1. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes aim to prevent irreversible environmental damage by financially incentivizing ecosystem protection and linking ecosystem service providers and buyers through contracts.
2. While PES schemes have potential, widespread adoption faces challenges including high transaction costs, unclear land rights, and lack of trust between parties.
3. PES intermediaries can help overcome these challenges by building trust, coordinating small landholders, and facilitating deals between service providers and buyers. Community groups and NGOs are well-positioned to serve as trusted local intermediaries.
Benefit and burden sharing in forest conservation and REDD+: A conceptual fra...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document presents a conceptual framework for analyzing benefit and burden sharing mechanisms for REDD+. It defines benefits as direct monetary gains or indirect benefits from REDD+, while burdens include opportunity costs, implementation costs, and risks. A benefit sharing mechanism distributes the net benefits. The framework assesses options based on their effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. It draws lessons from other sectors on targeting beneficiaries, participation in decision-making across levels of governance, and balancing the distribution of benefits and burdens locally. The framework is meant to guide comparative assessments of policy options based on country contexts.
The role of multistakeholder forums in subnational jurisdictions - Case Study...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Shintia Arwida, Ade Tamara, Nining Liswanti, Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti, Anne Larson at XVII Biennial IASC Conference, Lima, Jul 3, 2019
This document discusses integrating climate adaptation and disaster resiliency. It outlines the importance of hazard mitigation in developing sustainable communities. The main components of the hazard mitigation planning process are detailed, including developing goals and objectives, identifying mitigation actions, and prioritizing actions. Federal programs that support hazard mitigation planning and project funding are also summarized.
Contemporary global forest governance initiatives: Quality, legitimacy & futu...Tim Cadman
The climate deliberations of previous years have clearly shown that forests are a crucial aspect of global approaches to climate change policy, esp. in the tropics. Persistent deforestation and forest degradation cause a huge amount of CO2 emissions, while growing forest stock, sustainable forest management as well as the use of wood-based products and materials are capable of mitigating emissions from multiple sources. This presentation explores a range of forest governance initiatives, and comments on their governance quality now, and going forward.
1. The document discusses a strategic plan for sustainable management of biosphere reserves through a Community-Based Management System (CBMS) model.
2. CBMS aims to protect human health and the environment through local, community-driven solutions and public participation. It can help integrate conservation, development, and support functions in biosphere reserves.
3. The plan focuses on developing and implementing sustainable management models for biosphere reserves through collaboration with local stakeholders, communities, and indigenous groups using a CBMS approach.
Benefit and burden sharing in forest conservation and REDD+: A conceptual fra...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document presents a conceptual framework for analyzing benefit and burden sharing mechanisms for REDD+. It defines benefits as direct monetary gains or indirect benefits from REDD+, while burdens include opportunity costs, implementation costs, and risks. A benefit sharing mechanism distributes the net benefits. The framework assesses options based on their effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. It draws lessons from other sectors on targeting beneficiaries, participation in decision-making across levels of governance, and balancing the distribution of benefits and burdens locally. The framework is meant to guide comparative assessments of policy options based on country contexts.
The role of multistakeholder forums in subnational jurisdictions - Case Study...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Shintia Arwida, Ade Tamara, Nining Liswanti, Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti, Anne Larson at XVII Biennial IASC Conference, Lima, Jul 3, 2019
This document discusses integrating climate adaptation and disaster resiliency. It outlines the importance of hazard mitigation in developing sustainable communities. The main components of the hazard mitigation planning process are detailed, including developing goals and objectives, identifying mitigation actions, and prioritizing actions. Federal programs that support hazard mitigation planning and project funding are also summarized.
Contemporary global forest governance initiatives: Quality, legitimacy & futu...Tim Cadman
The climate deliberations of previous years have clearly shown that forests are a crucial aspect of global approaches to climate change policy, esp. in the tropics. Persistent deforestation and forest degradation cause a huge amount of CO2 emissions, while growing forest stock, sustainable forest management as well as the use of wood-based products and materials are capable of mitigating emissions from multiple sources. This presentation explores a range of forest governance initiatives, and comments on their governance quality now, and going forward.
