This document provides an introduction to arid zone hydrology. It discusses key topics like the geomorphologic characteristics of arid zones, rainfall patterns in arid regions, and rainfall-runoff relationships. Specific features of arid zones are described, such as wadis, alluvial fans, and how drainage basins differ from humid regions. Methods for analyzing rainfall data, estimating runoff, and developing unit hydrographs that model the rainfall-runoff process in arid areas are also presented.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
It includes the definition, properties, classification of groundwater with appropriate examples and figures in details. It also deals about the formation of groundwater. The properties of aquifers (all of 7) are described here in details with figures and mathematical terms.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
It includes the definition, properties, classification of groundwater with appropriate examples and figures in details. It also deals about the formation of groundwater. The properties of aquifers (all of 7) are described here in details with figures and mathematical terms.
1. Ground Water Occurrence
2. Types of Aquifers
3. Aquifer Parameters
4. Darcy’s Law
5. Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil
6. Types of Wells
7. Well Construction
8. Well Development
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS - HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; 1.1. DRAINAGE B...George Dumitrache
Introductory presentation of the drainage basin systems in the first chapter of Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, suitable for AS students, consisting in the following: the global hydrological cycle, store, flows, the drainage systems, precipitation, evapotranspiration, interception, infiltration, percolation, drainage patterns, the water balance.
ICLR Friday Forum: More flood than meets the eye (Dec 7, 2018)glennmcgillivray
On December 7, 2018, ICLR conducted a Friday Forum webinar titled "More flood than meets the eye: The role of groundwater in the June 2013 Alberta floods', with Jason Abboud , University of Calgary. At over $5 billion in damages, the southern Alberta floods of 2013 are the second costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. While current flood policy in Alberta is mainly based on overland flooding, understanding groundwater inundation can better prepare for future events. Groundwater flooding can occur when the water table rises due to propagation of the rising river stages into permeable, river-connected alluvial aquifers. This study used an interdisciplinary approach to identify the route and nature of flooding in homes located adjacent to the Elbow River in Calgary, Alberta. In total, 189 surveys were collected. In homes where the initial route of entry was known, 88% were initially flooded by groundwater, and 12% reported exclusively groundwater flooding. Basement floor elevation was correlated with the severity of flooding. Of the 19 surveyed homes located outside of the 100-year overland flood zone, 47% were flooded by groundwater, indicating that groundwater flooding reaches beyond overland water-flooded areas. Hydrogeological modelling demonstrated that propagation of increased river stage into the aquifer could reasonably have caused the observed groundwater flooding. Groundwater flood resilience strategies could help mitigate future damage in groundwater flooding-prone areas.
Jason Abboud has an academic background in microbiology and geology, and is a currently finishing his Master’s in Geoscience at the University of Calgary. His recent research experience includes published work on groundwater flooding and a policy and database analysis on petroleum well liability in Alberta. His Master’s research examines pore scale processes of gas exsolution in the subsurface, relating to diverse areas such as aquifer pumping, gas hydrates, and carbon capture and storage. During his Master’s, Jason completed hydrogeology internships at Shell Canada and at Deltares in the Netherlands.
1. Ground Water Occurrence
2. Types of Aquifers
3. Aquifer Parameters
4. Darcy’s Law
5. Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil
6. Types of Wells
7. Well Construction
8. Well Development
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS - HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; 1.1. DRAINAGE B...George Dumitrache
Introductory presentation of the drainage basin systems in the first chapter of Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, suitable for AS students, consisting in the following: the global hydrological cycle, store, flows, the drainage systems, precipitation, evapotranspiration, interception, infiltration, percolation, drainage patterns, the water balance.
