Evidence based practice (EBP) in physiotherapy Saurab Sharma
This presentation is the classroom lecture for undergraduate physiotherapy students whom I teach at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences in Nepal. This is an introductory lecture. Students carry on with steps of EBP in the years to come during the student life and use it for their presentations and clinical learning placement.
Other students too may benefit. I highly encourage other students, especially in some parts of India where EBP is not taught, and is reserved for Master's degree program. I completely disagree with this concept, as EBP is the pillar of a responsible physiotherapy practice. Early it starts, better it is.
A highly structured, goal-oriented, individualized intervention program designed to return the employee to work. Our Work Hardening programs are multidisciplinary in nature and utilize real or simulated work activities designed to restore physical, behavioral and vocational functions.
Evidence based practice (EBP) in physiotherapy Saurab Sharma
This presentation is the classroom lecture for undergraduate physiotherapy students whom I teach at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences in Nepal. This is an introductory lecture. Students carry on with steps of EBP in the years to come during the student life and use it for their presentations and clinical learning placement.
Other students too may benefit. I highly encourage other students, especially in some parts of India where EBP is not taught, and is reserved for Master's degree program. I completely disagree with this concept, as EBP is the pillar of a responsible physiotherapy practice. Early it starts, better it is.
A highly structured, goal-oriented, individualized intervention program designed to return the employee to work. Our Work Hardening programs are multidisciplinary in nature and utilize real or simulated work activities designed to restore physical, behavioral and vocational functions.
Principles of Pathological Investigation and Imaging in Skeletal DisordersPurvi Verma
The current presentation explains about the pathological and pathological investigation required for the skeletal disorders.
The basic requirement for a good prognostic and diagnostic feature which helps in evaluation of any skeletal disorders.
A type of manual therapy in which the muscle or the joint is altered and placed in a position of comfort for certain duration after which the pain disappears completely or gets reduced. this slide show explains about the principles, mechanism and Phases of PRT
This presentation give an upto date insightful information on balance/postural assessment and key domains of Occupational Therapy during assessment of balance using different scales.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Clinical reasoning is one of the pillars for good physiotherapy practice. It is an integral component of evidence based practice. It is a thought process that develops over time in a clinician. The first step is to start thinking of a clinical problem.
The lecture is delivered to first year physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. The students will continue with case discussion using similar model proposed by Mark Jones and Darren Rivett in his book. Further real cases and the cases in Mark Jones will be discussed in the subsequent classes over the Bachelor of Physiotherapy course.
این پاورپوینت در کارگاه معاینات عصبی در توانبخشی کودکان توسط دکتر میثم محمدی ارائه شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه، به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:
Discuss the theoretical basis of the neurodevelopmental approaches
Discuss the concepts and principles underlying the Bobath approach
Discuss the concepts and principles underlying the Brunnstrom approach
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
Clinical research is quite vital in the field of physiotherapy. Physiotherapists depends on information from researches to enhance the knowledge they have already gained through their university education and with continuous education courses.
Corrective exercises in the treatment of scoliosisNikos Karavidas
Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) can be used as an exclusive treatment for mild scoliosis and in combination with bracing for greater curves. There are 3 RCT's and 1 Systematic review with meta-analysis, which prove the effectiveness of the PSSE (Level of Evidence I)
Principles of Pathological Investigation and Imaging in Skeletal DisordersPurvi Verma
The current presentation explains about the pathological and pathological investigation required for the skeletal disorders.
The basic requirement for a good prognostic and diagnostic feature which helps in evaluation of any skeletal disorders.
A type of manual therapy in which the muscle or the joint is altered and placed in a position of comfort for certain duration after which the pain disappears completely or gets reduced. this slide show explains about the principles, mechanism and Phases of PRT
This presentation give an upto date insightful information on balance/postural assessment and key domains of Occupational Therapy during assessment of balance using different scales.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Clinical reasoning is one of the pillars for good physiotherapy practice. It is an integral component of evidence based practice. It is a thought process that develops over time in a clinician. The first step is to start thinking of a clinical problem.
The lecture is delivered to first year physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. The students will continue with case discussion using similar model proposed by Mark Jones and Darren Rivett in his book. Further real cases and the cases in Mark Jones will be discussed in the subsequent classes over the Bachelor of Physiotherapy course.
