Introduction Adolescent Fatherhood has become a common occurrence in today’s society. The challenge of motherhood and teen pregnancy has been looked into in depth. However, most of research programs mainly focus on teenage pregnancy which means that the girl child is given more priority than the father of the child in such situations, researchers and government agencies suggests that fathers are absent. The lack of attention given to adolescent fathers by social workers, health-care practitioners, and Adolescent Fatherhood is not researched adequately which means that the industry should put more effort in providing adequate information about these young fathers. The lack of focus has made the teenage father face many psychological problems without help from the society that has bred them(Mollborn, & Lovegrove, 2010). Thesis This paper will address the critical role played by the social workers and community leaders in helping the adolescent fathers deal with the problems they experience at their age. The Psychological issues will be properly addressed as they affect the behavior of that father. Moreover, the relationship between the adolescent father and the child will be put into context. Adolescent fathers Adolescent fathers are the young boys who become fathers when they are still in their adolescence. The reason adolescent fathers have been previously neglected is the lack of concern with the role a man plays from infancy to childhood. There are also some social prejudicial and social-structural factors that are particular to adolescent fathers that have led to their neglect. Since adolescent fathers are not married at the time of conception and birth, they end up being excluded from taking part in the birth and early care of the child. Some of the factors that are related to the increased risk of adolescent fatherhood include poor academic achievement, being born from a teenage mother, early initiation into sexual activities, and low-income. Psychological and social issues faced by adolescent fathers Adolescent fathers suffer from anxiety and depression due to the burden of having to deal with their new state of fatherhood. They are expected to provide for their children and the mothers of these children yet most of them can barely take care of themselves. The society has branded adolescent fathers as being sexually reckless youth who do not take responsibility for their children and their mothers. Adolescent fathers end up being disowned by their parents and treated as outcasts by the society. Environmental factors that affect adolescent fathers There are some environmental factors that affect adolescent fathers. One of these factors is educational and occupational barriers. These barriers limit the male capacity of these adolescent fathers to assume their parental responsibilities. They often face the pressure of continuing with formal education and on the other hand pressure to offer financial assistance to their child and the m.

1. Introduction
Adolescent Fatherhood has become a common occurrence in
today’s society. The challenge of motherhood and teen
pregnancy has been looked into in depth. However, most of
research programs mainly focus on teenage pregnancy which
means that the girl child is given more priority than the father
of the child in such situations, researchers and government
agencies suggests that fathers are absent. The lack of attention
given to adolescent fathers by social workers, health-care
practitioners, and Adolescent Fatherhood is not researched
adequately which means that the industry should put more effort
in providing adequate information about these young fathers.
The lack of focus has made the teenage father face many
psychological problems without help from the society that has
bred them(Mollborn, & Lovegrove, 2010).
Thesis
This paper will address the critical role played by the social
workers and community leaders in helping the adolescent
fathers deal with the problems they experience at their age. The
Psychological issues will be properly addressed as they affect
the behavior of that father. Moreover, the relationship between
the adolescent father and the child will be put into context.
Adolescent fathers
Adolescent fathers are the young boys who become fathers when
they are still in their adolescence. The reason adolescent fathers
have been previously neglected is the lack of concern with the
role a man plays from infancy to childhood. There are also