1. The document discusses a strategic plan for sustainable management of biosphere reserves through a Community-Based Management System (CBMS) model.
2. CBMS aims to protect human health and the environment through local, community-driven solutions and public participation. It can help integrate conservation, development, and support functions in biosphere reserves.
3. The plan focuses on developing and implementing sustainable management models for biosphere reserves through collaboration with local stakeholders, communities, and indigenous groups using a CBMS approach.
The City Resilience Framework is a unique framework developed by Arup with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, based on extensive research in cities. It provides a lens to understand the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to their resilience. Looking at these drivers can help cities to assess the extent of their resilience, to identify critical areas of weakness, and to identify actions and programs to improve the city’s resilience.
The document discusses several topics related to the environment:
1. It outlines the current poor condition of the environment due to issues like pollution and environmental destruction.
2. It examines physical factors and the spatial distribution of factors that affect the environment like air pollution and the unequal distribution of environmental threats across neighborhoods.
3. It explores how India can balance development and environmental protection through more sustainable business practices and government policies.
Urban Climate Change Resilience in Action: Lessons from Projects in 10 ACCCRN...The Rockefeller Foundation
This paper presents key insights emerging from an analysis of the 36 intervention projects,totaling approximately $15.5 million, which have been funded and are beingimplemented under the Rockefeller Foundation Asian Cities Climate Change ResilienceNetwork (ACCCRN) in ten initial cities1. As a pioneering effort to advance on-the-groundactions aimed at building urban climate change resilience (UCCR), this portfolio ofprojects2 provides a ‘first generation’ view of how a set of cities have interpreted UCCRchallenges and translated their understanding into targeted priorities and actions. Oneof the intentions of the ACCCRN initiative was to advance the still young field of UCCRwith practical actions that substantiate the growing number of theoretical frameworks.
As the recent National Climate Assessment made clear, extreme weather events—including heat waves, drought, tropical storms, high winds, storm surges, and heavy downpours—are becoming more severe. In many places these risks are projected to increase substantially due to rising sea levels and evolving development patterns, affecting the safety, health, and economy of entire communities. Extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy have made it clear that we remain vulnerable to such events in spite of advances in disaster preparedness. American communities cannot effectively reduce their risks and vulnerabilities without including future extreme events and other impacts of climate change in their planning both before and after a disaster, and in everyday decision-making.
The document outlines guidelines for developing community recovery plans following an emergency or disaster. It discusses common recovery challenges such as restoring infrastructure and ensuring equitable assistance. It also identifies elements of an effective recovery program such as forming a recovery planning committee and partnerships. Finally, it describes the roles of key recovery positions like the emergency manager, recovery manager, and recovery task force in coordinating long-term recovery support functions.
Walking the REDD+ line: Insights from CIFOR's REDD+ Global Comparative StudyCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Arild Angelsen, from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), during CIFOR's side event 'REDD+: Where does it stand and what is needed now?' at UNFCCC's COP23 in Bonn, Germany, on November 9, 2017.
Assessing REDD+ Benefit Sharing for Efficiency, Effectiveness and EquityCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Grace Wong, Cecilia Luttrell, Lasse Loft, Anastasia Yang, Maria Brockhaus, Shintia Arwida, Januarti Tjajadi, Pham Thu Thuy and Samuel Assembe-Mvondo at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable carbon and non-carbon results' from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Governance, rights and the role of politics in redd+ equity discoursesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Grace Wong, Maria Brockhaus, Lasse Loft, Pham Thu Thuy, and Anastasia Yang at the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Just as cities are hubs for innovations and investments that expand opportunities, they are also living laboratories confronting challenges of increasing complexity. They face a wide range of shocks and stresses ranging from natural hazards and climate change, to financial shocks and terrorism; slow-moving chronic stresses like poverty and violence and social conflict. As we consider how cities will adapt to the challenges of the 21st century – both known and unknown – the resilience agenda becomes increasingly important. This presentation highlights the Rockefeller Foundation’s understanding of city resilience, as informed by the RF-Arup City Resilience Framework, as well as its Resilience by Design portfolio, a series of place-based, landscape-scale interventions in U.S. coastal cities to show how we can build resilience with design while working with large federal institutions.
