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@ESRIDublin
Investigating the impact of the environment
on health using spatially-linked data
DATE
5th April 2019
VENUE
ESRI
AUTHORS
Philip Carthy
Seraphim Dempsey
Seán Lyons
Ciarán Mac Domhnaill
Anne Nolan
@ESRIDublin2 5 April 2019
Introduction
• Physical environment an important
component of the ‘social determinants of
health’ (WHO, 2008)
• Direct and indirect effects of
environmental conditions on health and
wellbeing
• But there are methodological challenges
@ESRIDublin5 April 20193
• Link spatially-coded individual-level
micro-data with data on environmental
exposures
• Survey micro-data from The Irish
Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
• And now also Healthy Ireland
• Environmental exposure data on radon,
green and blue spaces, noise, etc.
Our Approach
@ESRIDublin4 5 April 2019
@ESRIDublin5 5 April 2019
@ESRIDublin5 April 20196
• Increasing urbanisation → health and
well-being effects
• Obesity a major public health concern
• Causes of obesity multi-faceted, but
increasing focus on environmental factors
• Literature on association between green
space and obesity presents mixed
evidence (Lachowycz and Jones, 2011)
Urban Green Space and Obesity
@ESRIDublin5 April 20197
• Nationally-representative longitudinal
survey of the over 50s
• Surveyed every 2 years since 2010
• Economic, social and health components
• Data collected from face-to-face
interviews, self-completion questionnaires
and clinical health assessments
• Approximately 8,000 observations
TILDA
@ESRIDublin5 April 20198
• Satellite imagery used to create highly detailed
land-use maps of urban areas within the EU
• Circular 1.6km buffer drawn around each TILDA
residence
• Greenness of locality = amount of green space
within this buffer zone as a proportion of the
total buffer zone area
Calculating Green Space Exposure
@ESRIDublin5 April 20199
Calculating Green Space Exposure
@ESRIDublin5 April 201910
• Satellite imagery used to create highly detailed
land-use maps of urban areas within the EU
• Circular 1.6km buffer drawn around each TILDA
residence
• Greenness of locality = amount of green space
within this buffer zone as a proportion of the
total buffer zone area
• Divided into quintiles to protect anonymity
Calculating Green Space Exposure
@ESRIDublin5 April 201911
• Estimate a binary probit model of BMI>=30 (i.e.,
obese):
Pr 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑖𝑖 = 1,0| 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖, 𝑋𝑋 = Φ 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽0 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 + ∑ 𝛽𝛽𝑘𝑘 𝑋𝑋𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
• 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 is quintile of green space
• 𝑋𝑋𝑘𝑘 is a vector of other controls (age, sex, marital
status, income, education, employment status,
public health insurance cover, smoking status,
mobility)
Methods
@ESRIDublin5 April 201912
Distribution of BMI
@ESRIDublin5 April 201913
Results
@ESRIDublin5 April 201914
• Alternative model specification (i.e.,
ordered probit)
• Stratification by sex
Robustness Checks
@ESRIDublin5 April 201915
• What might explain our findings?
• Selection
Discussion
@ESRIDublin5 April 201916
• What might explain our findings?
• Selection
• Type of green space
Discussion
@ESRIDublin5 April 201917
Discussion
@ESRIDublin5 April 201918
• What might explain our findings?
• Selection
• Type of green space
• Accessibility of green space
Discussion
@ESRIDublin5 April 201919
@ESRIDublin5 April 201920
• Green space associated with obesity in
the older population
• U-shaped relationship highlights
importance of accessibility as well as
availability
• Further analysis of possible mechanisms
(e.g., physical activity, gait, etc.)
