Introduction to behavioral insights for global development
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Slide deck for a presentation at Global Affairs Canada in May 2017
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Introduction to behavioral insights for global development
- 2. We drive innovation through a global network and a dedicated team Addis Ababa | Amman | Bangkok | Istanbul | New York | Panama City
- 3. We drive innovation through 130 initiatives in 75 countries
- 4. We drive innovation through a decentralized fund
- 6. Innovation Testing Hypothesis Assumption | Test | Measure | Learn | Iterate | Scale
- 7. Report on corruption? Increase uptake of social services? Follow-through with medial treatment? Improve education outcomes? Provide feedback to government?
- 8. Busia, Western Kenya – increasing fertilizer use
- 9. Define Diagnose Design Test Not enough farmers use fertilizers despite stated intentions to do so Mismatch in Timing Opportunity Cost of Traveling to Purchase Fertilizer Option to Purchase Vouchers Option for Fertilizer Delivery Random Sampling Control Group Treatment Group
- 10. Addressing behavioural barriers for fertilizer use 14% 39% 46% Control Voucher & Delivery Voucher, Delivery & Subsidy
- 11. “If you want to encourage someone to do something, make it easy.” Kurt Lewin
- 13. Germany – Changing default options for green energy
- 14. 40,000 trial-participants Opt-in Rule: Only 7% of households purchased a green energy contract Opt-out Rule: Increased household participation in green energy contracts tenfold to roughly 70%
- 15. “A nudge is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.” Cass Sunstein
- 18. Source of last three slides: Applying Behavioural Insights to Organ Donation: preliminary results from a randomised controlled trial by UK Behavioral Insights Team
- 22. Initial results from medical adherence trial in Moldova 40% 80% Control Treatment
- 24. Nepal – promoting gender equality
- 25. Stereotype Threat Reminding people of stereotypes against them can depress their performance in a field where other groups stereotypically dominate.
- 26. Watching the videos did not have an effect on the test performance of men or women 745 participants; 394 men, 349 women Control 272 people did not watch any videos Treatment 227 watched videos where the stereotypical roles of men and women were flipped
- 27. “Roughly speaking, losses hurt about twice as much as gains make you feel good.” Richard Thaler
- 29. Legal frameworks prevent progress to achieve gender equality and combat GBV Change agents positively influence each other A report will trigger action There are change agents UNDP presents findings in report Policy makers will be inclined to act Present report & offer follow-up
Editor's Notes
- The Innovation team is based across all 5 Regional Hubs and HQ. This team is tasked with scanning the horizon: identifying promising approaches, solutions and technologies that are out there, perhaps used by the private and public sector, and to bring them to UNDP, to Country Offices to test them. At UNDP we ‘disrupt’ business as usual, encourage change in the search for ever greater effectiveness, and identify new ways of doing things which could be of wide benefit.
- Launched in June 2014, the UNDP Innovation Facility is a global mechanism to support innovation for development – effectively the “home” of UNDP’s drive to systematically innovate. This includes catalytic seed capital - between US$20,000 and US$160,000 for R+D
- Farmers in Western Kenya – Story / Background
- Outline - Define-Diagnose-Design-Test
- Control Group: 876 Treatment Group: 716 Funded by John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. ICS–Africa (Investing in Children and their Societies - Africa), a Dutch NGO, operationalized the delivery system and payment of the subsidy. Source: http://www.poverty-action.org/study/nudging-farmers-use-fertilizer-experimental-evidence-kenya
- Default Options Look for visual When did this decision point come up, and how was I presented with it See if I can find the online form With default option nuclear energy, only 7% choose clean energy
- Almost 42,000 participants. Options were presented to people purchasing new energy contracts. RCT was embedded in webpage of a nationwide energy supplier; targeted prospective customers. Households chose between energy contracts with a high or low service quality, and both types offer the option to uniquely use energy from renewable sources. Sources: goo.gl/1HOVx5 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/06/15/want-to-fix-the-world-start-by-making-clean-energy-a-default-setting/?utm_term=.ecb5a89a9310
- TB remains a challenge for the public health despite the best efforts by all involved as Moldova failed to deliver on its commitments on MDG 6: according to WHO Moldova has one of the highest documented levels of TB and multi-drug resistant-TB in Europe (10.5 mortality rate per 100,000 persons). The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria ranks the country second among 110 countries by level of funds provided per capita. Among the primary concerns is the increasing rate of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis , which is much trickier and more expensive to treat. One of the major reasons for this is the low drug adherence rate - people tend to discontinue treatment once they leave the hospital. With TB treatment basically free it is completely counter-intuitive that some people quit treatment and put their and others lives at risk. This is exactly the issue where modern development agencies should help: not simply bring money and implement projects, but draw on the available expertise networks and build partnerships to work with the national counterparts to develop a solution relevant in Moldovan context. And this is how our joint work with the Ministry of Health and Behavioral Insights Team (formerly the UK Cabinet Office) has started. We began investigating why exactly TB patients drop out once they are released from hospitals? Our ultimate hypothesis is that the way post-hospital treatment is organized, i.e. need to daily commute to clinic to swallow the pill in front of the doctor (so-called directly observed treatment, DOT), simply drives up the patients’ friction costs. That’s expensive, time-consuming, and furthermore since side effects of the drugs include nausea and fatigue, totally exhausting… One of the ways to overcome these frictions costs is video observed treatment (VOT), where patients swallow pills in front of webcam instead of daily commuting. VOT would make the lives of patients more comfortable and save doctors time by easing the flow of patients. It would also allow for covering more migrant workers and perhaps cut costs in the long term. This has been our hypothesis and it would remain the hypothesis without a test. Indeed, we cannot advocate for changes in the existing national protocols without having robust evidence. How can we get it? We decided to set up the Randomized Control Trial (RCT). In a nutshell, idea is the following: we randomly divide a cohort of statistically similar TB patients in Chisinau in two groups: “control group”, which follows standard procedure, and “treatment group”, which follows our new VOT procedure. After the treatment period is finished we compare the results and if we see that drug adherence rate is higher in “treatment group” it means VOT procedure works and can become viable alternative to the standard DOT. And thus it can save many human lives and public money.
- Control Group: 876 Treatment Group: 716 Funded by John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. ICS–Africa (Investing in Children and their Societies - Africa), a Dutch NGO, operationalized the delivery system and payment of the subsidy. Source: http://www.poverty-action.org/study/nudging-farmers-use-fertilizer-experimental-evidence-kenya