Social Forestry & the Paris agreement: Lessons for benefit sharingCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given at the session at COP22 titled, "Social forestry sustains local actions to advance the Paris Agreement" organized by CIFOR and the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
http://www.cifor.org/cifor-at-cop22/sessions/09-nov/social-forestry-sustains-local-actions-advance-paris-agreement/
The role of Integrated Conservation-Development Projects (ICDPs) in sustainab...Siang Yang
The document discusses the role of Integrated Conservation-Development Projects (ICDPs) in sustainable environmental management. It summarizes that past environmental measures failed because they did not link wildlife protection to local welfare. ICDPs aimed to integrate environmental protection and development, but outcomes have been largely ineffective. Case studies from Ghana and China are presented to illustrate weaknesses in the ICDP approach, such as unrealistic goals, lack of local participation and needs assessment, and failure to improve livelihoods or provide compensation for losses. The conclusion is that ICDPs have presented an illusion of "win-win" outcomes by not adequately addressing the critical linkage between conservation and rural development in local contexts.
Exploring Participatory Prospective Analysis: A collaborative, scenario-based...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes a study exploring participatory prospective analysis (PPA), a collaborative, scenario-based approach for analyzing and anticipating the consequences of tenure reform implementation in Indonesia. The study was conducted in two sites in Lampung and Maluku provinces. Through a PPA process involving stakeholders, the study identified key drivers of tenure security, developed future scenarios, and created action plans. At both sites, scenarios and action plans focused on improving governance, recognizing customary rights, increasing regional budgets, and empowering communities. The national recommendations from the study address improving coordination, developing forest management units and policies, establishing local regulations, and increasing community development programs.
The document summarizes lessons learned from Action on Climate Today (ACT), a program that worked to strengthen climate adaptation processes in 5 South Asian countries. The key lessons included innovating entry points to climate adaptation by addressing critical local issues, widening stakeholder groups, focusing on the most vulnerable, simplifying messaging, and connecting problems to climate change impacts. ACT trained over 1,200 people, implemented over 100 policy reviews and system improvements, and mobilized $1.5 billion in climate finance. Reflections emphasized identifying concerns of vulnerable groups, establishing links between issues and climate change, and engaging the private sector to finance resilience.
The survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of New York municipal officials regarding climate change. The key findings were:
1) Over half of officials felt moderately informed about climate change, though most want more localized impact information.
2) While officials agree climate change is affecting New York, three-quarters felt there was insufficient guidance on local responses.
3) Only 24% of municipalities have taken action, most common being energy efficiency, tree planting, and flood preparation.
4) Officials want more localized data on impacts and adaptation strategies, delivered through trusted sources like extension services.
BAP Standard - The CX Approach to Biodiversity ConservationCharlie Butt
The document outlines the stages involved in developing a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) according to the CEMEX-BirdLife partnership approach. The 8 stages are: 1) Gathering essential information; 2) Collaborating with a BirdLife partner; 3) Engaging stakeholders; 4) Surveying wildlife; 5) Prioritizing important species and habitats; 6) Determining actions and objectives; 7) Implementing actions; and 8) Evaluating success. The stages involve desk research, field surveys, engagement with partners and stakeholders, identification of priority biodiversity features, and development and implementation of conservation actions and monitoring.
The document discusses disaster housing resources and strategies. It identifies different types of interim and permanent housing options available after disasters, including shelters, rental assistance, temporary repairs, manufactured housing, and reconstruction assistance. It also discusses challenges in providing disaster housing, such as balancing needs, availability, and community characteristics. A variety of federal, state, local, and non-profit organizations provide housing assistance after disasters.