ICLR Friday Forum: More flood than meets the eye (Dec 7, 2018)glennmcgillivray
On December 7, 2018, ICLR conducted a Friday Forum webinar titled "More flood than meets the eye: The role of groundwater in the June 2013 Alberta floods', with Jason Abboud , University of Calgary. At over $5 billion in damages, the southern Alberta floods of 2013 are the second costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. While current flood policy in Alberta is mainly based on overland flooding, understanding groundwater inundation can better prepare for future events. Groundwater flooding can occur when the water table rises due to propagation of the rising river stages into permeable, river-connected alluvial aquifers. This study used an interdisciplinary approach to identify the route and nature of flooding in homes located adjacent to the Elbow River in Calgary, Alberta. In total, 189 surveys were collected. In homes where the initial route of entry was known, 88% were initially flooded by groundwater, and 12% reported exclusively groundwater flooding. Basement floor elevation was correlated with the severity of flooding. Of the 19 surveyed homes located outside of the 100-year overland flood zone, 47% were flooded by groundwater, indicating that groundwater flooding reaches beyond overland water-flooded areas. Hydrogeological modelling demonstrated that propagation of increased river stage into the aquifer could reasonably have caused the observed groundwater flooding. Groundwater flood resilience strategies could help mitigate future damage in groundwater flooding-prone areas.
Jason Abboud has an academic background in microbiology and geology, and is a currently finishing his Master’s in Geoscience at the University of Calgary. His recent research experience includes published work on groundwater flooding and a policy and database analysis on petroleum well liability in Alberta. His Master’s research examines pore scale processes of gas exsolution in the subsurface, relating to diverse areas such as aquifer pumping, gas hydrates, and carbon capture and storage. During his Master’s, Jason completed hydrogeology internships at Shell Canada and at Deltares in the Netherlands.
Numerical modeling in support of the characterization and remediation of impacted sediments can be a challenging task, particularly in environments where multiple physical processes influence sediment fate and transport. The interaction of various controls is particularly complex in estuarine settings, where riverine input, water levels, waves, and other coastal processes combine to create a seasonally dynamic environment. Modeling of such environments requires a comprehensive and integrated approach such that the effects of each process can be assessed individually, as these processes can be allowed to interact to reproduce the natural environment as faithfully as possible
Approach and Activities
This contribution describes the development and calibration of an integrated Delft3D numerical model that includes flow, sediment transport, wave processes, and vegetation. The model boundary conditions are based on data collected during a comprehensive field program. Field data were also used to calibrate various model input parameters (such as bed and vegetation roughness). The model was used to understand erosion and deposition during both low and high flow regimes, and thus to aid in understanding important controls on sedimentary dynamics during these predominant regimes.
Results and Lessons Learned
The integrated numerical model predictions capture important sedimentation, erosion, velocity, and water level patterns. Model predictions indicate that during periods of low riverine input, velocity patterns and sediment transport associated with periodic water level changes dominate. During riverine flood conditions flow and sedimentation patterns are controlled by the river itself. Integrated modeling of this setting, including calibration to field data provides a valuable tool for assessment of future conditions, and thus for remediating impacted sediments.
this presentation overview on the hydrology of arid regions and reviews some publications in that issue. finally, it suggests some references for further reading.
This study explains the use of remote sensing data for spatially distributed hydrological modeling using the MIKE-SHE software used in Tarim River Basin CHINA
This ppt is helpful to decide the site of rainwater harvesting structures to replenish the scarcity of water as well as to recharge the groundwater strata
> Present and future status of water and population
> Advantages of RWHs
> Design criteria for RWHs
> Case study on the field and off-field (Remote sensing)
> Cost comparison of a few structures
> NGOs working on GWHs
> Important Web-links
Characterizing Selenium Leaching and Transport from Southern West Virginia Valley Fill Alternatives by Leslie Hopkinson, Nathan DePriest, John Quaranta, and Paul Ziemkiewicz
in this presentation an overview on the Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Data. followed by quick review of (Collecting, Describing and Summarizing Data. Graphical Data Analysis. Estimating Missing data, Check the Consistency of Precipitation Data. and how to check data quality)
Probability / likelihood of occurrence
This is the third presentation about using WMS in modeling watersheds' hydrology.
this presentation contains:
- Define soil types and land use
- Calculate the Curve numbers
- Define the rainfall data
- Run HEC-1
this is the second presentation about building a hydrological model using WMS. it contains:
- DEM files and reading it
- Watershed Delineation
- Edit the DEM files
يقدم هذا العرض مقدمة لأساسيات إستخدام برنامج الـ Watershed Modelling System في حساب الهيدروجارف الناتج عن عاصفة.