2. some social prejudicial and social-structural factors that are
particular to adolescent fathers that have led to their neglect.
Since adolescent fathers are not married at the time of
conception and birth, they end up being excluded from taking
part in the birth and early care of the child. Some of the factors
that are related to the increased risk of adolescent fatherhood
include poor academic achievement, being born from a teenage
mother, early initiation into sexual activities, and low-income.
Psychological and social issues faced by adolescent fathers
Adolescent fathers suffer from anxiety and depression due to
the burden of having to deal with their new state of fatherhood.
They are expected to provide for their children and the mothers
of these children yet most of them can barely take care of
themselves. The society has branded adolescent fathers as being
sexually reckless youth who do not take responsibility for their
children and their mothers. Adolescent fathers end up being
disowned by their parents and treated as outcasts by the society.
Environmental factors that affect adolescent fathers
There are some environmental factors that affect adolescent
fathers. One of these factors is educational and occupational
barriers. These barriers limit the male capacity of these
adolescent fathers to assume their parental responsibilities.
They often face the pressure of continuing with formal
education and on the other hand pressure to offer financial
assistance to their child and the mother.
The role of social workers in addressing issues faced by
adolescent fathers
Adolescent fathers are often criticized and stigmatized by the
society. Social workers should show equal concern to
adolescent fathers like they do to adolescent mothers. They
should not sideline adolescent fathers but embrace them in their
programs. Social workers should provide the adolescent fathers
support on parenting issues (Lyra, & Medrado, 2014). The
concept of parenthood is new to adolescent fathers hence the
social workers should guide them on what is expected of them
as fathers. Social workers should also help adolescent fathers

3. make strides in other areas of their lives such as work or even
go back to school. This will help them become responsible
hence be able to take care of their children and their mothers.
Current programs for adolescent fathers set by the government
There are several initiatives that have been put in place by the
government to cater to the needs of adolescent fathers. One of
these programs is support groups put in place to assist
adolescent fathers. In these support groups, the members are
assisted in dealing with issues such as communication, father’s
needs, problem-solving and community links. Another program
is counseling meant for adolescent fathers to provide them with
support and assistance with what they are going through.
An overview of adolescent fathers
Adolescent fathers are often not allowed to take part in the lives
of their children. Most of the adolescent fathers are termed as
absentee fathers regardless of the effort they put into trying to
be part of their children’s lives.
The predominant concern of the girl child over the boy child
means that the boy child will end up being neglected. It means
that the boy child will be receiving no guidance hence end up
unruly and misbehaved. The other disadvantage is that the boy
child will feel neglected and hence act out so as to get attention
(Miller, 1997). This can be in the form of crime or violent
behavior.
The psychological issues of adolescent fathers are due to the
negative perception the society has about them. The society
views adolescent fathers as losers, and hence they end up
thinking of themselves in this light. Adolescent fathers feel they
have let themselves, their families, and their children down.
Psychological and social issues faced by adolescent fathers can
be addressed through counseling. Adolescent fathers can be
offered counseling on how they can be good fathers. The
adolescent fathers can also receive continuous sex education to
avoid them getting more children. One of the current measures
taken by the government in favor of adolescent fathers includes
setting up counseling programs to assist them in their journey to

4. parenthood.
Conclusion
The issue of adolescent fatherhood has become very common
today. Adolescent Fatherhood has some negative impacts on
these young fathers; there is the need to look at these impacts so
as to come up with appropriate solutions. Stakeholders such as
social workers and the government should strive to ensure that
adolescent fathers transition well into their new roles.
Recommendation
There is the need to come up with programs that focus on the
boy child. These programs should guide the boy child on what is
expected of them from the society. There should also be
programs that offer guidance to adolescent fathers regarding
how they should behave and lead their lives.
References
Elster, A. (2006). Adolescent fatherhood. Hillsdale, N.J.: L.
Erlbaum Associates.
Kiselica, M. (2008). When boys become parents adolescent
fatherhood in America. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers
University Press.
Lyra, J., & Medrado, B. (2014). Pregnancy, Marriage and
Fatherhood in Adolescents: A Critical Review of the Literature.
International Handbook of Adolescent Pregnancy, 103-128.
Miller, D.B. (1997). Adolescent Fathers: What We Know and
What We Need to Know. Child and Adolescent Social Work
Journal, 14.1, 55-69.
Mollborn, S., & Lovegrove, P. (2010). How Teenage Fathers
Matter for Children: Evidence From the ECLS-B. Journal of
Family Issues, 3-30.