Forests, People, and the rest of the world: local participation in REDD+ Meas...CIFOR-ICRAF
Community participation has been promoted as a way to empower local communities in REDD+ programs. A particular goal is that they would monitor forest change and measure carbon stocks, and thus reduce the costs of such assessments. So far, little empirical evidence shows that participatory measurement, reporting and verification (PMRV) is feasible. We present the main findings from a series of multidisciplinary studies published in a collection of PLOS ONE, investigating the feasibility of local participation into MRV in Indonesia, Ethiopia, Mexico and China.
Greater than the sum of its parts? Lessons from a collaborative, multi-actor,...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Nining Liswanti, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the XVI Biennial IASC Conference ‘Practicing the commons: self-governance, cooperation, and institutional change’, in Utrecht, the Netherlands, on July 14, 2017.
Community Adaptation to Flooding in a Changing Climate:
Municipal Officials’ Actions, Decision-Making, and Barriers. By Gretchen Gary and Shorna Allred, Cornell University, and Elizabeth LoGiudice, Allison Chatrchyan, Rosemarie Baglia, Theresa Mayhew,
Dianne Olsen, and Marilyn Wyman, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
This document summarizes a project that documented local indigenous knowledge and practices (LIKPs) related to climate change adaptation in Cameroon. The project involved interviewing over 800 farmers across 7 pilot villages. It found that farmers have observed changes affecting their staple crops and have responded by diversifying crops, adjusting planting periods, and using LIKPs. However, LIKPs are at risk of being lost if not documented or integrated into climate policy. Moving forward, the project aims to conduct more surveys, engage decision-makers to share findings on valuing LIKPs, and support custodians of LIKPs in lobbying for their integration into climate plans and budgets.
El documento presenta un problema de maximización y minimización para determinar las dimensiones óptimas de una caja de cartón con un volumen fijo de 108 unidades. Se modela matemáticamente la relación entre el área y el volumen de la caja, y se deriva la función para encontrar los puntos críticos. El análisis determina que el área mínima de 108 unidades se obtiene cuando la caja mide 6 unidades por lado, con una altura de 3 unidades.
The City Resilience Framework is a unique framework developed by Arup with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, based on extensive research in cities. It provides a lens to understand the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to their resilience. Looking at these drivers can help cities to assess the extent of their resilience, to identify critical areas of weakness, and to identify actions and programs to improve the city’s resilience.
The document discusses several topics related to the environment:
1. It outlines the current poor condition of the environment due to issues like pollution and environmental destruction.
2. It examines physical factors and the spatial distribution of factors that affect the environment like air pollution and the unequal distribution of environmental threats across neighborhoods.
3. It explores how India can balance development and environmental protection through more sustainable business practices and government policies.
Urban Climate Change Resilience in Action: Lessons from Projects in 10 ACCCRN...The Rockefeller Foundation
This paper presents key insights emerging from an analysis of the 36 intervention projects,totaling approximately $15.5 million, which have been funded and are beingimplemented under the Rockefeller Foundation Asian Cities Climate Change ResilienceNetwork (ACCCRN) in ten initial cities1. As a pioneering effort to advance on-the-groundactions aimed at building urban climate change resilience (UCCR), this portfolio ofprojects2 provides a ‘first generation’ view of how a set of cities have interpreted UCCRchallenges and translated their understanding into targeted priorities and actions. Oneof the intentions of the ACCCRN initiative was to advance the still young field of UCCRwith practical actions that substantiate the growing number of theoretical frameworks.
As the recent National Climate Assessment made clear, extreme weather events—including heat waves, drought, tropical storms, high winds, storm surges, and heavy downpours—are becoming more severe. In many places these risks are projected to increase substantially due to rising sea levels and evolving development patterns, affecting the safety, health, and economy of entire communities. Extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy have made it clear that we remain vulnerable to such events in spite of advances in disaster preparedness. American communities cannot effectively reduce their risks and vulnerabilities without including future extreme events and other impacts of climate change in their planning both before and after a disaster, and in everyday decision-making.
