GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Present by
Shakil
ID: 20151209040
Department of Pharmacy
BSMRSTU

What is Pharmacology?
 Pharmacology is consist of two Greek words
“Pharma” which means Drug and “Logos” which
means Knowledge.
 Pharmacology is the branch of science of drug
which deals with the history, source, physical,
chemical properties, mode of action, absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion and side effect
of drugs.

Classification of Pharmacology
 Pharmacodynamics: What the drug does to the
body. It shows pharmacological actions that is the
study of the therapeutic and side effects of drug.
 Pharmacokinetics: What the body does to the
drug. It includes the study of ADME ( Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion)

Some terms related to Pharmacology
Drug: Drug are substance which can change the physical and
physiological state.
Medicine: Medicines are drug which are used to and treat illness or
discomfort.
Dose: Certain amount of drug.
Dosage form: It is the physical form of medicine.
Pharmacotherapeutics: It is the application of pharmacodynamics
Information together with the knowledge of the disease for it’s
prevention, metigation and cure.

Oral
Advantages:
Self medication.
Cheap safe & painless.
Need not sterilization.
Disadvantages:
Action is slow.
Can’t be used unconscious &
vomiting patient.
High first pass metabolism
can’t be administrated.
Sublingual
Advantages:
High lipid solubility.
High first pass metabolism can
be administrated.
More potent than oral.
Disadvantages:
Water soluble can’t be given.
Can’t be given to unconscious
patient.
Large dose can’t be given.

Intravenous:
Advantages:
Not orally absorbed can be
administrated.
Rapid action.
Effective in emergency case.
Disadvantages:
Must be aseptic measures.
Chance of injury expensive.

Some terms related to Pharmacology
Clinical pharmacology: It is the scientific study of drug in man.
The aim of clinical
pharmacology is to generate optimum use of
drug.
Side effect: It is the effect of drug which is therapeutically
undesirable and totally unavoidable
Toxic effect: It is the undesirable effect of drug and other
chemical due to prolong use
Chemotherapy : It is defined as the treatment of systemic
infection or malignancy with specific drug that have specific
toxicity to the infecting agent.

Route of Drug administration
1.Enteral: Oral , Sublingual/ Buccal , Rectal.
2.Parental:Intravenous(IV),
Intraarterious(IA),Intramusc
ular(IM),Intracutaneous(IC),Subcutaneous(SC).
3.Inhalation: Anesthetic,Aerosol.
4.Intranasal
5.Intraspinal
6.Intraventricular
7.Topical:Involves skin,eye and ear.
8.Transdermal.

Factors affecting choice of route of drug
administration
A. Physical and Chemical properties of drug:Physical state,lipid or
water solubility , stability in body pH .
B. Sight of action.
C. Rate and extent of absorption of drug.
D. Effect of enzyme.
E. Rapidity of action.
F. Emergency of treatment.
G. Accuracy of the dosage.
H. Condition of the patient.

Factors affecting absorption of drug
1.Blood flow of the site of absorption.
2.Surface area.
3.Contact time of the absorption site.
4.Gastric emptying time.
5.Intestinal mortility .
6.Food.
7.Formulation factor.
8.Metabolism.