• Attempt to identify causality
Summary/Next Steps
@ESRIDublin5 April 201921
• Effects of other environmental exposures on
human health
• Noise (EPA-funded NOISE-HEALTH)
• Air Pollution (collaboration with TCD Engineering)
Future Work
@ESRIDublin5 April 201922
Radon
@ESRIDublin5 April 201923
• Effects of other environmental exposures on
human health
• Noise (EPA-funded NOISE-HEALTH)
• Air Pollution (collaboration with TCD Engineering)
• Scoping out new survey data sources
• Assessing the health and wellbeing impacts of
being a citizen scientist (biodiversity data
recorder), in collaboration with the NBDC
Future Work
@ESRIDublin5 April 201924
Funders and Collaborators
@ESRIDublin5 April 201925
Extra Slides
@ESRIDublin5 April 201926
Radon

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Investigating the impact of the environment on health using spatially-linked data

  • 1. @ESRIDublin Investigating the impact of the environment on health using spatially-linked data DATE 5th April 2019 VENUE ESRI AUTHORS Philip Carthy Seraphim Dempsey Seán Lyons Ciarán Mac Domhnaill Anne Nolan
  • 2. @ESRIDublin2 5 April 2019 Introduction • Physical environment an important component of the ‘social determinants of health’ (WHO, 2008) • Direct and indirect effects of environmental conditions on health and wellbeing • But there are methodological challenges
  • 3. @ESRIDublin5 April 20193 • Link spatially-coded individual-level micro-data with data on environmental exposures • Survey micro-data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) • And now also Healthy Ireland • Environmental exposure data on radon, green and blue spaces, noise, etc. Our Approach
  • 6. @ESRIDublin5 April 20196 • Increasing urbanisation → health and well-being effects • Obesity a major public health concern • Causes of obesity multi-faceted, but increasing focus on environmental factors • Literature on association between green space and obesity presents mixed evidence (Lachowycz and Jones, 2011) Urban Green Space and Obesity
  • 7. @ESRIDublin5 April 20197 • Nationally-representative longitudinal survey of the over 50s • Surveyed every 2 years since 2010 • Economic, social and health components • Data collected from face-to-face interviews, self-completion questionnaires and clinical health assessments • Approximately 8,000 observations TILDA
  • 8. @ESRIDublin5 April 20198 • Satellite imagery used to create highly detailed land-use maps of urban areas within the EU • Circular 1.6km buffer drawn around each TILDA residence • Greenness of locality = amount of green space within this buffer zone as a proportion of the total buffer zone area Calculating Green Space Exposure
  • 10. @ESRIDublin5 April 201910 • Satellite imagery used to create highly detailed land-use maps of urban areas within the EU • Circular 1.6km buffer drawn around each TILDA residence • Greenness of locality = amount of green space within this buffer zone as a proportion of the total buffer zone area • Divided into quintiles to protect anonymity Calculating Green Space Exposure
  • 11. @ESRIDublin5 April 201911 • Estimate a binary probit model of BMI>=30 (i.e., obese): Pr 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑖𝑖 = 1,0| 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖, 𝑋𝑋 = Φ 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽0 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 + ∑ 𝛽𝛽𝑘𝑘 𝑋𝑋𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 • 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 is quintile of green space • 𝑋𝑋𝑘𝑘 is a vector of other controls (age, sex, marital status, income, education, employment status, public health insurance cover, smoking status, mobility) Methods
  • 14. @ESRIDublin5 April 201914 • Alternative model specification (i.e., ordered probit) • Stratification by sex Robustness Checks
  • 15. @ESRIDublin5 April 201915 • What might explain our findings? • Selection Discussion
  • 16. @ESRIDublin5 April 201916 • What might explain our findings? • Selection • Type of green space Discussion
  • 18. @ESRIDublin5 April 201918 • What might explain our findings? • Selection • Type of green space • Accessibility of green space Discussion
  • 20. @ESRIDublin5 April 201920 • Green space associated with obesity in the older population • U-shaped relationship highlights importance of accessibility as well as availability • Further analysis of possible mechanisms (e.g., physical activity, gait, etc.) • Attempt to identify causality Summary/Next Steps
  • 21. @ESRIDublin5 April 201921 • Effects of other environmental exposures on human health • Noise (EPA-funded NOISE-HEALTH) • Air Pollution (collaboration with TCD Engineering) Future Work
  • 23. @ESRIDublin5 April 201923 • Effects of other environmental exposures on human health • Noise (EPA-funded NOISE-HEALTH) • Air Pollution (collaboration with TCD Engineering) • Scoping out new survey data sources • Assessing the health and wellbeing impacts of being a citizen scientist (biodiversity data recorder), in collaboration with the NBDC Future Work