The document provides an overview of multithreading in Java, covering concepts such as multiprogramming, multitasking, and thread management. It explains the advantages of multithreading, including independent thread execution and memory efficiency, along with the life cycle of threads in Java and relevant built-in methods. Practical applications of multithreading are illustrated through examples like ATM transactions and server requests.

1. Multithreading
in
Java
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2. Multithreading in Java
You will Learn :
 Multiprogramming
 Multitasking
 Multithreading & Thread
 Diff between Multiprogramming & Multithreading
 Practical use of Multithreading
 Advantages
 Implementation of Multithreading in Java
 Built-in Library for Multithreading in Java
 Important methods to implement Multithreading in Java
 Program of Multithreading in Eclipse
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3. Multiprogramming
Multiprogramming is the ability of an operating system to execute
multiple programs at the same time on single processor machine.
If the currently executing process performs i/o operation or
waiting for i/o then the Operating System may interrupt that
process and gives the control to other process residing in main
memory.
Process 1
Process 2
i/o of P1
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4. The process of having a computer perform multiple tasks
simultaneously.
For example : Listening of music in background while browsing
internet or typing in MS-Word in foreground.
Multitasking
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5. Multithreading
It is the ability of a CPU which execute multiple
thread concurrently, supported by the operating system
Thread : A Thread is the smallest
sequence of programmed
instructions that can be managed
independently.
Threads are independent because
they all have separate path of
execution that’s the reason if an
exception occurs in one thread, it
doesn’t affect the execution of
other threads.
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6. Objective of Multithreading:
•To increase utilization of a single core by using Thread-level parallelism, as well
as Instruction-level parallelism.
Difference between Process and Thread :
•Process means any program is in execution while thread is a segment of the process.
•Every process uses separate memory while all the threads use shared memory.
Multithreading
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7. While you are typing on Ms-Word spell check checking spelling
and informed to user about the spelling mistake. Spell check
working as a Thread.
Practical use of Thread
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8. User
•When you insert ATM card into ATM Machine it start a new thread to
perform your request. There are multiple account holders on the same
server requesting the server simultaneously. Server software create a
new thread for every user.
•Railway reservation system where multiple users accessing the same
server.
Practical use of Thread
Server
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9. •When you request to Amazon server from your mobile
through Amazon App, that request become a thread and
your Mobile Application doing another task when request
is forward in the form of thread.
Practical use of Thread
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10. In multimedia games you can use multiple objects like
human, gun etc. These objects are nothing but the
threads.
Practical use of Thread
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11. Advantages of Multithreading
•Threads are independent so users are not blocked and we
can perform multiple operations at times.
•The other threads won't get affected if one thread meets an
exception.
•Multiple threads don't allocate separate memory area, hence they
save memory.
•In Multithreading context switching between threads takes less
time.
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12. Implementation of Threads in Java
Thread Life Cycle in Java
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13. •New: The thread is created using class "Thread class". It remains in this
state till the program starts the thread. It is also known as born thread.
•Runnable: The instance of the thread is invoked with a start method.
The thread control is given to scheduler to finish the execution. It
depends on the scheduler, whether to run the thread.
•Running: The scheduler selects one thread from the thread pool, and it
starts executing in the application.
•Waiting: This is the state when a thread has to wait. As there multiple
threads are running in the application, there is a need for synchronization
between threads. Hence, one thread has to wait, till the other thread gets
executed. Therefore, this state is referred as waiting state.
•Dead: This is the state when the thread is terminated. The thread is in
running state and as soon as it completed processing it is in "dead
state".
Thread Life Cycle in Java (Stages)
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14. Built-in Library of Java for Thread
Built-in Class : Thread
Built-in Interface : Runnable
Package for both : java.lang
(java.lang is default package of Java so it
is no need to import explicitly. )
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15. Important Methods of Java Thread Class
void start() : It use to start the execution of thread. It call the run()
method defined to do some action in thread.
void run() : It used to define an action for thread.
static void sleep() : It sleeps a thread for specified time or a thread enter in
wait state for a specified time.
void stop(): It used to stop a thread.
void destroy() : It used to destroy the thread.
void suspend() : It used to suspend the thread.
void resume() : It resume the suspended thread.
static yield(): It pause the currently executing thread and allow other
thread to execute temporarily.
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16. Practical Program on Eclipse
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