 47% fly ash, 45% waste sludge, and 8% cement after 90 days of curing, compared to only 0.10 MPa for fly ash alone.
2) Increasing the waste sludge content and curing time improved the shear strength and shear strength parameters of the mixtures. The mixture with 60% fly
Studies on Strength Characteristics of Pond Ash Replaced Fibre Reinforced Pav...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the strength characteristics of concrete with pond ash used to replace fine aggregate at various percentages. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of the pond ash and other materials. Concrete mixes were designed with 0-60% replacement of fine aggregate with pond ash. Compressive strength tests on cubes at different curing ages found that 20% replacement of fine aggregate with pond ash produced the optimum strength for both reinforced and unreinforced concrete.
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of en19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
This document describes an experimental study that used grey relational analysis to optimize surface grinding parameters for EN19 alloy steel using water-based nanofluids. The study considered nanofluid type (Al2O3 and CuO), nanofluid concentration (2-6%), depth of cut (5-10um), and feed rate (1000-2500mm/min) as process parameters. Multiple responses including surface roughness, temperature, grinding wheel wear, and material removal rate were measured. Grey relational analysis was used to convert the multi-response optimization into a single response problem to simplify the optimization. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine significant process parameters affecting the grey relational grade. The optimal levels of parameters were selected and a confirmation
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of EN19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
Conventional grinding fluid is widely used in grinding process, which results in high consumption and impacting the environment. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is alternative source for the Conventional grinding process. In this study, Water based nanofluid applied to grinding process with MQL approach for its excellent convection heat transfer and thermal conductivity properties.
To Investigate the Compressive Strength Properties of an Iron Slag, Wood Wool...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the compressive strength properties of a material composed of iron slag, wood wool, and EPS beads. Various mix ratios of the materials were tested after curing periods of 14 and 28 days. The compressive strength ranged from 670-1830 kPa and was influenced by the mix ratio and curing time. Density also varied with EPS bead percentage and mix ratio. Failure patterns under compression loading showed both vertical and diagonal cracking. The study concluded that compressive strength and density of the material depended on the mix ratio and curing period.
Experimental Investigations on Tribiological Properties of 6061-T6 Al Alloy b...IJAEMSJORNAL
Microstructure and tribological properties of Al-TiB2 nano surface composite fabricated by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) were evaluated. To vary the percentage of TiB2 three different slot thickness viz. 1mm, 1.5 mm and 2mm were considered. Microstructural evaluations showed a nearly uniform distribution of TiB2 in the aluminium matrix after FSP with the addition of composite powder. Microhardness test results shoes FSW of Al6061-T6 alloy with 2mm groove width has more hardness. tribological properties were evaluated at two different sliding velocities 0.314m/s and 0.48m/s and results shows that at lower loads there is no much difference in wear rate of surface composite made with different slot sizes but with increase in load and sliding velocity wear rate was increased , however, larger slot Al6061-TiB2 Surface composites show better wear resistance.
The document summarizes research on the structure characterization of a Ti-15Mo-5Sn alloy prepared by mechanical alloying. Powders of the alloy were milled for various times and then analyzed. It was found that after 5 hours of milling, tin reflections disappeared from X-ray diffraction patterns, indicating alloying of tin into the titanium matrix. With increased milling time, the particle size decreased and crystallite size reduced, reaching a maximum reduction after 45 hours of milling. After 30-45 hours, the formation of a beta titanium phase was observed, comprising 46% of the final composition. The mechanical alloying process successfully produced a titanium-based solid solution alloy with refined microstructure.
By-Products of Steel Industry as a Complementary Material in ConstructionIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the use of steel industry by-products, slag and slag sand, as partial replacements for river sand and ordinary Portland cement in cement mortar.
The compressive strength of mortar cubes containing 30% slag sand replacement of river sand was 38.71N/mm2 at 90 days, 17% higher than the reference. Mortar with 35% slag replacement of cement achieved 41.84N/mm2 at 90 days, 23% higher than the reference. Blending 30% slag and slag sand yielded 39.37N/mm2 at 90 days, an 18% increase over the reference.
Microstructural analysis using EDS, SEM and XRD confirmed the presence of calcium,
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Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Effective broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks using gridiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new grid-based broadcasting mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks. The paper argues that flooding approaches to broadcasting are inefficient and cause network congestion. The proposed approach divides the network into a hierarchical grid structure. When a node needs to broadcast a message, it sends the message to the first node in the appropriate grid, which is then responsible for updating and forwarding the message within that grid. Simulation results showed the grid-based approach outperformed other broadcasting protocols and was more reliable, efficient and scalable.
Effect of scenario environment on the performance of mane ts routingiaemedu
The document analyzes the effect of scenario environment on the performance of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It studies AODV performance under different scenarios varying network size, maximum node speed, and pause time. The performance is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best in some scenarios and worse in others, indicating that scenario parameters significantly impact routing protocol performance in MANETs.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
The document discusses semantic web services and their challenges. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, and OIL which are used to build semantic web services. The semantic web architecture adds semantics to web services through ontologies written in OWL and DAML+OIL. Key approaches to semantic web services include annotation, composition, and addressing privacy and security. However, semantic web services still face challenges in achieving their full potential due to issues in representation, reasoning, and a lack of real-world applications and data.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modificationiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.