The document provides a comprehensive overview of medical terminology, including definitions of prefixes, roots, and suffixes used in the medical field. It illustrates how these components combine to form medical terms and offers examples related to various body systems such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Additionally, it outlines essential rules and practices for interpreting and constructing medical terms.

2. Introduction
LESSON #1
LESSON #1
When in
When in doubt
doubt of
of
the terminology,
the terminology,
tell your patients
tell your patients
they’re very sick.
they’re very sick.

3. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
• The words – or terms – which make up the language
of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the
medical field…known as medical terminology.
• Like every other language, medical terminology has
changed over time and will continue to change.
• Most medical terms come from the Greek and Latin
languages.
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3

4. How It Works
Most medical terms can be broken down into parts like a
sentence.
Common word parts/components:
 Prefixes / Roots or Words / Suffixes
Prefixes / Roots or Words / Suffixes
Linking or combining vowel usually “o”, but occasionally
“e” or “i”.
The medical terms will contain one or more of these
components.
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4

5. PREFIX
A prefix is a word component placed in front of a
root/word to change or modify its meaning.
A prefix can give a root direction or position. It can
also give a root a specific type/ classification,
quality, or quantity.
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6. Common Prefixes
• Ab- away from midline
• Acu- needle
• Anti- against
• Auto- self
• Bi- two, both, double
• Dys- abnormal, bad,
painful
• Hemi- half
• Hetero- opposite, different
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6
• Homo- same, similar
• Hyster- uterus
• Men- menstruation
• Quadri- four
• Re- back, again
• Super- above, beyond
• Tri- three

7. More Prefixes!
• A-, An- without, none
• Ad- toward/near midline
• Acro- extremities
• Ambi- on both sides
• Bio- life
• Brady- slow
• Circum- around,
encircling
• Contra- against
• Dys- difficult, painful,
bad, abnormal
• Endo- within
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7
• Epi- upon, over, above
• Ex- out, out of
• Hyper- excessive,
above, too much, over,
beyond
• Hypo- less than, under,
below, deficient

8. PREFIXES continued
• Hydro- fluid, water
• Inter- between
• Intra- within
• Iso- equal
• Mal- ill, bad
• Meta- after, beyond,
change
• Multi- many, more than
one
• Neo- new or abnormal
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8
• Poly- many, much
• Post- after, behind
• Pro- before, in front of,
forward
• Retro- behind, backward
• Sub- under, below, beneath
• Supra- above, on the top
side
• Tachy- fast
• Trans- across, over

9. SUFFIX
A suffix is a word component added to the end of
a root/word that changes or modifies its usage,
function, or meaning.
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10. SUFFIXES: Surgical Procedures
-centesis – to puncture/tap to draw fluid from
-desis – surgical fixation, fusion
-ectomy – excision, removal, cut out
-pexy - fixation
-plasty – surgical repair, correction
-rrhaphy – suture
-sect – to cut
-stomy – forming a new opening
-tome – instrument for cutting
-tomy – incision into, cut into
-tripsy – to crush, break down
-puncture – to pierce a surface
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Moe, after the
Moe, after the
bandages come off
bandages come off
and the wounds
and the wounds
heal, you’ll still be
heal, you’ll still be
a pig.
a pig.

11. SUFFIXES: diagnostic procedures
-assay – examine, analyze
-gram – written record, recording
-graph – instrument for recording
-graphy – process of recording
-manometer – instrument for measuring pressure
-manometry – process of measuring pressure
-meter – instrument for measuring
-metery – process of measuring
-opsy – to view
-scope - instrument for examining
-scopy – process of examining, examination
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11