5. LEADING A CAREER IN FINANCE
Nanotechnology 5
Course name*:
Nanotechnology
Keith Williams
Abstract
Nanotechnology may be the term which refers to the study and
to the technological applications of the Nano metric degree,
respectively to the actual manipulation of subject at an atomic
and molecular scale. As a result of speculation surrounding the
actual potential applications of nanotechnology a tremendous
number of issues arose linked with the effects the applications
may include on our society should they would be developed and
also the measures that need to be taken to take on these risks. It
is thus necessary to check out the ways through which
nanotechnology is thought and portrayed in literary works and
in motion pictures, as well as to assess the function that such
imaginaries enjoy in innovation processes and also the influence
that they might have on the population perception of this new
technology.

6. Nanotechnology
Along with first visionary suggestions of nanotechnology, ideas
about its potential cultural and interpersonal impacts were
articulated (Drexler 1986). Once the US National
Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) was launched in 2000, this
system included from the very beginning funding with regard to
"societal and honorable implications of nanotechnology".
Engineers and policy makers apparently have learned from your
past, notably from your consumer disaster using genetically
modified affected individual and from debates in regards to the
Human Genome Task, that ethical and sociological reflection
should accompany instead of follow technological investigation
and development. Therefore they invite your cultural and social
sciences that can help analyze and mediate achievable conflicts.
That seems to be a great chance for cultural and social scientists
to activate in partnership designs with scientists and engineers
such that both groups can immensely gain from each other, for
your overall benefit with the society, provided that both groups
learn from each other and respect their unique perspectives,
goals, and problem approaches.
At the present state, however, cultural and social scientists
hoping to partner with people and engineers to be effective on
"societal along with ethical implications regarding
nanotechnology" are confronted with two problems which can
be caused by nanotechnology's immaturity. Nanotechnology's
immaturity carries a conceptual and a new social aspect which
can be both relevant in this article. Conceptually, the lack
regarding meaningful definitions regarding nanotechnology has
led to the current situation that in most the science along with
engineering disciplines analysts relabeled their cutting-edge do
the job "nano", without having much new in keeping and
without exhibiting any remarkable penetration of

7. interdisciplinary (Schumer 2004a/b). In their normal situation
of media hype, cultural and social scientists could have
difficulties to decide what studies should really count as
"nano", such that their choices may depend rather on media
coverage and experienced promises than around the
particularities of the particular research project.
The prevailing articulation connected with nanotechnology in
visionary terms would be the social aspect connected with
nanotechnology's immaturity, which brings about the second,
more important problem. The media will surely have a
significant influence around the public image connected with
science and technologies, in the particular case nanotechnology.
This is true specifically if only a % of the people only comes
directly into contact with this kind of fields of research. Mass
media reporting serves to increase awareness of determined
topics, informs about latest debates involving a wide variety of
actors who need to be heard and hence also prepares any basis
for upcoming social debates. 1 Individuals is introduced to
central tasks of technical applications, which also include the
opportunities and risks associated with the new technologies.
Quality newspapers are characterized by their focus on group,
comprising persons with a specific interest in national events in
addition to information and who are of significance because
multipliers for opinion formation between the national public.
Concurrently, mass media being an ongoing observer7 from the
public can help with determining the significance on the topic
for the population discussion. For each country, two print media
were investigated, the investigation period extending over ten
years (2000-2009):
– Der Standard and Die Presse (A)
– Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and die Süddeutsche Zeitung
(D)
– Neue Züricher Zeitung and der Tagesanzeiger (CH)
Nanotechnology Many Forms of DevelopmentComputer
Hardware