The document outlines guidelines for developing community recovery plans following an emergency or disaster. It discusses common recovery challenges such as restoring infrastructure and ensuring equitable assistance. It also identifies elements of an effective recovery program such as forming a recovery planning committee and partnerships. Finally, it describes the roles of key recovery positions like the emergency manager, recovery manager, and recovery task force in coordinating long-term recovery support functions.
Walking the REDD+ line: Insights from CIFOR's REDD+ Global Comparative StudyCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Arild Angelsen, from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), during CIFOR's side event 'REDD+: Where does it stand and what is needed now?' at UNFCCC's COP23 in Bonn, Germany, on November 9, 2017.
Assessing REDD+ Benefit Sharing for Efficiency, Effectiveness and EquityCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Grace Wong, Cecilia Luttrell, Lasse Loft, Anastasia Yang, Maria Brockhaus, Shintia Arwida, Januarti Tjajadi, Pham Thu Thuy and Samuel Assembe-Mvondo at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable carbon and non-carbon results' from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Governance, rights and the role of politics in redd+ equity discoursesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Grace Wong, Maria Brockhaus, Lasse Loft, Pham Thu Thuy, and Anastasia Yang at the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Just as cities are hubs for innovations and investments that expand opportunities, they are also living laboratories confronting challenges of increasing complexity. They face a wide range of shocks and stresses ranging from natural hazards and climate change, to financial shocks and terrorism; slow-moving chronic stresses like poverty and violence and social conflict. As we consider how cities will adapt to the challenges of the 21st century – both known and unknown – the resilience agenda becomes increasingly important. This presentation highlights the Rockefeller Foundation’s understanding of city resilience, as informed by the RF-Arup City Resilience Framework, as well as its Resilience by Design portfolio, a series of place-based, landscape-scale interventions in U.S. coastal cities to show how we can build resilience with design while working with large federal institutions.
Social Forestry & the Paris agreement: Lessons for benefit sharingCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given at the session at COP22 titled, "Social forestry sustains local actions to advance the Paris Agreement" organized by CIFOR and the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
http://www.cifor.org/cifor-at-cop22/sessions/09-nov/social-forestry-sustains-local-actions-advance-paris-agreement/
The role of Integrated Conservation-Development Projects (ICDPs) in sustainab...Siang Yang
The document discusses the role of Integrated Conservation-Development Projects (ICDPs) in sustainable environmental management. It summarizes that past environmental measures failed because they did not link wildlife protection to local welfare. ICDPs aimed to integrate environmental protection and development, but outcomes have been largely ineffective. Case studies from Ghana and China are presented to illustrate weaknesses in the ICDP approach, such as unrealistic goals, lack of local participation and needs assessment, and failure to improve livelihoods or provide compensation for losses. The conclusion is that ICDPs have presented an illusion of "win-win" outcomes by not adequately addressing the critical linkage between conservation and rural development in local contexts.
Exploring Participatory Prospective Analysis: A collaborative, scenario-based...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes a study exploring participatory prospective analysis (PPA), a collaborative, scenario-based approach for analyzing and anticipating the consequences of tenure reform implementation in Indonesia. The study was conducted in two sites in Lampung and Maluku provinces. Through a PPA process involving stakeholders, the study identified key drivers of tenure security, developed future scenarios, and created action plans. At both sites, scenarios and action plans focused on improving governance, recognizing customary rights, increasing regional budgets, and empowering communities. The national recommendations from the study address improving coordination, developing forest management units and policies, establishing local regulations, and increasing community development programs.
The document summarizes lessons learned from Action on Climate Today (ACT), a program that worked to strengthen climate adaptation processes in 5 South Asian countries. The key lessons included innovating entry points to climate adaptation by addressing critical local issues, widening stakeholder groups, focusing on the most vulnerable, simplifying messaging, and connecting problems to climate change impacts. ACT trained over 1,200 people, implemented over 100 policy reviews and system improvements, and mobilized $1.5 billion in climate finance. Reflections emphasized identifying concerns of vulnerable groups, establishing links between issues and climate change, and engaging the private sector to finance resilience.
The survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of New York municipal officials regarding climate change. The key findings were:
1) Over half of officials felt moderately informed about climate change, though most want more localized impact information.
2) While officials agree climate change is affecting New York, three-quarters felt there was insufficient guidance on local responses.
3) Only 24% of municipalities have taken action, most common being energy efficiency, tree planting, and flood preparation.
4) Officials want more localized data on impacts and adaptation strategies, delivered through trusted sources like extension services.
BAP Standard - The CX Approach to Biodiversity ConservationCharlie Butt
The document outlines the stages involved in developing a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) according to the CEMEX-BirdLife partnership approach. The 8 stages are: 1) Gathering essential information; 2) Collaborating with a BirdLife partner; 3) Engaging stakeholders; 4) Surveying wildlife; 5) Prioritizing important species and habitats; 6) Determining actions and objectives; 7) Implementing actions; and 8) Evaluating success. The stages involve desk research, field surveys, engagement with partners and stakeholders, identification of priority biodiversity features, and development and implementation of conservation actions and monitoring.
The document discusses disaster housing resources and strategies. It identifies different types of interim and permanent housing options available after disasters, including shelters, rental assistance, temporary repairs, manufactured housing, and reconstruction assistance. It also discusses challenges in providing disaster housing, such as balancing needs, availability, and community characteristics. A variety of federal, state, local, and non-profit organizations provide housing assistance after disasters.
Forests, People, and the rest of the world: local participation in REDD+ Meas...CIFOR-ICRAF
Community participation has been promoted as a way to empower local communities in REDD+ programs. A particular goal is that they would monitor forest change and measure carbon stocks, and thus reduce the costs of such assessments. So far, little empirical evidence shows that participatory measurement, reporting and verification (PMRV) is feasible. We present the main findings from a series of multidisciplinary studies published in a collection of PLOS ONE, investigating the feasibility of local participation into MRV in Indonesia, Ethiopia, Mexico and China.
Greater than the sum of its parts? Lessons from a collaborative, multi-actor,...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Nining Liswanti, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the XVI Biennial IASC Conference ‘Practicing the commons: self-governance, cooperation, and institutional change’, in Utrecht, the Netherlands, on July 14, 2017.
Community Adaptation to Flooding in a Changing Climate:
Municipal Officials’ Actions, Decision-Making, and Barriers. By Gretchen Gary and Shorna Allred, Cornell University, and Elizabeth LoGiudice, Allison Chatrchyan, Rosemarie Baglia, Theresa Mayhew,
Dianne Olsen, and Marilyn Wyman, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
This document summarizes a project that documented local indigenous knowledge and practices (LIKPs) related to climate change adaptation in Cameroon. The project involved interviewing over 800 farmers across 7 pilot villages. It found that farmers have observed changes affecting their staple crops and have responded by diversifying crops, adjusting planting periods, and using LIKPs. However, LIKPs are at risk of being lost if not documented or integrated into climate policy. Moving forward, the project aims to conduct more surveys, engage decision-makers to share findings on valuing LIKPs, and support custodians of LIKPs in lobbying for their integration into climate plans and budgets.
El documento presenta un problema de maximización y minimización para determinar las dimensiones óptimas de una caja de cartón con un volumen fijo de 108 unidades. Se modela matemáticamente la relación entre el área y el volumen de la caja, y se deriva la función para encontrar los puntos críticos. El análisis determina que el área mínima de 108 unidades se obtiene cuando la caja mide 6 unidades por lado, con una altura de 3 unidades.
2016 Annual Report - First Place for YouthClaudia Miller
The annual report summarizes First Place for Youth's activities and impact in 2016. It discusses the organization expanding its services to more counties in California by leveraging new funding. First Place now serves over 300 young people annually by providing housing, education, employment support and helping youth transition out of foster care into stable adulthood. The report highlights success stories of individuals helped by First Place and their continued support and donations which help the organization achieve its mission of supporting foster youth.
these are the top 5 sport venues in America. I want kids to beable to explore sports from now to back in the late 1800s when some of these stadiums were built.
