The document provides an introduction to art and design. It discusses key concepts like the basic elements of art including line, shape, color, texture and pattern. It outlines objectives of art like beauty, expressiveness and functionalism. It also describes different types of designs including structural design, decorative design, naturalistic design, stylized design, abstract design and geometric design. Design is defined as the arrangement of these elements to create aesthetically pleasing objects while considering principles of art.

1. Introduction to Art And Design

2. Introduction to Art And Design
• The word ‘Art ‘
• means the application of skill and taste to the production of beautiful things.
• A simple house can be made to look attractive by decorating its interiors tastefully. Almost every
human being has some natural ability to recognize beauty and suitability in interiors and in
arrangement of their furnishings.
• Interior decoration is an art of adjusting the space, furnishings and equipment to suit
the fundamental and cultural needs of the family members and thus creating a
pleasant atmosphere.
• This art or talent can be developed by observation, study, experience and developing skills in
creative art. A design is a visual plan used in creating beauty. Everything an individual visualizes
has a design and we use words that tell about the lines, shapes, colors, textures and patterns to
explain the design.
The basic elements of art are the lines, shapes, colors, textures, patterns and space.
• The knowledge of elements of design are important to everyone who works in home
interiors, wood working, photography, landscaping, architecture, and the visual arts. An
individual who understands the design elements will be more successful in designing home and
interior space of any building.

3. Objectives
• Beauty
• Expressiveness, and
• Functionalism

5. One simple definition of beauty is
.
According to an Oriental proverb,
Ultimately, beauty leads to aesthetics and the underlying basic factor in esthetics
is the elements of art.

6. 2. Expressiveness:
•
One way to approach the subject of selecting, decorating, and furnishing a home is to
seek or express some definite idea or theme. Some of the ideas that are expressed in
homes, consciously or unconsciously are
naturalness, sophistication, intimacy, formality, warmth, coolness, delicacy,
strength, freshness, antiquity.
The most important theme that may be expressed in homes, four of the
typical ones are
•

7. A house of this character may express the following themes:
simplicity, handmade quality, sincerity, thrift, naiveté, playfulness,
rugged force, unpretentiousness, originality, or protest against
artificiality. Among the factors that contribute to the attainment of the natural
effect are the use of native materials and styles, handwork showing natural
irregularities in structure, direct treatment, inexpensive materials and primitive
colors. Fine finish and imitations are avoided.

8. Indicates the importance of functionalism in a
modern house. The families that choose
modern furnishings are usually young
courageous, experimental, impersonal, and
logical. For instance, the furnishings may be
unrefined unpolished; showing lack of skill in
workmanship, still may be functional and
comfortable. The personality of the owner
determines the idea to be expressed in a home.
The homes of today should function well. They
should give the maximum of services, comfort
and pleasure for the minimum of care. Those
who are building new houses should make no
compromises or sacrifice functionalism. Every
phase of home planning and furnishing should
be based on function.

9. • 2.3 FORMALITY: A home that expresses formality
usually also expresses dignity, strength, reserve, and
impressiveness. Features that contribute to this effect in
a house are- unbroken lines, large spaces, and a
symmetrical façade. The furniture though not
necessarily traditional in style but arranged with
formal balance.

10. 2.4 Informality:
• An outstanding characteristic of life of today is
informality in all walks of life. Naturally informality is
desired in interiors and home furnishings also. Simplicity,
informality productiveness, friendliness, hospitality,
intimate charm, bright warm colors and comfortable
furniture are the characteristics of informality in interiors
and home furnishing.

11. 3. Functionalism:
 Home should give the maximum of service.
 The selection of individual articles should be governed by a critical judgment of how
well they fulfill their functions.
 Every phase of the home planning and furnishing should be based on function.
 The number of rooms and their arrangement depend on how best they serve the
family.
 Furniture is arranged in functional groups, like for study, reading, sleeping and
conversation.
 Further of garden furniture should be waterproof and upholstery should be durable.