8. Interest with nanotech is solid because standard silicon methods
have nearly attained their limit--CPUs as well as similar
products cannot get much scaled-down with current
technologies because makers cannot keep stuffing a lot more
transistors in a similar space. With nanotech, they can.
Materials shrunk to some billionths of a new meter go nuts.
Magnets demagnetize, and conventional methods of
semiconductor info processing--used for sets from storing data
for you to moving bits as well as bytes around your current PC--
don't work. But however the rules changes they may be
exploited in methods offer more, not less, functionality as well
as speed. And it is going to all eventually cost less, too.
This is the world of nanotechnology, and you're already
beginning to live in this. "The whole trillion-dollar IT industry
is based on the continuing travel of miniaturization, " says
Thomas Thesis, overseer of physical sciences on IBM's Watson
Study Center. Imagine, they says, how big in which economy
can be when you can get a zillion times the complexness of
today's information systems with the same dollars.Sporting
Equipment
Nanotechnology as being a disruptive technology possesses
impacted every sphere in our daily life and sport isn't a
exception. Nano-enhanced sporting equipment’s are a lot more
performance-enhancing and superior in terms of strength,
stiffness, and durability as compared to conventional sporting
equipment’s. Various companies are discovering more
innovative suggestions to implement nanotechnology intended
for improving sports equipment even further. Quite a few
prominent sports persons are opting to own nano-incorporated
sporting equipment’s to boost their performances. Even so,
being an expensive technology, nano-enhanced sporting
equipment’s cannot be afforded by just about every sportsperson
and unless of course each competent player is given identical
sporting equipment, it will be unfair and difficult to evaluate
the natural having ability and human being spirit. Therefore, the

9. ultimate goal for being achieved is always to push the
restrictions of performance levels rather than pushing the price
tag on high-tech sporting equipment’s. Furthermore, in order to
deal with the possible toxicity issues related to nano-enhanced
sporting equipment’s, a suitable monitoring of their
manufacturing processes, period of make use of and disposal is
required to prohibit the relieve of nanoparticles on account of
degradation or some other reason.Nanotechnology impact on
American culture and other developed nations
The actual impact of nanotechnology performs the vital role in
the event of human culture in the United States. The social
along with cultural influences of nanotechnology modify the
society and still provide new industrial revolution and that can
enable anything at all from immorality and paradise that is
known top of extinction in the human race in the case of the
United Declares. The immaturity of nanotechnology is too early
or too late with the culture scientists to interact in debate. The
culture in US has influenced positively by nanotechnology.
The nanotechnology is rolling out culture within and outside the
United States. The nanotechnology applications are utilized by
people in US. Nowadays in US no one youngster is presented
without any mobile phone by positive influence of
nanotechnology in US .The modern convenience has been a key
player in obesity of United States. The desktop, television and
other type of technological elements have led the Americans for
seeking and even more sedentary lifestyle. The nanotechnology
is played a very lot and hence the modification of the United
States culture is grown up every year.
Within other developing international locations, the
nanotechnology plays in the human culture very huge as well as
the nanotechnology becomes the a part of human life. This
enables the man function and way of life in developing
international locations and America. The technology is also
played a crucial role in increasing education department of
America and other developing countries. Within current days

10. training of younger get develop by nanotechnology. In case
there is education, the apps of nanotechnology usually are
internet and personal computers. This is this significant
influence on the culture by nanotechnology.Media influence
playing a major role in advertising nanotechnology
The influences of nanotechnology impact on media plus the
mass media boost by nanotechnology containing impact on
tradition. The mass advertising is application of nanotechnology
which could modify the mindset plus the behavior of folks. The
fear may be avoided by mass media structure. The media
provides the situations as well as current conditions associated
with other nations and through the utilization of media the
world can know this economic, sports and also weather report
associated with other nations. The effective use of
nanotechnology is media understanding that provide the
interesting tool for acquiring entire environmental predicament
of nation. The nano engineering advances have enables in mass
media to penetrate this every nation deeply. The media could be
the significant tool regarding political department plus the
political department depends upon the mass advertising
reflection. The media exhibits the political leader and by using
this method advertising the leader will be poplar in the case of
society and one of the people.
Hence the contribution of the mass media is the significance
one for the department of nation organizational fields. In case
of politics, the opinion and suggestion of the people will be
reflected through mass media.
The nanotechnology provides positive as well as the negative
influence on media. The media influences negatively affected
negatively to the culture of the nation. The youngsters are doing
illegal actions and they will be going wrong ways due to wrong
information of the mass media by nanotechnology and but in
case of scientific enhancement media is effective one for nation.
The media may be influence but each human being have free
will and human being can follow the influence of media or they

