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1. Introduction to
Transformers
Transformers are critical components in power transmission and distribution
systems, converting voltages to enable efficient electricity transmission. They
come in various types, each designed for specific applications and requirements.
This presentation will explore the key differences and selection criteria for
distribution and power transformers.
Sa
1. Shivani Bokde
2. Vaibhav Hajara
3. Anshika Danga

2. Comparison of Distribution Transformer and
and Power Transformer
Distribution Transformer
Transformer
Smaller in size, used to step down
down voltages for local
distribution to residential and
commercial customers.
Power Transformer
Larger units used for high-
voltage transmission, stepping
voltage
stepping voltages up or down
between the generator and
distribution system.
Key Differences
Power rating, voltage levels,
cooling requirements, and physical
footprint are some of the main
distinctions between the two
transformer types.

3. Selection Criteria for Distribution Transformer
Transformer
1 Load Requirements
Assess the expected load profile and size the
transformer accordingly to ensure efficient and
reliable service.
2 Voltage Regulation
Choose a transformer that can maintain voltage
voltage levels within acceptable limits, even
under varying load conditions.
3 Footprint and Accessibility
Consider the physical size and placement
requirements, especially in space-
constrained urban areas.
constrained
4 Safety and Compliance
Ensure the transformer meets all relevant safety
safety standards and regulatory requirements.
requirements.

4. Selection Criteria for Power Transformer
Capacity and Voltage Levels
Carefully match the transformer's power rating and
rating and voltage transformation capabilities to the
to the specific needs of the transmission system.
system.
Efficiency and Losses
Choose a transformer design that minimizes energy
losses and operates at a high efficiency level to
reduce operating costs.
Cooling and Insulation
Ensure the cooling and insulation systems can
handle the high thermal and electrical stresses
stresses encountered in power transmission.
Reliability and Maintenance
Prioritize a transformer with a proven track record of
record of reliable operation and easy, cost-
effective maintenance.
effective

5. Key Factors in Transformer Selection
1
Application Needs
Understand the specific requirements of the
power system, such as voltage levels, load
profiles, and environmental conditions. 2 Efficiency and Losses
Evaluate the transformer's efficiency and how
and how it impacts the overall system's
energy consumption and operating costs.
costs.
3
Reliability and Maintenance
Consider the transformer's expected lifespan,
lifespan, maintenance requirements, and
and ability to withstand electrical and
environmental stresses.

6. Transformer Efficiency and Losses
No-Load Losses
Losses that occur even
when the transformer is
is not under load, due to
to magnetic circuit
energization.
Load Losses
Losses that increase with
the square of the load
current, caused by
winding and eddy current
resistance.
Total Losses
The sum of no-load and
and load losses, which
determine the overall
efficiency and operating
operating costs.
Efficiency
Ratio of output power to
to input power, a key
metric in selecting the
optimal transformer for
for the application.

7. Transformer Cooling and Insulation Systems
Transformer Core
Core
The magnetic core
carries the flux and is a
is a major source of
heat generation.
Winding Coils
Copper windings carry
carry the electric
current and contribute
contribute to heat
production.
Cooling Systems
Vital for removing heat,
heat, using methods
like oil, air, or water
circulation.
Insulation
Provides electrical
isolation and
withstands high
voltages and
temperatures.

8. Transformer Maintenance and Monitoring
Maintenance Tasks Monitoring Techniques
Oil sampling and analysis Dissolved gas analysis (DGA)
Winding resistance tests Insulation resistance testing
Tap changer inspection Thermography and vibration analysis
Bushing and insulator checks Partial discharge monitoring

9. Conclusion and Recommendations
In conclusion, the selection of distribution and power transformers requires a careful evaluation of factors such as
capacity, efficiency, reliability, and maintenance requirements. By understanding these key criteria, power system
engineers can optimize transformer performance, minimize operational costs, and ensure reliable electricity supply.