12. Importance of Good taste in art
and design
• Art may be so much a part of our daily living that will help us to do more beautifully, the simple homely things as well as the more
unusual. As we surround ourselves with beauty, art actually becomes a part of our life and personality, an occasional enjoyment
rather to be sought and enjoyed in everything we do and in everything we select.
• The consumers of today should have the knowledge of the principles of designs and the fundamentals of good taste. Good taste, in
the field of art, is the application of the principles of design to the problems where appearance as well as utility is the
consideration. For example in designing an art piece for interiors, furnishing a home for a family or a child’s study room or an
home office, good taste can make these projects successful.
Good taste in art and design:
 Every individual should understand and apply the elements of art, and principles of design in creation selection and arrangement of
interiors.
 The selection and arrangement must be economical and beautiful.
 Developing good taste enables an individual properly to judge.
 Beauty is determined also by the quality of the objects chosen.
 The idea is all too prevalent that in decoration, an object must be ornamented if it is to have an art “quality”. Some of the basic criteria’s for
developing

13. Good taste are as follows:
• When decoration is used, it should be simple.
• Over decoration is one of the worst faults.
• Taste is molded to a very large extent, by the things which surround us.
• The taste of the family member is influenced generally by the objects selected by the home maker.
• It is a privilege for children to develop a good taste, who live in a home in which there is an orderliness in
selection, arrangement where in beauty and good taste are automatically achieved.
Art and Design in home furnishing:
Design is the selecting and arranging of materials, with two aims i.e. orderliness and beautifying. So, Design
is any arrangement of lines, forms, colors and textures. It involved the problem of choosing these lines,
forms, colors; the materials used and in addition, create beauty in the finished product.
Objectives and guidelines to create designs
The elements of art are to be used according to the principles of design in order to achieve the objectives of
beauty, expressiveness and functionalism which in brief are given below as guidelines for creating designs

14. Definition Of Design
• Design is defined as any arrangement of line, color, space, value and texture of an object in space, or a drawing of it on a
piece of paper. It involves the proper choice of materials, forms, colors in arranging them aesthetically and tastefully,
taking care of the elements of art and the principles of design.
• Types Of Design:
Design is combination of tools and materials, methods of construction and ideas of the designer’s personality and creativity.
Sometimes the designers choose motifs which are units of design.
The designers works with elements of art and design by selecting and arranging them to a purpose, which might be functional
and ornamental or both.
Goldstein. H. and Goldstein. V. have classified designs as two types viz,
• Structural Design
• Decorative Design
• Types of Decorative Design

15. Structural
Design:
• Structural design is the design made by the size,
form, color and texture of an object, whether it be the
object itself, in space or a drawing of that object worked
out on paper.
• THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A GOOD
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
▫ Design must be simple.
▫ Design must be well proportioned and beautiful.
▫ The materials used must suit the purpose for which it is
made and also the processes that will be followed in
making it.
• Example: Flower pots and bowls with a good structural
design.

16. • Decorative design:
Decorative design is the surface enrichment
of a structural design. Any lines, colors or
materials that have been applied to it
constitute its decorative design. Structural
design is far more important than
decorative design, because it is essential to
every object, while decoration is the
“luxury” of design

17. Naturalistic
design:
• Naturalistic motifs look like pictures, usually of
flowers, fruits, animals, or scenes from nature.
When the motifs are selected from nature and
reproduced exactly it is called naturalistic
decorative design. A realistic painting of a bouquet
of flowers, leaves, naturalistic landscapes expressed
in photographic or as in painting are more or less
the exact expression of something that we see in
nature. The applications of naturalistic design in
interiors may be on pictures, wall papers, fabrics,
paintings etc.
•

18.  Stylized motifs do not look like pictures of natural objects;
usually the lines are simplified and conventionalized,
sometimes they are distorted.
 In stylized motifs, the form of leaves, flowers, animals,
fruits are used, but they are conventionalized/stylized.
 Even the form and color can be conventionalized.
 Applications of stylized designs include floor finishes,
carpets, furnishing materials, wall papers, pictures etc.
 Patterns are sometimes made as a combination of stylized
and geometric motifs.
• Ex: Stylized design of a peacock, duck, human being etc.

19. Abstract
design:
▫ A combination of lines, stripes etc. are
classified as abstracts designs. Plaids, dots,
stripes, checks and geometric pattern in
textiles are examples of abstract design.
▫ These designs may be flat design or it may
express depth, with two or three dimensional
figures and objects.
▫ In modern art, the applications of abstract
designs are widely used.
•

20. Geometric design:
▫ Geometric motifs are based on the pure forms of the circle, rectangle, triangle, stripes, dots,
checks, plaids etc, although endless variations and combinations of them are used to create
designs.
▫ Their beauty is derived from either elegance of proportions or their arrangement in relation to
other shapes in a composition. Geometric designs are widely used in crockeries, floor coverings,
wall papers, furnishing items, wall hangings, picture etc.
▫ Modern designers prefer geometric motifs in the small amount of pattern that they use.