12. SUFFIXES: 5 rrh’s
-rrhagia – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge
-rrhage – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge
-rrhaphy – suture
-rrhea – flow, discharge
-rrhexis - rupture
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13. SUFFIXES: pertaining to…
Suffixes that all mean pertaining to:
-ac (cardiac)
-al (dental)
-ar (tonsilar)
-ary (pulmonary)
-ia (bradycardia)
-ic (gastric)
-ical (chemical)
-ium (cardium)
-ous (mucous)
-tic (pancreatic)
-us (hydrocephalus)
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14. More Suffixes!
-algia, -algesia – pain
-cele – herniation, swelling
-cide – killing, agent that kills
-cyte - cell
-emia – blood condition
-ism – condition, disease
-ist – specialist
-itis – inflammation
-logist – one who studies, specialist
-logia, -logy – the study of
-lysis – destruction, break down
-megaly – enlarged
-oid – resembling, like
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15. MORE SUFFIXES
-oma – tumor, mass
-opia, -opsia – vision
-osis – condition of
-pathy – disease
-plasm – growth/formation of tissue
-pnea – breath, breathing
-porosis – porous, decrease in density
-ptosis – drooping, prolapsed
-ptysis – spitting, spit up
-spasm – twitching, involuntary contraction
-therapy – treatment
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16. ROOT
A root is the basic element of a word, and it is the
foundation on which the meaning of a word is built.
Many roots are real words in their own right and
term. Although these roots can have other elements,
they don't need other elements to be complete.
A root can be a whole word or a part of a word. Roots
come from many different languages, mainly Greek and
Latin, and find their way into English.
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17. Rules!
To define medical terms, divide or slash them into
their component parts; these word components are
called prefixes, suffixes, and roots.
Use the hyphen ( - ) after the word component to
indicate that it is a prefix; use it after the combining
form to indicate that it needs a suffix; use it before
the word component to indicate it is a suffix.
For example: Epi-gastr/o/-cele
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18. More Rules!
Use the combining vowel “o” when a suffix begins with a
consonant. i.e Termin/o/logy
Use the combining vowel “o” when combining two roots only if
the second root begins with a consonant. i.e. Pneum/o/thorax
Do not use the combining vowel “o” if you are combining a
second root that begins with a vowel or a suffix that begins with
a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y). i.e. Pneum/arthr/osis
Add –y to a word to indicate a procedure (gastroscopy) or –ly
to indicate an act or process (splenomegaly).
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19. And More Rules!!
The suffix –osis always denotes a condition (usually
abnormal). When combined with the color roots erythr/o-
(red) and leuk/o- (white), it represents a condition of
abnormally increased blood cells.
Most of the time, word components denoting color are used
as prefixes. However, sometimes they are the root of the
medical term.
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20. ROOTS: Colors
Alb/o, Albin/o, Leuk/o – white
white
Chlor/o – green
green
Cirrh/o – orange-yellow
orange-yellow
Cyan/o – blue
blue
Eosin/o, Erythr/o, Rhod/o, Rose/o, Rubr/i/o – red, rosy
red, rosy
Flav/o, Jaund/o, Lute/o, Xanth/o – yellow
yellow
Fusc/o – dark brown
dark brown
Glauc/o – gray, bluish greenan/o – black
black
Poli/o, Tephr/o – gray, ashen
gray, ashen
Purpur/i - purple
purple
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21. THE BODY
 BLOOD
 CARDIOVASCULAR
 ENDOCRINE
 GASTROINTESTINAL
 INTEGUMENTARY
 LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE
 MUSCULAR
 NERVOUS
 REPRODUCTIVE
– FEMALE
 REPRODUCTIVE
– MALE
 RESPIRATORY
 SENSES (5)
 SKELETAL
 URINARY
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21

22. 22
22
BLOOD SYSTEM
• Agglutin/o – clumping
• Amyl/o - starch
• Anis/o – unequal
• Angi/o – blood/ lymph vessels
• Arteri/o - artery
• Bas/o, basi/o – base, foundation
• Coagul/o – coagulation, clotting
• Eosin/o – red, rosy, dawn
• Erythr/o – red
• Ferr/i, ferr/o – iron
• Granul/o – granules
• Haem/a, hem/o, hemat/o - blood

23. BLOOD SYSTEM
• Kal/i – potassium
• Leuk/o – white
• Myel/o – bone marrow, spinal cord
• Natr/o – sodium
• Neutr/o –neutral
• Norm/o – normal, usual
• Phleb/o - vein
• Phosphat/o – phosphate
• Poikil/o – variation, irregular
• Pykn/o, pycn/o – thick, dense
• Rhod/o – red, rosy
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24. BLOOD SYSTEM
• Sangu/i, sanguin/o – blood
• Sapr/o – rotten, decay
• Schist/o – split, cleft
• Ser/o – serum, serous
• Sider/o – iron
• Spher/o – round, sphere
• Strept/o – twisted, curved
• Thromb/o – clot, thrombus
• Vas/o, vascul/o – blood vessel
• Ven/o - vein
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25. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
1. Hem/o/lysis - ______________________
2. Hyper/kal/emia - ___________________
3. Thromb/o/pheresis - ________________
4. Hyp/o/volemia - ____________________
5. Erythr/o/cyte - _____________________
6. Phleb/itis - ________________________
7. Hemat/o/logy - _____________________
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©2009 by Flex Ed All Rights Reserved
©2009 by Flex Ed All Rights Reserved

26. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
1. Hem/o/lysis –
2. Hyper/kal/emia –
3. Thromb/o/pheresis -
4. Hyp/o/volemia –
5. Erythr/o/cyte –
6. Phleb/itis –
7. Hemat/o/logy -
 Blood breakdown
 Excess potassium in the blood
 Clot removal
 Low blood volume
 Red blood cell
 Vein inflammation
 Study of blood
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27. CARDIOVASCULAR
• Cardium – the heart
• Cardi/o – heart
• Angi/o – vessel
• Aort/o – aorta
• Arteri/o - artery
• Ather/o – fatty substance, plaque
• Atri/o – atrium
• Coron/o – heart
• Embol/o – embolus, clot
• Isch/o – supress, restraint
• Mi/o – less, smaller
• My/o - muscle
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28. CARDIOVASCULAR
• Palpit/o, palpitat/o – flutter, throbbing
• Rhe/o – flow, current, stream
• Sphygm/o – pulse
• Tel/e – distant, far, end
• Valv/o, valvul/o – valve
• Varic/o – varicose veins
• Vas/o, vascul/o – vessel
• Ven/o – vein
• Ventricul/o – heart/ brain ventricle
• Venul/o - venule
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28

29. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
1. Cardi/o/megaly - ____________________
2. Cardi/o/my/o/pathy - _________________
3. Brady/card/ia - _____________________
4. Tachy/card/ia - _____________________
5. Peri/card/ium - _____________________
6. My/o/card/ia - ______________________
7. Sphygm/o/man/o/meter - _____________
8. Arteri/o/scler/osis - __________________
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29

30. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
1. Cardi/o/megaly -
2. Cardi/o/my/o/pathy
3. Brady/card/ia -
4. Tachy/card/ia -
5. Peri/card/ium -
6. My/o/card/ia -
7. Sphygm/o/man/o/meter -
8. Arteri/o/scler/osis -
• Enlarged heart
• Heart muscle disease
• Slow heart rate
• Fast heart rate
• Sac around the heart
• Heart muscle
• Blood pressure cuff
• Hardening of the arteries
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31. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
 Medial, Medi/o – midline, toward the center (middle)
 Lateral, Later/o – towards the side, away from the
midline
 Superior, Super/o – above, over
 Inferior, Infer/o – below, under
 Proximal, Proxim/o – near, closest to the origin
 Distal, Dist/o – away from, farthest from the origin
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31

32. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
 Cranial, crani/o – toward the head
 Caudal, caud/o – toward the back or tail
 Dorsal, dors/o – near upper surface, back
 Ventral, ver/o – toward the bottom, front
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 Posterior, poster/o – back, behind, after, toward the rear
 Anterior, anter/o – front, in front of

33. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
1. Mediosuperior –
2. Inferolateral –
3. Laterosuperior –
4. Inferomedial –
5. Posterosuperior –
6. Anterolateral –
7. Posteromedial –
8. Proximolateral -
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33

34. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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34
1. Mediosuperior –
2. Inferolateral –
3. Laterosuperior –
4. Inferomedial –
5. Posterosuperior –
6. Anterolateral –
7. Posteromedial –
8. Proximolateral -
Middle, upper
Below, to the side
To the side, upper
Below, middle
Back, upper
Front, to the side
Back, middle
Closest to the point of
origin, to the side

35. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Acr/o – extremities
• Aden/o – gland
• Adren/o – adrenal glands
• Cortic/o – cortex
• Crin/o – secrete, separate
• Gluc/o, glyc/o – glucose, sugar
• Hirsut/o – hairy
• Hormon/o – hormone
• Hidr/o - sweat
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• Sial/o - saliva
• Thym/o – thymus gland
• Thyr/o, thyriod/o – thyroid
gland
• Tox/o, toxic/o – poison,
toxins
• Troph/o – growth,
nourishment

36. MATCH THE TERMS
1. Adrenalectomy
2. Adrenalitis
3. Pancreatalgia
4. Pancreatolith
5. Corticoadrenal
6. Crinogenic
7. Hirsutism
8. Hormonopoiesis
9. Pinealopathy
A. Pancreatic stone
B. Pertaining to the cortex
adrenal glands
C. Condition of being hairy
D. Removal of adrenal glands
E. Hormone formation
F. Disease of the pineal gland
G. Pain in the pancreas
H. Inflammed adrenal glands
I. Production of secretions
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36

37. MATCH THE TERMS
1. Adrenalectomy
2. Adrenalitis
3. Pancreatalgia
4. Pancreatolith
5. Corticoadrenal
6. Crinogenic
7. Hirsutism
8. Hormonopoiesis
9. Pinealopathy
– Removal of adrenal glands
– Inflammed adrenal glands
– Pain in the pancreas
– Pancreatic stone
– Cortex and adrenal glands
– Production of secretions
– Condition of being hairy
– Hormone formation
– Disease of the pineal gland
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37

38. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
• Abdomin/o – abdomen
• Amyl/o – starch
• An/o – anus
• Bil/i – bile
• Bucc/o – cheek
• Cec/o – cecum
• Celi/o – abdomen
• Chol/e – gall, bile
• Cholecyst/o - gallbladder
• Col/o – colon
• Dent/i - tooth
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39. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
• Dips/o – thirst
• Duoden/o – doudenum
• Enter/o – intestines
• Esophag/o – esophogus
• Gastr/o – stomach
• Gingiv/o – gums
• Gloss/o – tongue
• Hepat/o – liver
• Ile/o – ileum
• Jejun/o - jejunum
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Please pass the
thingy for the
thingy.

40. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
• Lapar/o – abdominal wall
• Lingu/o – tongue
• Odont/o – tooth
• Or/o – mouth
• Orth/o – straight, normal,
correct
• Palat/o – palate
• Peps/o - digestion
• Peritone/o – peritoneum
• Phag/o – eating, ingestion
• Proct/o – rectum, anus
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• Ptyal/o, sial/o – saliva
• Pyr/o – heat, fever, fire
• Rect/o – rectum
• Sigmoid/o – sigmoid colon
• Staphyl/o – uvula
• Stomat/o - mouth

41. FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Cholescystectomy - _______________________
• Colonoscopy - ____________________________
• Hepatomegaly - __________________________
• Abdominocentesis - _______________________
• Biligenesis – _____________________________
• Colostomy - _____________________________
• Enteroclysis - ____________________________
• Esophagocele - ___________________________
• Epigastric - ______________________________
• Gingivitis - ______________________________
• Laparoscope - ____________________________
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41

42. FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Cholescystectomy
• Colonoscopy
• Hepatomegaly
• Abdominocentesis
• Biligenesis
• Colostomy
• Enteroclysis
• Esophagocele
• Epigastric
• Gingivitis
• Laparoscope
Removal of the gallbladder
Examination of the colon
Enlarged liver
To draw fluid from the abdomen
The production of bile
Forming an opening between the
colon and the abdominal wall
Irrigation/washing of the intestines
Swelling/herniation of esophagus
Pertaining to above the stomach
Inflammed gums
Instrument to examine abdomen
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42

43. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
• Acanth/o – thorny, spiny
• Actin/o – ray, radiation
• Brom/o – odor
• Caus/o, cauter/o – burn
• Chrom/o – color
• Chrys/o – gold
• Cutane/o – skin
• Derm/o, dermat/o – skin
• Erythem/o – flushed, redness
• Eschar/o – scab
• Hidr/o, sud/o - sweat
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43

44. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
• Lepid/o – flakes, scales
• Lepr/o – leprosy
• Onych/o, Ungu/o – nail
• Papul/o – papule, pimple,
acne
• Perspir/o – breathe
through
• Pil/o, Trich/o – hair
• Prurit/o, Psor/o – itching
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44
• Py/o – pus
• Rhytid/o – wrinkle
• Seb/o – sebum
• Steat/o – fat
• Ul/o – scar, scarring
• Verruc/i – wart
• Xer/o - dry

45. MATCH THE TERMS
• Causalgia
• Dermatopathy
• Escharectomy
• Onychomycosis
• Lepidosis
• Dermatitis
• Xeroderma
• Papulosis
• Verrucosis
• Hyperulosis
• Condition of fungal nails
• Removal of a scab
• Burning pain
• Skin inflammation
• Skin disease
• Condition of pimples, acne
• Condition of flaky skin
• Excessive scarring
• Dry skin
• Condition of warts
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45

46. LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Adenoid/o – adenoids
• Axill/o – armpit
• Immun/o – protection,
immune
• Lien/o – spleen
• Lymph/o – lymph
• Lymphaden/o – lymph
nodes
• Nod/o – knot
• Ple/o - more
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46
• Sarc/o – flesh
• Septic/o –the immune
response to a severe
infection, putrefaction
• Splen/o – spleen
• Tetan/o – tetanus
• Tonsill/o – tonsils
• Top/o – particular place or
area
• Vaccin/o - vaccine

47. FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Axillary lymphadenitis - ______________
• Lymphedema - _____________________
• Splenemphraxis - ___________________
• Lymphangiophlebitis - ________________
• Prophylaxis - _______________________
• Septicemia - _______________________
• Tonsillitis - ________________________
• Lienomalacia - ______________________
• Nodular - __________________________
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47

48. FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Axillary
lymphadenitis
• Lymphedema
• Splenemphraxis
• Lymphangio-
phlebitis
• Prophylaxis
• Septicemia
• Tonsillitis
• Lienomalacia
• Nodular
– Inflammation of the lymph
nodes in the armpits
– Lymph swelling
– Spleen obstruction
– Venous inflammation of the
lymphatic vessels
– Prevention of a disease
– Immune response to a severe
blood infection
– Inflammation of the tonsils
– Softening of the spleen
– Pertaining to knots
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48

49. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Asthen/o - weakness
• Aux/o – growth, acceleration
• Erg/o – work
• Fasci/o –fascia, connective
tissue
• Fibr/o – fiber, fibrous
• Flect/o, flex/o – bend
• Kinesi/o – movement
• Lei/o –smooth
• Ligament/o – ligament
• Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o –
muscle
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49

50. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Pale/o – old
• Pyg/o – buttock
• Rhabd/o - rod
• Rhabdomy/o - skeletal muscle
• Rot/o, Rotat/o – turn, rotate, revolve
• Sthen/o – strength
• Syndesm/o – ligament, connective tissue
• Ten/o, Tenont/o – tendon
• Therapeut/o – treatment
• Ton/o – tone, tension
50
50

51. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Ankyl/o – stiff, crooked, bent
• Arthr/o, Articul/o – joint
• Brachi/o – arm
• Burs/o – bursa
• Calcane/o – heel
• Carp/o – wrist
• Centr/o – center
• Cephal/o – head
• Cervic/o – cervix, neck of the
uterus
• Cheir/o, Chir/o – hand
• Chondr/o - cartilage
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51

52. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Cleid/o – clavicle
• Coccyg/o – coccyx, tailbone
• Cost/o – rib
• Cox/o – hip
• Crani/o – skull
• Cubit/o – elbow, forearm
• Dactyl/o – digit of finger/toe
• Dent/o – tooth, teeth
• Faci/o – face
• Femor/o – femur
• Fibul/o – fibula, small calf
bone
• Geni/o – chin
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52

53. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Gnath/o – jaw
• Gnos/o – knowledge
• Goni/o – angle
• Gyr/o – circle, spiral
• Humer/o – humerus, upper arm bone
• Ili/o – ilium, bone in pelvis
• Ischi/o – ischium, lower back hip
bone
• Kyph/o – humpback
• Lamin/o – lamina, plate or layer
• Lip/o – fat
• Lord/o – curvature, bending
• Lox/o – oblique, slanting
• Lumb/o – lower back, loin
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53

54. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Maxill/o – maxilla, upper jaw
• Mel/o – limb, limbs
• Om/o – shoulder
• Opisth/o – backward, behind
• Oste/o – bone
• Patell/o – patella, knee cap
• Ped/o, pod/o – foot
• Pelv/i – pelvis
• Perone/o – fibula, small calf bone
• Petr/o – stone
• Phalang/o – phalanges, finger/
toe bones
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54

55. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Pub/o – pubis
• Rachi/o – spine
• Sacr/o – sacrum, triangular
bone @ bottom of spine &
back of pelvic cavity
• Scapul/o – scapula,
shoulder blade
• Scoli/o – crooked, twisted
• Skelet/o – skeleton
• Spin/o – spinal cord, spine
• Spondyl/o – vertebrae,
spinal cord
• Stern/o – sternum
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55
• Synov/o – synovia, joint
fluid membrane
• Tal/o – talus, bone
connecting leg to foot
• Tars/o – tarsus, foot bone,
edge of eyelid
• Tibi/o – tibia, large calf bone
• Vertebr/o – vertebra
• Xiph/o – sword-shaped,
xiphoid

56. MATCH THE TERMS
‗ Bursitis
‗ Hydrocephalus
‗ Lipochondroma
‗ Intercostal
‗ Myasthenia
‗ Pygalgia
‗ Arthritis
‗ Craniotomy
‗ Kyphoscoliosis
‗ Myocarcinoma
e
h
j
a
d
b
f
c
g
i
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56
a. Between ribs
b. Pain in the buttocks
c. Cut into skull
d. Muscle weakness
e. Inflammation of bursa
f. Joint inflammation
g. Humpback/crooked spine
h. Fluid in the head
i. Cancer tumor in muscle
j. Tumor of fat & cartilage

57. NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Astr/o – star
• Atel/o – incomplete,
imperfect
• Cerebell/o – cerebellum
• Cerebr/o – cerebrum, brain
• Drom/o – running
• Encephal/o – brain
• Esthesi/o – sensation,
feeling
• Gangli/o, Ganglion/o – a
cyst on/around joint/tendon
• Gli/o – glue, neuroglia
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57
• Heli/o – sun
• Hydr/o – water, hydrogen
• Keraun/o – lightning
• Log/o – word, speech,
thought
• Mening/o – meninges,
membranes
• Ment/o – mind
• Myel/o – spinal cord, bone
marrow

58. NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Narc/o – numbness,
stupor
• Neur/o – nerve
• Phaner/o – visible,
apparent
• Phob/o – fear, aversion
• Phren/o – mind,
diaphragm
• Picr/o – bitter
• Pies/i – pressure
• Pleg/o - paralyzed
• Poli/o – gray (matter)
• Por/o – opening,
passageway
58
58
• Psych/o – mind
• Psychr/o – cold
• Radicul/o – nerve root
• Rhiz/o – root
• Schiz/o – split, division
• Somn/i – sleep
• Syring/o – tube, fistula
• Tax/o – coordination
• Tel/o – end
• Tephr/o – gray (ashen)
• Thanat/o – death
• Thec/o – sheath
• Vag/o – vagus nerve

59. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Atelomyelia - ____________________________
2. Cerebellospinal - _________________________
3. Encephalomalacia - _______________________
4. Esthesioneurosis - ________________________
5. Gliocyte - _______________________________
6. Hypnotic - _______________________________
7. Insomnia - ______________________________
8. Meningocele - ___________________________
9. Myelocele - _____________________________
10.Neurotripsy - ____________________________
11. Vagolysis - ______________________________
59
59

60. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Atelomyelia
2. Cerebellospinal
3. Encephalomalacia
4. Esthesioneurosis
5. Gliocyte
6. Hypnotic
7. Insomnia
8. Meningocele
9. Myelocele
10.Neurotripsy
11.Vagolysis
− Imperfect spinal cord
− Pertaining to cerebellum/spine
− Softening of the brain
− Condition of nerve sensation
− Cell glue
− Pertaining to sleep
− Condition of not sleeping
− Membrane swelling/herniation
− Spinal cord swelling/herniation
− Nerve break down
− Vagus nerve destruction
60
60

61. Reproductive System: FEMALE
• Amni/o – sac around the embryo
• Cervic/o –neck of the uterus, cervix
• Chor/i – chorion, two layers that surround the
embryo/amniotic sac and other membranes
• Colp/o, vagin/o – vagina
• Culd/o – cul-de-sac
• Embry/o – embryo, fetus
• Episi/o, vulv/o – vulva
• Fet/o – fetus
• Galact/o, lact/o – milk
• Gravid/o - pregnancy
• Gynec/o – woman
61
61

62. Reproductive System: FEMALE
• Helc/o – ulcer
• Hymen/o – hymen, membrane that surrounds the
vaginal opening
• Hyster/o, uter/o – uterus
• Lecith/o – yolk, ovum
• Mamm/o – mammary glands in breast
• Mast/o – breast
• Men/o – menses, menstruation
• Metr/o – uterus
• Nat/o – birth
• O/o, ov/i, ov/o – egg, ovum
• Obstetr/o – midwife
62
62

63. FEMALE Continued
• Omphal/o – navel
• Oophor/o, ovari/o – ovary
• Perine/o – perineum, surface area between the pubic
arch, the tailbone, & the legs (male or female)
• Per/o – deformed, maimed
• Sacchar/o – sugar
• Salping/o – fallopian tubes
• Terat/o – monster, wonder
• Thel/o – nipple
• Toc/o – childbirth, labor
• Tub/o – tube
• Viv/i – life, alive
63
63

64. MATCH THE TERMS
‗ Amniocentesis
‗ Cervicovaginitis
‗ Ovariocyesis
‗ Episiostenosis
‗ Hysterosalpingooph
or-ectomy
‗ Lactorrhea
‗ Menopause
‗ Menorrhagia
‗ Neonatology
‗ Septipara
a. hardening of the vulva
b. milk discharge
c. study of new birth
d. to puncture/tap into the wall of the
uterus to draw out amniotic fluid
e. menstrual cessation
f. seven pregnancies
g. excessive menstrual flow
h. inflamed cervix and vagina
i. removal of the uterus, fallopian
tubes, and ovaries
j. pregnancy in an ovary
64
64
d.
d.
h.
h.
j.
j.
a.
a.
i.
i.
b.
b.
e.
e.
g.
g.
c.
c.
f.
f.

65. Reproductive System: MALE
• Andr/o – male
• Balan/o – glans penis, tip of the
penis
• Blenn/o - mucus
• Crypt/o – hidden, concealed
• Epididym/o – epididymis
• Genit/o – reproduction
• Gon/o – genitals, semen
• Gonad/o – gonads, primary
reproductive organs (testes-
male, ovaries-female)
• Inguin/o - groin
• Olig/o – scanty, few, little
• Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o – testis
65
65

66. Reproductive System: MALE
• Osche/o – scrotum
• Phall/o – penis
• Phim/o – muzzle
• Prostat/o – prostate glands
• Semen/i - semen
• Sperm/o, spermat/o – sperm, spermatozoa
• Test/o, testicul/o – testis
• Vas/o – vas deferens, vessel
• Venere/o – sexual intercourse
• Vesicul/o – seminal vesicle, gland that produces
70% of the fluid that becomes semen
66
66

67. FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Balanoblennorrhea - _________________
• Gonorrhea - _______________________
• Oligospermia - _____________________
• Orchidynia - _______________________
• Oscheoplasty - _____________________
• Phallemphraxis - ____________________
• Spermicide - _______________________
• Vasectomy - _______________________
67
67

68. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Balanoblennorrhea
2. Gonorrhea
3. Oligospermia
4. Orchidynia
5. Oscheoplasty
6. Phallemphraxis
7. Spermicide
8. Vasectomy
1. Mucus discharge from the
glans penis
2. Genital discharge
3. Pertaining to low sperm
4. Pain in the testis
5. Scrotum corrective surgery
6. Penis obstruction
7. Sperm killer
8. Removal of vas deferens
68
68

69. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Alveol/o – alveolus
• Aspir/o, aspirat/o – inhaling,
removal
• Blenn/o – mucus
• Bronch/o – bronchus, airway
• Bronchiol/o – bronchiole
• Capn/o – carbon dioxide
• Coni/o – dust
• Epiglott/o – epiglottis
• Lal/o – speech, babble
• Lampr/o – clear
• Laryng/o – larynx
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69
• Lept/o – slender, thin,
delicate
• Lob/o – lobe
• Mediastin/o – mediastinum,
central area of thoracic cavity
• Nas/o – nose
• Olfact/o, osm/o, osphresi/o –
sense of smell, odor, impulse
• Ox/o – oxygen
• Pector/o – chest
• Phas/o – speech

70. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Phon/o – voice, sound
• Phren/o – diaphragm, mind
• Pimel/o - fat, fatty
• Pleur/o – pleura
• Pnea – breathing, breath
• Pneum/o, pneumon/o –
lung, air
• Pulmon/o – lung
• Respir/o, respirat/o –
breath, breathing
• Rhin/o – nose
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70
• Sept/o – partition
• Silic/o – silica, quartz
• Sin/o, sinus/o – cavity, sinus
• Span/o – scanty, scarce
• Spir/o – breath, breathing
• Steth/o – chest
• Therm/o – heat
• Thorac/o, thorax/o – chest
• Trache/o – trachea

71. MATCH THE TERMS
‗ Apnea
‗ Alveolar atelectasis
‗ Bronchospasm
‗ Epiglottitis
‗ Hemoptysis
‗ Hemothorax
‗ Hypercapnia
‗ Hypoxia
‗ Laryngoscope
‗ Pneumonitis
‗ Spirometry
‗ Stethoscope
‗ Thoracentesis
‗ Trachealmalacia
a) condition of excessive carbon dioxide
b) to puncture/tap to draw fluid from the
thoracic cavity
c) blood in the thoracic cavity
d) trachea softening
e) instrument to examine the larynx
f) inflammation of the epiglottis
g) without breathing
h) instrument to examine/listen to chest
i) incomplete expansion of alveoli
j) low/deficient oxygen
k) lung inflammation
l) spitting up blood
m) to measure breathing
n) airway contraction/twitching
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71
g.
g.
i.
i.
n.
n.
f.
f.
l.
l.
c.
c.
a.
a.
j.
j.
e.
e.
k.
k.
m.
m.
h.
h.
b.
b.
d.
d.

72. URINARY SYSTEM
• Albumin/o – albumin
• Azot/o – nitrogen, urea
• Calci/o – calcium
• Cali/o – calyx
• Cupr/o - copper
• Cyst / o – bladder
• Fusc/o – dark brown
• Glomerul/o - glomerulus
• Glyc/o, gluc/o – sugar
• Keton/o – ketones
• Lith/o – stone, calculus
72
72
• Nephr/o – kidney
• Py/o – pus
• Pyel/o – renal pelvis
• Ren/o – kidney
• Ur/o, urin/o – urine
• Ureter/o – ureter
• Urethr/o – urethra
• Uric/o – uric acid
• Vesic/o – urinary
bladder

73. FILL IN THE BLANKS
• Cholecystectomy - ________________________
• Cystitis - ________________________________
• Hematuria - _____________________________
• Nephrolithectomy - _______________________
• Nephrology - ____________________________
• Nephrosclerosis - _________________________
• Pyuria - _________________________________
• Renogastric - ____________________________
• Ureterostomy - ___________________________
• Urethratresia - ___________________________
73
73

74. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Cystectomy
2. Cystitis
3. Hematuria
4. Nephrolithectomy
5. Nephrology
6. Nephrosclerosis
7. Pyuria
8. Renogastric
9. Ureterostomy
10.Urethratresia
− Removal of the bladder
− Bladder/cyst inflammation
− Pertaining to blood in the urine
− Removal of kidney stones
− The study of the kidneys
− Hardening of the kidneys
− Pus in the urine
− Pertaining to the kidneys & stomach
− Forming a new opening for the ureter
− Occlusion of the urethra
74
74

75. FIVE SENSES: HEARING
• Acous/o, acoust/o - hearing
• Audi/o, audit/o – hearing
• Aur/o - ear
• Aricul/o – ear
• Cochle/o – snail-shaped,
auditory portion of inner ear
• Myring/o - eardrum
• Ot/o – ear
• Son/o - sound
• Tympan/o - eardrum
75
75

76. FIVE SENSES: SMELL
• Nas/o – nose
• Olfact/o – smell
• Osm/o – smell
• Ophresi/o - smell
• Rhin/o - nose
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76
I smell
trouble!

