A description of basic processes related to drugs in side the human body.

1. 04/22/1504/22/15 Dr. Medani A.B. ,2006Dr. Medani A.B. ,2006
INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO
PHARMACOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacology :Pharmacology :
- Is the branch of science that deal with- Is the branch of science that deal with
drugs . It is a detailed study of drugs ,drugs . It is a detailed study of drugs ,
particularly their action on living tissues -particularly their action on living tissues -
these actions may be beneficial orthese actions may be beneficial or
harmful – and their fate in the body . Thisharmful – and their fate in the body . This
science provides the basis ofscience provides the basis of
therapeutics .therapeutics .

2. 04/22/15 Dr. Medani A.B. ,2006
Drugs :Drugs :
 A drug is defined as any substance usedA drug is defined as any substance used
for the purpose of diagnosis ,for the purpose of diagnosis ,
prevention , relief or cure of a disease .prevention , relief or cure of a disease .
WHO defines the word drug as aWHO defines the word drug as a
substance or product that is used orsubstance or product that is used or
intended to be used to modify or exploreintended to be used to modify or explore
physiological systems or pathologicalphysiological systems or pathological
status for the recipient .status for the recipient .

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Pharmacognosy :Pharmacognosy :
 It is the science that deals with naturalIt is the science that deals with natural
drugs and their constituents .drugs and their constituents .

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Pharmacy :Pharmacy :
 It is the science of identification ,It is the science of identification ,
selection , prevention , standardization ,selection , prevention , standardization ,
compounding , proper utilization andcompounding , proper utilization and
dispensing of medicinal substances .dispensing of medicinal substances .

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Pharmacokinetics :Pharmacokinetics :
 It is what the body does to the drug . It isIt is what the body does to the drug . It is
the study of absorption , distribution ,the study of absorption , distribution ,
biotransformation and excretion of drugsbiotransformation and excretion of drugs
and their relationship to pharmacologicaland their relationship to pharmacological
response . It is the fate of drugs in theresponse . It is the fate of drugs in the
body .body .

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Pharmacodynamics :Pharmacodynamics :
 It is what the rug does to the body . It isIt is what the rug does to the body . It is
the study of biochemical andthe study of biochemical and
physiological effects of drugs and theirphysiological effects of drugs and their
mechanism of action .mechanism of action .

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Therapeutics :Therapeutics :
 It is the application of knowledge ofIt is the application of knowledge of
pharmacology in the prevention andpharmacology in the prevention and
treatment of diseases .treatment of diseases .

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Toxicology :Toxicology :
 It is the science that deals with theIt is the science that deals with the
adverse effects of drugs given in largeadverse effects of drugs given in large
doses , measurement and detection ofdoses , measurement and detection of
poisons ( substances that producepoisons ( substances that produce
harmful , dangerous or fatal symptoms .)harmful , dangerous or fatal symptoms .)
as well as treatment of poisoning are allas well as treatment of poisoning are all
included in this science .included in this science .

9. 04/22/15 Dr. Medani A.B. ,2006
Chemotherapy :Chemotherapy :
 It deals with the effects of drugs onIt deals with the effects of drugs on
microorganisms and parasites , livingmicroorganisms and parasites , living
and multiplying in another living organismand multiplying in another living organism
. It also includes the treatment of. It also includes the treatment of
malignancy .malignancy .

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ClinicalClinical
pharmacology :pharmacology :
 It is the scientific study of drugs inIt is the scientific study of drugs in
humans . It includes pharmacodynamicshumans . It includes pharmacodynamics
and pharmacokinetics investigations inand pharmacokinetics investigations in
healthy volunteers and in patients ;healthy volunteers and in patients ;
evaluations of efficacy and safety ofevaluations of efficacy and safety of
drugs and comparative trials with otherdrugs and comparative trials with other
forms of treatment ; surveillance offorms of treatment ; surveillance of
patterns of drug use , adverse effectspatterns of drug use , adverse effects
..etc ...etc .

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Pharmacopoeia :Pharmacopoeia :
 This field of study defines the standardsThis field of study defines the standards
that the drugs and medicinalthat the drugs and medicinal
preparations must meat and theirpreparations must meat and their
average adult dose e.g. Britishaverage adult dose e.g. British
Pharmacopeia (B.P.).Pharmacopeia (B.P.).

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Various sources ofVarious sources of
drugs :drugs :
 Animal sources e.g. insulin and thyroid hormones .Animal sources e.g. insulin and thyroid hormones .
 Plant sources e.g. morphine , reserpine and digoxin .Plant sources e.g. morphine , reserpine and digoxin .
 Microorganism e.g. antibiotics like penicillin andMicroorganism e.g. antibiotics like penicillin and
streptomycin.streptomycin.
 Synthetic e.g. aspirin and sulphonamide .Synthetic e.g. aspirin and sulphonamide .
 Minerals e.g. liquid paraffin and kaolin .Minerals e.g. liquid paraffin and kaolin .
 Drugs produced by genetic engineering (DNADrugs produced by genetic engineering (DNA
recombinant- tehnology )e.g. human insulin andrecombinant- tehnology )e.g. human insulin and
human growth hormones .human growth hormones .

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Orphan Drugs :Orphan Drugs :
 These are drugs ment for diagnosis ,These are drugs ment for diagnosis ,
prevention or treatment of rare diseasesprevention or treatment of rare diseases
e.g. certain anticancer drugs , antivirale.g. certain anticancer drugs , antiviral
drugs , pentamidine ..etc.drugs , pentamidine ..etc.