این پاورپوینت در کارگاه معاینات عصبی در توانبخشی کودکان توسط دکتر میثم محمدی ارائه شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه، به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to:
Discuss the theoretical basis of the neurodevelopmental approaches
Discuss the concepts and principles underlying the Bobath approach
Discuss the concepts and principles underlying the Brunnstrom approach
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
Clinical research is quite vital in the field of physiotherapy. Physiotherapists depends on information from researches to enhance the knowledge they have already gained through their university education and with continuous education courses.
Corrective exercises in the treatment of scoliosisNikos Karavidas
Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) can be used as an exclusive treatment for mild scoliosis and in combination with bracing for greater curves. There are 3 RCT's and 1 Systematic review with meta-analysis, which prove the effectiveness of the PSSE (Level of Evidence I)
RESEARCH Open AccessA methodological review of resilience.docxverad6
RESEARCH Open Access
A methodological review of resilience
measurement scales
Gill Windle1*, Kate M Bennett2, Jane Noyes3
Abstract
Background: The evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to
understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures to ensure data quality. This
paper systematically reviews the psychometric rigour of resilience measurement scales developed for use in
general and clinical populations.
Methods: Eight electronic abstract databases and the internet were searched and reference lists of all identified
papers were hand searched. The focus was to identify peer reviewed journal articles where resilience was a key
focus and/or is assessed. Two authors independently extracted data and performed a quality assessment of the
scale psychometric properties.
Results: Nineteen resilience measures were reviewed; four of these were refinements of the original measure. All
the measures had some missing information regarding the psychometric properties. Overall, the Connor-Davidson
Resilience Scale, the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Brief Resilience Scale received the best psychometric
ratings. The conceptual and theoretical adequacy of a number of the scales was questionable.
Conclusion: We found no current ‘gold standard’ amongst 15 measures of resilience. A number of the scales are
in the early stages of development, and all require further validation work. Given increasing interest in resilience
from major international funders, key policy makers and practice, researchers are urged to report relevant validation
statistics when using the measures.
Background
International research on resilience has increased substan-
tially over the past two decades [1], following dissatisfac-
tion with ‘deficit’ models of illness and psychopathology
[2]. Resilience is now also receiving increasing interest
from policy and practice [3,4] in relation to its poten-
tial influence on health, well-being and quality of life
and how people respond to the various challenges of
the ageing process. Major international funders, such
as the Medical Research Council and the Economic
and Social Research Council in the UK [5] have identi-
fied resilience as an important factor for lifelong health
and well-being.
Resilience could be the key to explaining resistance to
risk across the lifespan and how people ‘bounce back’
and deal with various challenges presented from child-
hood to older age, such as ill-health. Evaluation of inter-
ventions and policies designed to promote resilience
require reliable and valid measures. However the com-
plexity of defining the construct of resilience has been
widely recognised [6-8] which has created considerable
challenges when developing an operational definition of
resilience.
Different approaches to measuring resilience across
studies have lead to inconsistencies relating to the nat-
ure of potential risk factors and protective processes,.
Nursing Audit Dr. Rangappa. S .Ashi SDM Institute of Nursing sciences Shri D...rangappa
Nursing audit one of the control tools, responsible for controlling the activities of the nurses that focuses on providing the best possible nursing care. The actual nursing rendered is compared with the standards. This is mainly refers to clinical nursing audit. The nursing management audit is an evaluation of nursing management as a whole. It is critically examination of the entire nursing management process.
THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
STEPS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
PICOT FORMAT IN EBP
RATING SYSTEM FOR THE HIERARCHY OF EVIDENCE: QUANTITATIVE QUESTIONS
ELEMENTS OF EVIDENCE-BASED ARTICLES
INTEGRATE THE EVIDENCE
EVALUATE THE OUTCOMES OF THE PRACTICE DECISION OR CHANGE
COMMUNICATE THE OUTCOMES OF THE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE DECISION
SUSTAIN KNOWLEDGE USE
NURSING RESEARCH
TRANSLATION RESEARCH
5 PHASES OF TRANSLATION RESEARCH
OUTCOMES RESEARCH
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
NURSING AND THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
TYPES OF RESEARCH
TYPES OF RESEARCH APPROACH
RESEARCH PROCESS
RIGHTS OF HUMAN SUBJECT
COMPARISON OF STEPS OF THE NURSING PROCESS WITH THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Performance Improvement
Performance Improvement Programs
EXAMPLES OF PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT MODELS
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EBP, RESEARCH, AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, RESEARCH, AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
KEY ELEMENTS
Morality and Ethics in Physiotherapy ProfessionSreeraj S R
As health care is considered divine and moral activity, physiotherapy professionals too are held to moral standards with expectations of ethical conduct.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Sreeraj S R
What are Outcome measures?
