Introduction to research ethics Ghiath Alahmad
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This document discusses the history and principles of research ethics. It outlines key events in medical research scandals that led to the development of formal research ethics guidelines. The core principles of research ethics are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Research ethics aims to balance the priorities of science/knowledge, care, and health while protecting researchers, physicians, patients, and communities. Guidelines establish standards for informed consent, equitable participant selection, and special protections for vulnerable groups. Oversight committees and community representatives review research proposals and monitor studies to ensure ethical standards are upheld.
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Introduction to research ethics Ghiath Alahmad
- 1. Dr. Ghiath Alahmad KAIMRC; KSU-HS
- 2. Overview 1. Medical research scandals 2. Definition 3. Importance 4. Principles 5. Guidelines of research ethics 6. 4. Explain how should we approach research ethics in practice
- 4. • Rise of experimental medicine 1716-1794 (1753): James Lind: first clinical trial (Lemon and scurvy) 1753 1753
- 5. • Rise of experimental medicine 1798 Edward Jenner: smallpox vaccination 1753 1798 1798
- 6. • First scandals 1755–1843 (1811) Samuel Hahnemann try-outs on his children 1753 1798 1811 1798
- 7. 1855-1916 (1879) Neisser: gonococcus infection of prostitutes 1753 1798 1811 1879 1798
- 8. Watershed : involvement of medical science in Second World War: Nuremberg Tribunal 1753 1798 1811 19411879 1798
- 9. 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1798 1947 1947 Nuremberg Code
- 10. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, more than 10,000 children in 46 countries were born with deformities such as phocomelia, as a consequence of thalidomide use. 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1798 1947
- 11. 1964: Declaration of Helsinki Informed consent Risk-benefit assessment 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1798 1947
- 12. 1966: H. Beecher (N Engl J Med) 22 examples of clearly unethical research 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1798 1966
- 13. 1967: Maurice Henry Pappworth: Human Guinea Pigs 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1967 1798 1966 1967
- 14. 1970s Tuskegee syphilis study 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1967 1798 1966 1967 19471798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1970s 1970s 1997
- 15. 1996 Trovan trial in Nigeria 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1967 1798 1966 1967 19471811 19411879 1960s 1964 1970s 1970s 1996 1996
- 16. 1997 AZT trials 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1967 1798 1966 1967 194719411879 1960s 1964 1970s 1970s 1996 1996 1997 1997 2005
- 17. 2005 Malaria study in Amapa, Brazil 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1967 1798 1966 1967 19471941 1960s 1964 1970s 1970s 1996 1996 1997 1997 2005 2005 2010 2010 2010 2010
- 18. 2005 Malaria study in Amapa, Brazil 19471753 1798 1811 19411879 1960s 1964 1966 1967 1798 1966 1967 1960s 1966 ???? 1970s 1970s 1996 1996 1997 1997 2005 2005 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 ????
- 19. Bioethics Health Ethics Medical Ethics Clinical Ethics Research Ethics What is research ethics?
- 20. Why research ethics is important? Research ethics is important! Why it is important? Human Rights Financial interest Excessive of review committees
- 21. Why research ethics is important? Good knowledge • How to be a good researcher? Good ethics
- 22. Science & Knowledge Care Research ethics – basic problem!
- 23. Science & Knowledge CareResearch Research ethics – basic problem!
- 24. Science & Knowledge CareResearch Health Research ethics – basic problem!
- 25. Science & Knowledge CareResearch Health Researcher Research ethics – basic problem!
- 26. Science & Knowledge CareResearch Health Researcher Physician Research ethics – basic problem!
- 27. PhysicianResearcher ComplaintProblemStarting point TherapyKnowledgeAim EndMeansPatient/Person PatientResearcherInterested party Research ethics – basic problem!
- 28. PhysicianResearcher ComplaintProblemStarting point TherapyKnowledgeAim EndMeansPatient/Person PatientResearcherInterested party Research ethics – basic problem!
- 29. PhysicianResearcher ComplaintProblemStarting point TherapyKnowledgeAim EndMeansPatient/ Person PatientResearcherInterested party Research ethics – basic problem!
- 30. PhysicianResearcher ComplaintProblemStarting point TherapyKnowledgeAim EndMeansPatient/Person PatientResearcherInterested party Research ethics – basic problem!
- 32. Principles Research Ethics Respect for Person Ben efic en c e Ju stic e
- 33. Principles Research Ethics Respect for Person Beneficence Justice Autonomy, self-determination Capacity to decide, make choices The dignity of people and individual Respect for community and local culture
- 34. Principles Research Ethics Respect for Person Ben efic en c e Ju stic e Physical, mental and social well-being Risks reduced to a minimum, non-maleficence Protection of the participant is the primary Responsibility of the researcher Benefits for the communities where the research will be conducted
- 35. Principles Research Ethics Respect for Person Ben efic en c e Ju stic e Distribution of risk and benefit Equitable recruitment of research participants Special protection for vulnerable groups
- 36. Principles Research Ethics Special protection for vulnerable groups Pregnant womenChildrenPrisonersMentally illLimited educationPoorTerminally illWomen in some circumstances
- 37. Summary-Principles of Research Ethics Respect for Person Ben efic en c e Ju stic e
- 38. 19791947 1964 20101982 1996 2004 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 39. 19791947 1964 20101982 1996 2004 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 40. 199619791964 2004 201019821947 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 41. 19961964 2004 2010198219791947 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 42. 19961964 2004 20101979 International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human 1947 1982 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 43. 19791964 20101982 20041947 1996 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 44. 19791964 20101982 1996 20041947 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 45. 19791964 20101982 2001 20031947 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 46. 19791947 1964 20101982 1996 2004 The Development of Contemporary Research Ethics
- 47. Parties of Research Ethics •REC or IRB •Researcher •Sponsor •Community representative
- 48. Establishment of the REC
- 49. Protecting Research Participants: Other Stakeholders
- 51. Honesty Respect Sensitivity Politeness Compassion Professionalism Researcher's Human Qualities
- 52. community Researcher Community Representative Why Have Community Participation? After the study Share the research findings During the study Follow study progress Before the study Informed the community
- 53. Primary Responsibilities of Research Ethics Committees and Community Representative Groups Review and Approval of research protocols Regulations REC Community Representative Responsible advise
- 54. THANK you Dr. Ghiath Alahmad ghiathalahmad@hotmail.com 00966567629770
Editor's Notes
- Clinical Trials of AZT to Prevent Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HIV in Developing Nations