What is Operating System, Utility program,virus and anti_virusmudasserakram
in this slides, we learn what is operating system and utility program. how to make a window in computer trough USB and DVD/CD. We also learn all type of virus.
Financing and coordination issues are limiting investments in ecosystem restoration projects from being scaled up. Regarding financing, the start-up and maintenance costs of restoration projects are high, and the returns and benefits are uncertain and occur over long timeframes. Coordination is also challenging as it requires organizing diverse stakeholders and linking local restoration projects to global benefits. Recent cases show a trend toward regional and landscape-scale restoration projects that can better align public and private interests and use a variety of financing mechanisms. However, stronger coordination of financing is still needed at regional levels to fully scale up investments in ecosystem restoration.
The document summarizes key lessons from the National Ecosystem Assessment report. It makes four main points:
1) The NEA report provides important messages about the value of nature, but needs to communicate using clear and accessible language for the public and policymakers to understand.
2) Nature is too important to privatize, and coordinated action is needed to address ongoing habitat and species decline through our "National Environment Service".
3) Long-term support for nature is needed to maintain its values of life, health and well-being, but budget cuts threaten this.
4) The environment needs to be prioritized within improved governance championed by the government. The NEA and planning framework can help if
Keynote presentation by Ana Maria Loboguerrero Rodriguez, CCAFS and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
This document summarizes a case study evaluating potential financing mechanisms for Tapantí National Park in Costa Rica based on the economic value of ecosystem services. Key points:
- The study estimated the annual monetary value of biodiversity maintenance, water supply, and recreation/tourism services to be $2.5 million or $43 per hectare, with hydroelectric companies receiving 65% of the total benefits.
- Willingness-to-pay surveys found local stakeholders would pay at least $339,000 annually, enough to cover current and improved park management budgets.
- Proposed financing mechanisms include payments from hydroelectric companies through a water tax and contributions from other beneficiaries.
- Challenges include
The environmental impact statement analyzes the proposed construction of a new recycling center in a rural area. It addresses land use and zoning requirements, potential environmental impacts, and mitigation plans. Key impacts include increased traffic, noise pollution, and potential water and air pollution from operations. The statement outlines plans to minimize impacts, such as strict emission controls, traffic management plans, and monitoring programs. The recycling center could help increase recycling rates but operations must be carefully managed to limit environmental effects on the local community.
The document discusses strategies for mainstreaming environmental considerations into Kenya's development planning process. It recommends focusing the environmental debate on achieving food, energy and water security and adapting to climate change to highlight the strategic importance of the environment. Using tools like strategic environmental assessments and economic instruments, it suggests analyzing scenarios and collaboration between sectors to integrate environmental priorities. Drawing from other countries' experiences, it emphasizes the need for high-level political support, institutional mandates, engagement across sectors, and coordination between stakeholders to effectively mainstream the environment into planning, policymaking, and budgets.
Scaling up climate finance requires addressing several key challenges. Replication of projects needs to consider balancing mitigation and adaptation funding as well as modifying projects to local contexts. Information sharing and strong institutions are important to understand what approaches are most effective and implement climate actions. Reducing risks, costs, and delays can help attract more private sector finance for climate solutions. Future work should explore improving adaptation finance, using monitoring and evaluation to identify best practices, and incentivizing greater climate investment through a new international agreement.
Presentation by Florence Bernard and Slayde Hawkins.
PES may be prohibited by Constitution or law. This presentation discusses how policy may affect the implementation of PES and REDD projects.
Edwin Use Of Economic Incentives In Bioregionsa95osksj
The document discusses using economic incentives to promote biodiversity conservation outside of protected areas as protected areas alone cannot meet biodiversity targets. It argues that mainstreaming biodiversity conservation as an economic issue through economic incentives can help correct market failures and change behaviors of economic agents to support conservation goals. Cost-benefit analysis and analyzing institutions are approaches that can assess how workable conservation plans are and determine what economic incentives may be most effective. Several areas of potential research on using incentives for conservation oriented regional management are outlined.