• Outcome measures are standardized tests, measures, or
instruments used to measure various aspects of a patient’s health
status.
• Results from outcome measures can be used for patient care
decisions, research, and quality assurance.
• An evidence-based practitioner must consider the dimension, type,
format, reliability, validity, responsiveness, and feasibility an
appropriate outcome measure for their patient.
2
O’Sullivan.
3. Sreeraj S R
Broad Classification
• Disease specific: Tend to measure more specific elements of
the respective disease and are thus, theoretically, more
sensitive to subtle treatment-related changes.
• Example: the Western Ontario and McMaster University
Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) in OA patient.
• Generic: Typically assess the physical, social, and emotional
dimensions of health and they tend to have the advantage of
evaluating QOL for different type of diseases.
• Example: Short Form-36 (SF-36), which generates a profile
of eight dimensions in OA patient.
3
Wiebe S, 2003, Zeng Y., 2015
4. Sreeraj S R
Dimension
• Outcome measures may be multiple dimensional or focused.
• An example for a multidimensional stakeholder-focussed evaluation
approach is the “Tripartite Model of Mental Health and Therapeutic
Outcomes which differentiates between the perspectives of (a) society,
(b) the individual patient, and (c) the mental health professional.
• Region specific (e.g., Lower Extremity Functional Scale, Upper Extremity
Functional Scale ),
• Disease, or condition specific (e.g., Western Ontario and McMaster
Universities Arthritis Index),
• Patient specific (e.g., Patient Specific Functional Scale),
• Global (e.g., Global Rating of Change).
4
O’Sullivan, Outcome Measures [Internet]. Physiopedia.
5. Sreeraj S R
Format
Outcome measures that we use in clinical practice are divided
into four categories:
1. Self-report measures
2. Performance-based measures
3. Observer-reported measures
4. Clinician-reported measures
5
Outcome Measures [Internet]. Physiopedia.
6. Sreeraj S R
Self-report measures
• Patients respond verbally or in writing about their self-perception of
some aspect of their health status.
• Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires
measuring the patients’ views of their health status.
• Example: Health-related quality of life (HRQL)
• Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are
questionnaires measuring the patients’ perceptions of their
experience whilst receiving care.
• Example: CARE (Consultation and Relational Empathy) measure
questionnaire.
6
KingsleyC, 2017, Outcome Measures [Internet]. Physiopedia.
7. Sreeraj S R
Performance-based measures (PerfO)
• These require patients to perform a task that is graded by the
physical therapist.
• Scores for performance-based measures can be based on
either an objective measurement or a qualitative assessment
that is assigned a score.
• Example: Functional Independence Measure, which
requires the patient to demonstrate self-care activities,
transfers, locomotion, and bowel and bladder function.
7
Clinical Outcome Assessment [Internet]. Physiopedia. 2020
8. Sreeraj S R
Observer-reported measures (ObsRO)
• Measurement based on an observation by someone other than the
patient or a health professional.
• Usually done by patient's non-clinical care giver, family or anyone
living around patient and observes the patient in daily life.
• Example: assessment of a patient's cognition.
8
Clinical Outcome Assessment [Internet]. Physiopedia. 2020
9. Sreeraj S R
Clinician-reported outcome measures
(ClinRO)
• These are measurements that are completed by a health care
professional.
• Based on the report that comes from a trained health care
professional after observation of a patient's condition.
• Example: pain rating scale.
9
Clinical Outcome Assessment [Internet]. Physiopedia. 2020
10. Sreeraj S R
Reliability
• The reliability of an outcome measure refers to its consistency or reproducibility.
• As the reliability increases, the amount of error inherent in the measurement
decreases.
• Different types of reliability that affect outcome measures;
• Test-retest refers to the stability of measurements over time.
• Intratester and intertester reliability refers to consistency of repeated measures
obtained by the same practitioner or between two practitioners, respectively.
• Reliability of continuous level data is calculated using intraclass correlation
coefficients, whereas the kappa coefficient is used for categorical level data.