11. can create their own part in nation. When the human being uses
the technologies positively they will be better for human
being.Types of media and outlet used
For those who have an idea for any great news item that
includes chemistry, you have a lot of potential media outlets to
consider. Newspapers, shopping manuals, magazines, blogs,
workplace newsletters, news programs, and radio are just some
of the outlets available. You may consider sending the materials
to chosen officials. You’ll want to make a media list – an index
of contacts at different media outlets within your community.
In creating a media list, you would like to identify the suitable
person at each outlet to mail your materials. Depending on
established public relationships channels, such because your
universities or maybe employer’s PR division, may be the best
way to get a new reporter’s attention. If that’s not an option,
contact each outlet and ask who handles science, education,
business or community news, depending upon your activity.
When you call, ask about the reporter’s schedule and deadlines
– with this information, you’ll be able to place the information
in their hands at the right time to make the next edition.
An excellent media list ought to be updated regularly, both
before you’ve reached out to reporters and as you contact all of
them and learn information about what forms of stories they
like and that they prefer to possibly be contacted. Keep notes
concerning your contacts – will help you get ones message
across so when you have news to talk about.
Nowadays Facebook along with Twitter are certainly one of best
platform for advertising for advertisement. Now the children,
child and everyone are mostly expended their time about this
media. So this platform is now considered best with regard to
advertisement.

12. References
· K. E. Drexler(1999): Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of
Nanotechnology; 1986, New York, NY, Anchor Press.
· National Science and Technology Council
(NSTC)(2000). National Nanotechnology Initiative: The
Initiative and its Implementation Plan. Washington, D.C.,
· M. C. Roco and W. S. Bainbridge (2002): Converging
Technologies for Improving Human Performance:
Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and
Cognitive Science; Arlington, VA, NSF.
· J. Schummer(2004): ‘Interdisciplinary issues of nanoscale
research’, in Discovering the Nanoscale, (ed. D. Baird, A.
Nordmann and J. Schummer), 9-20.
http://www.joachimschummer.net/papers/2006_Cultural-
diversity-of-nanoethics_IRS.pdf
· Nanotechnology(2004): Shaping the World Atom by Atom;
1999, Washington, DC, National Science Technology Council.
For an analysis of the underlying worldview, see A. Nordmann:
‘Nanotechnology’s worldview: new space for old cosmologies’,
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 48–54
· Kreiter, T. (2004) - Revisiting the Master of Science Fiction.
Saturday Evening Post. Vol. 276, Nr. 6, p. 38
· Nordmann & Schummer (2004):"Bibliography of Nano-
Science and Technology Studies." , Discovering the Nanoscale.
Amsterdam: IOS Press. , 311-316; [updated version
online: www.hyle.org/service/biblio/nano.htm].
· J. Schummer(2005): ‘Reading nano: the public interest in
nanotechnology as reflected in book purchase patterns’, Public
Understanding of Science, 163–183.
· Morley, D. (2006) – “Globalization and Cultural Imperialism

13. Reconsidered” in Curran J. and Morley D. (Ed.) Media and
Cultural Theory (p. 30-44) Routledge, London
http://esst.eu/wpcontent/uploads/Stefan+Vargolici+MA+Thesis+
ESST+3+October+2011.pdf
· Negus, K. (2006) – “Rethinking creative production away
from the culture industries” in Curran J. and Morley D. (Ed.)
Media and Cultural Theory ( 197-209) Routledge, London
· Merriam Webster‟s Medical Dictionary, accessed 18.06.2011:
http://www2.merriamwebster.com
· Berne R. & Schummer, J. "Teaching Societal and Ethical
Implications of Nanotechnology to Engineering Students
through Science Fiction." (ms submitted for publication
toScience and Engineering Ethics).
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v8n2/schummer.html