Components of WMS
WMS interface
Steps of building a hydrological model using WMS
Georeferencing
Read DEM
Using HEC-RAS to assess flash floods risk in arid regionsAhmed Saleh, Ph.D
Explain the utilization of HEC-RAS to two-dimensional simulation of flood wave propagation. also, show the application of ArcGis to draw flood risk maps.
This presentation shows the main software used for numerically simulate the flood movement. first, it presents the HEC-RAS, then it discusses the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS), its interface, main components, DATA REQUIREMENTS and main steps to build a model using SMS.
This presentations explains the main definitions related to flood risk management. and how to assess the Vulnerability of the society towards flood dangers. and flood risk analysis process. and gives some examples of flood risk assessment applications.
using embankment dams for flash flood risk managementAhmed Saleh, Ph.D
the presentation contains an overview on flash floods, common measures of flood protection, embankment dams, and shows the steps of designing the dam. also listing some useful software.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. Introduction to
arid zone hydrology
Water Resources Research Institute
email: wrri@wrri.org.eg
Web: www.wrri.org.eg
Dr. Ahmed Adel Saleh
email: norahmed1@gmail.com
F.B. : ahmed.a.saleh.965
1
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Data collection
• The geomorphologic characteristics of arid zones
• Rainfall Patterns
• Runoff formation
• Rainfall-Runoff relationships
2
14. Key terms
• water divide lines
• Time of concentration
• The main channel
• the outlet point.
• tributaries
• drainage pattern
• water divide lines
14
15. Drainage Basin Features
Drainage
Area
the projected horizontal surface area
Stream
Slope
vertical drop per unit of horizontal distance
Drainage
Density
the total stream channel length per unit area of drainage basin
Centroid
Length
the distance between the nearest point to the drainage basin
centroid on the main channel and the outlet point
Time of
Concentratio
n
the time that a raindrop requires from the farthest upstream
point to reach the outlet
15
21. Relative anomalies of the annual rainfall
𝑟𝑟 =
𝑅𝑅 − ̅𝑟𝑟
𝑆𝑆𝑟𝑟
Relative anomaly of a year
Total rain of that year
Mean yearly rainfall
Standard deviation of yearly rainfall
21
24. Intensity–duration–frequency relationship (IDF)
• Tells how rare a given rain storm is.
• A graphical representation of the
probability that a given average
rainfall intensity will occur
• In the arid regions is take an
exponential probability distribution
function
24
25. Spatial distribution of rainfall
• A single point rainfall measurement
• Interpolation
• Arithmetic average
• Thiessen polygon
• Isohyetal map
25
28. Rainfall-Runoff relationships
Water Resources Research Institute
email: wrri@wrri.org.eg
Web: www.wrri.org.eg
Eng. Ahmed Adel Saleh
email: norahmed1@gmail.com
F.B. : https://www.facebook.com/ahmed.a.saleh.965
29.
30. {
Introduction
• Rainfall-runoff relationships find the volumetric loss of storm water.
• The most important looses are:
• evaporation,
• transpiration,
• interception,
• depression storage,
• soil moisture storage and
• groundwater recharge. Infiltration
No vegetation
Short period
Rare trees
32. Rational Method
• The rational method for determining flood peak discharges from
measurements of rainfall depths.
𝑄𝑄𝑝𝑝 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶
C : coefficient depends on catchment characteristics [0.05 : 0.95]
i : mean rainfall intensity in the time of concentration [in / Hour]
A : catchment area [Acres]
39. References
Wadi Hydrology
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 Wadi Characteristics
• Chapter 3 Rainfall Pattern in arid region
• Chapter 4 Runoff and Hydrograph Analysis
Hydrology of Wadi systems
• Chapter Two: Hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid areas
• Chapter Six: Rainfall-runoff analysis and modelling in wadi systems
• Chapter Nine: Sustainable management of wadi systems
Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
• 1.3 HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN ARID AREAS
• 8 Calibration, uncertainty, and regional analysis of conceptual rainfall-runoff models
39