• Internal consistency refers to the degree in which similar items on an outcome
measure yield similar scores and is represented by Chronbach’s alpha.
10
O’Sullivan.
11. Sreeraj S R
Validity
• Validity is the degree to which an outcome measure is measuring
what it purports to measure.
• For example, the degree to which the Berg Balance Scale is
measuring balance.
• There are four basic types of validity:
1.Face validity
2.Content validity
3.Criterion-related validity
4.Construct validity
11
O’Sullivan.
12. Sreeraj S R
Face validity
• Face validity, also called logical validity, is a simple form of validity
where you apply a superficial and subjective assessment of whether
your study or test measures what it is supposed to measure.
• Example: IQ tests are supposed to measure intelligence.
12
FaceValidity: Definition and Examples - Statistics HowTo
13. Sreeraj S R
Content validity
• Content validity is how well an instrument (i.e. a test or
questionnaire) measures a theoretical construct.
• Content validity uses a more formal, statistics-based approach,
usually with experts in the field who judges the questions on how
well they cover the material.
13
ContentValidity (Logical or RationalValidity) - Statistics HowTo
14. Sreeraj S R
Criterion validity
• Criterion validity (or criterion-related validity) measures how well
one measure predicts an outcome for another measure.
• Example: A job applicant takes a performance test during the
interview process. If this test accurately predicts how well the
employee will perform on the job, the test is said to have criterion
validity.
14
CriterionValidity: Definition,Types ofValidity - Statistics HowTo
15. Sreeraj S R
Construct validity
• It demonstrates that the test is measuring the construct it claims it’s
measuring.
• Example: a doctor testing the effectiveness of painkillers on
chronic back sufferers. construct validity would test whether the
doctor was measuring pain and not numbness, discomfort,
anxiety or any other factor.
15
ConstructValidity: Simple Definition, Statistics Used - Statistics HowTo,
Shuttleworth M
16. Sreeraj S R
Reliability vs.Validity
Reliability
• The consistency of measurement, or
the degree to which an instrument
measures the same way each time it
is used under the same condition
with the same subjects.
• Test-retest
• Internal consistency
Validity
• The strength of our conclusions,
inferences or propositions. Does it
measure what it is intended to
measure?
• Face
• Content
• Criterion
• Construct
17. Sreeraj S R
References
1. O’sullivan SB. Clinical Decision Making. In: Physical Rehabilitation. 6th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co; 2014. p. 1–29.
2. Wiebe S, Guyatt G, Weaver B, Matijevic S, Sidwell C. Comparative responsiveness of generic and specific quality-of-life instruments. J. Clin.
Epidemiol. 2003;56 (1): 52-60.
3. Zeng Y., Zhou Y., Lin J., Zhou Y., Yu J. Generic and disease-specific quality of life and its predictors among Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia
Psychiatry Res. 2015; 228 (3): 724-728
4. Outcome Measures [Internet]. Physiopedia. 2012 [cited 2020 Aug 9]. Available from: https://www.physio-
pedia.com/Outcome_Measures#cite_note-5
5. Kingsley C, Patel S. Patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures. BJA Education [Internet]. 2017 Apr [cited
2020 Aug 9];17(4):137–44. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/17/4/137/2999278
6. Clinical Outcome Assessment [Internet]. Physiopedia. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 16]. Available from: https://www.physio-
pedia.com/Clinical_Outcome_Assessment
7. Face Validity: Definition and Examples - Statistics How To [Internet]. Statistics How To. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 16]. Available from:
https://tinyurl.com/y3qbk44c
8. Content Validity (Logical or Rational Validity) - Statistics How To [Internet]. Statistics How To. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 16]. Available from:
https://tinyurl.com/y3e72dkl
9. Criterion Validity: Definition, Types of Validity - Statistics How To [Internet]. Statistics How To. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 16]. Available from:
https://tinyurl.com/y3wcz726
10. Construct Validity: Simple Definition, Statistics Used - Statistics How To [Internet]. Statistics How To. 2014 [cited 2020 Aug 16]. Available from:
https://www.statisticshowto.com/construct-validity/
11. Martyn Shuttleworth. Construct Validity - Does the Concept Match the Specific Measurement? [Internet]. Explorable.com. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug
16]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/y3g7vxda
17
Editor's Notes
Test-retest refers to the stability of measurements over time.
If the patient’s health status has not changed, repeated administrations of an outcome measure should result in the same score.