77. FIVE SENSES: TOUCH
• Haph/e – touch
• Pselaphes/o – touch
• Tact/o – touch
• Thigm/o - touch
77
77

78. FIVE SENSES: TASTE
• Gloss/o - tongue
• Gustat/o – taste
• Gust/o – taste
• Lingu/o - tongue
• Or/o – mouth
• Stomat/o – mouth
78
78

79. FIVE SENSES: VISION
• Blephar/o, palpebr/o –
eyelid
• Conjunctiv/o –
conjunctiva, thin
membrane that covers
the inside of the eyelid &
outside of eyeball
• Cor/o, pupill/o – pupil
• Corne/o – cornea
• Dacry/o – tear
• Dipl/o – double
• Hygr/o – moisture
• Ir/o, irid/o – iris
• Kerat/o – cornea
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79
• Lacrim/o – tear/lacrimal
duct
• Logad/o – whites of the
eyes
• Ocul/o – eye
• Ophry/o – eyebrow
• Ophthalm/o – eye
• Opt/o – vision
• Phac/o, phak/o – lens
• Retin/o – retina
• Scler/o – sclera
• Stigmat/o – point
• Uve/o – uvea
• Vitre/o - glassy

80. MATCH THE TERMS
1. Acoustic
2. Myringosis
3. Otodynia
4. Otorrhea
5. Nasopharyngeal
6. Osmosis
7. Rhinoplasty
8. Rhinohemorrhagia
9. Haphephobia
10.Haphalgia
11.Thigmesthesia
12.Glossoepiglottic
13.Glossodynia
14.Stomatopathy
15.Blepharoptosis
16.Conjunctivitis
17.Diplopia
18.Opthalmologist
19.Phacomalacia
a) Pain in the ear
b) Pertaining to the nose and pharynx
c) Condition of smelling
d) Surgical repair/correction of the nose
e) Pertaining to hearing
f) Ear discharge
g) Condition of the eardrum
h) Painful touch
i) Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis
j) Drooping eyelid
k) Excessive blood flow from the nose
l) Eye specialist
m) Sensation of touch
n) Fear of being touched
o) Double vision
p) Tongue pain
q) Softening of the lens of the eye
r) Inflammation of the conjunctiva
s) Disease of the mouth 80
80

81. MATCH THE TERMS
1. Acoustic
2. Myringosis
3. Otodynia
4. Otorrhea
5. Nasopharyngeal
6. Osmosis
7. Rhinoplasty
8. Rhinohemorrhagia
9. Haphephobia
10.Haphalgia
11.Thigmesthesia
12.Glossoepiglottic
13.Glossodynia
14.Stomatopathy
15.Blepharoptosis
16.Conjunctivitis
17.Diplopia
18.Opthalmologist
19.Phacomalacia
a) Pain in the ear
b) Pertaining to the nose and pharynx
c) Condition of smelling
d) Surgical repair/correction of the nose
e) Pertaining to hearing
f) Ear discharge
g) Condition of the eardrum
h) Painful touch
i) Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis
j) Drooping eyelid
k) Excessive blood flow from the nose
l) Eye specialist
m) Sensation of touch
n) Fear of being touched
o) Double vision
p) Tongue pain
q) Softening of the lens of the eye
r) Inflammation of the conjunctiva
s) Disease of the mouth 81
81

82. TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES
• Antispasmodic – drug agent that supresses involuntary
contractions
• Aphagia – difficulty or loss of the ability to swallow or eat
• Sumptomatology – the study of symptoms
• Perianal – pertaining to around the anus
• Thrombus – a solid mass formed in the heart or vessels
(blood clot)
• Lithotomy – incision to remove a stone
• Uremia – pertaining to urea in the blood
• Emphysema – a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues
or organs
• Pyocele – collection of pus in a bodily cavity
82
82

83. TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES
• Pneumothorax – air in the chest / thorax
• Diplegia – paralysis of like parts on both sides of
the body
• Leukemia – progressive, malignant disease of
the blood forming organs, a type of cancer
• Multipara – a woman who has had two or more
births
• Autodiagnosis – self diagnosis

84. TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES
• Contraindication – any condition that renders a treatment
as improper or undesirable
• Transposition – displacement of a viscus to the opposite
side
• Acute – having sudden severe symptoms, usually life-
threatening
• Angina – chest pain
• Cellular – pertaining to cells
• Deltoid – resembling a triangle, rotator cuff, muscle in
shoulder

85. Questions?