in this presentation we are going to study introduction to pharmacology and scope of pharmacology. i.e. meaning and definition of pharmacology along with branches of pharmacology and scope of pharmacology.

1. Introduction to Pharmacology
and
Scope of Pharmacology
Prepared by :
Miss. Asha Golasangimath
lecturer
Sanjeevini School of Pharmacy
Vijayapur

2. born -10 October 1838 Courland
Died - 12 July 1921
Oswald Schmiedeberg is regarded as the Father of
Pharmacology.
Oswald Schmiedeberg earned his medical doctorate
from the University of Dorpat with a thesis on the
measurement of chloroform in blood, titled
“Determination and Concentration of Chloroform in
the Blood”.
In 1872 he became the first professor of
pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where
he remained for the next 46 years.
He published over 200 scientific books and articles and is
widely regarded as the Father of Pharmacology.

3. Born - 17 August 1882
Gujranwala, Punjab Province,
British India
(now Gujranwala, Pakistan)
Died -13 June 1973 (aged 90)
Nationality - Indian
Citizenship - Indian
Known for :
Father of Indian Pharmacology; Doyen of science and medicine[1]
Awards - Knighthood (1941) Companion of the Order of the Indian
Empire (CIE; 1934)

6. Branches of pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics- it deals with the study on absorption distribution
metabolism and excretion of drugs. Thus from entry of drug in the
body until its excretion the study of what happen to the drug in the
body is known as pharmacokinetics.
That is it is the study of what body does to the drug that is study of
ADME
A-absorption
D- distribution
M - metabolism
E-. Excretion

7. 2. Pharmacodynamics : It deals with the study of mechanism of
actionand pharmacological effects of drugs that is it is study of how
drugs affect the body. The study of what happens to the body due to drug
is pharmacodynamics.
3. Therapeutic index: therapeutic index is the ratio of lethal doses
and effective doses and indicates the relative margin of safety of a drug
processes.
Therapeutic index (TI) : LD50/ED50
4. Therapeutics: it is a Greek word meaning the art of medicine
i.e. it focuses on the actions and effects of drugs and other chemical
agents with physiological and biochemical microbiological
immunological or behavioral factors influencing disease. It also
considers how disease may modify the pharmacokinetic properties of the
drug by altering its absorption into the systemic circulation and its tissue
disposition.

8. 5. Toxicology: It is the study of action of overdoses of
drugs which may endanger life . or It is the study of poisons,
their effects and treatment.
6. Neuropharmacology: it is the study of drugs on
components of the nervous system, including brain, spinal
cord, and the nerves that communicate with all parts of the
body.
7. Cardiovascular pharmacology : It is concerned with the
study of effects of drugs on heart, the vascular system and
those parts of nervous and endocrine system that participate
in regulating cardiovascular function.
8. Molecular pharmacology : It deals with the biochemical
and biophysical characteristics of interactions between drug
molecules and those of the cell.

9. Biochemical Pharmacology : It uses the methods of
biochemistry, cell biology and cell physiology to
determine how drugs interact with, influence the
chemical machinery of the organism.
Behavioral Pharmacology : It concerned with study of the
effect of drugs on behavior.
it also includes the effect of psychoactive drugs on the
phenomena of learning, memory, wakefulness, sleep and
drug addiction and behavioral consequences.
Chemotherapy : The use of chemical agents in the
treatment of infectious diseases is called as chemotherapy.
These agents destroy the infecting germs without
damaging the human body.

10. Sources of drugs :
1. Plants ex - Morphine , Reserpine , Digoxin , etc.
2. Animal ex - Insulin, Heparin , Thyroid extract
etc.
3. Mineral ex - Liquid paraffin, Magnesium sulphate,
kaolin etc.
4. Synthetic ex - Aspirin, sulphonamides, corticosteroids
etc.
5. Micro-organism ex - Penicillin, Rifampicin etc.

11. Scope of Pharmacology ( Opportunities of Pharmacology) :
● The Pharmacological trainings opens wide range of
employment opportunities in academic, governmental, and
industrial organizations.
● It creates teaching and research careers for
pharmacologists in areas of the health sciences, including
medicine, pharmacology, dentistry, osteopathy, veterinary
medicine, and nursing.
● Govt. institutions employ pharmacologists in research
centers such as National Institute of Health,
Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug
Administration and centers for Disease control.
● Its application to health and agriculture have resulted
inphenomenal growth of the drug manufacturing industry.
●

12. ● Multinational pharmaceutical corporations utilize
large staffs of pharmacologists to develop products
and to determine molecular or biochemical actions of
various chemicals
● also in administrative position in govt. or private
industry. etc.

13. THANK YOU