The natural resources sector in New Zealand comprises several government organizations responsible for managing the country's natural assets. These resources are central to New Zealand's identity, economy, and Māori interests. However, some resources are becoming scarce, so improved management is needed. The briefing recommends forming a group of natural resource ministers to take a holistic, long-term approach to complex issues that cut across different areas of government. It also proposes reviewing the resource management system to improve decision-making, integration, and use of information.
The "Future of Revaluing Ecosystems" meeting brought together 28 experts to explore ways to better measure and manage the world's natural capital and its contributions to human well-being. Key discussions focused on future trends that will influence ecosystem valuation like rising consumption, climate change, and data availability. Scenarios of different trends in 2025 were explored, such as greater ecosystem shocks triggering demand for more sustainable supply chains. Participants also discussed solutions like financial instruments for ecosystem restoration and new ratings agencies to direct capital to ecosystem management. The overall goal was to change perspectives on nature from something sacrificed for development to something that underpins development.
This document analyzes market-based instruments (MBIs) that have emerged for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. It argues that MBIs are a heterogeneous group with little in common beyond having a price component. Six new categories of MBIs are proposed based on their economic characteristics, such as regulations changing prices, Coasean agreements, and tradable permits. Additionally, the document finds that MBIs have strong links to public policy in their creation and implementation, and do not necessarily represent a decline in the state's role in environmental policymaking.
How do households balance risk and return when new economic opportunities arise? Can nancial-services interventions help households cope with the increased risk that often accompanies new, high-return opportunities? We randomly assigned rural households in Mozambique to subsidies for modern agricultural inputs, formal savings facilitation programs (either a \basic" or a \matched" savings program), or both sub-
sidy and savings programs. Households receiving only subsidies raised their subsequent consumption levels, but also faced greater risk (higher consumption variability). Households receiving both programs saw simi-
lar increases in consumption, but a much smaller increase in variability. This risk-reduction occurs alongside (and is possibly partly the result of) adjustments in broad \portfolios" of intertemporal activities (asset hold-
ings, borrowing, and investments). A program oering generous savings matches (without input subsidies) has similar impacts as the combination of basic savings and subsidies. While households appear willing to take
on the increased risk associated with high-return opportunities, facilitating formal savings can help households oset a substantial part of the increased risk.
This document outlines key criteria for evaluating environmental policies: 1) their ability to achieve efficient and cost-effective pollution reductions; 2) their fairness and how benefits and costs are distributed; 3) the incentives they provide for innovations to reduce environmental impacts. It also discusses 4) enforceability challenges like non-compliance and the resources needed for monitoring and sanctioning violators; and 5) how policies align with moral considerations like the polluter-pays principle.
Payments for peatland ecosystem services in the Natural Environment White PaperAberdeen CES
The document discusses opportunities for payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes in the UK, noting they have potential to provide new financing streams for conservation if they can directly link those who benefit from ecosystem services to those who manage the land. Barriers to PES include informational, technical, financial, and institutional challenges, though none are insurmountable. Defra's work includes developing best practice guidance, funding pilot PES projects, and reviewing barriers and recommendations to support wider use of these schemes.
National plan climate changes resilience for smalls islandsFlorin777
Small islands are unique and largely self-contained ecosystems. Their existence owes much to their existing environmental endowment. Preparation and understanding what sustains islands, and how they will be affected by future climate changes is an important concern.
Two thirds of the countries with the highest disaster losses relative to GDP are small island states – with average annual losses between 1 and 9 percent of GDP. Losses of this magnitude are an enormous burden on a country’s budget and fiscal position, with serious consequences for growth and development prospects.
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This document summarizes an abstract accepted for an oral platform presentation at the EU 9th International SedNet Conference in Krakow, Poland from September 23-26, 2015. The presentation aims to link urban sediment management to social benefits and sustainability in order to make sediment issues more relevant to policymakers. It discusses how sediment challenges can take a long time to address and regulate, which is out of sync with political election cycles. The document argues that connecting sediment management to broader environmental issues visible to decision makers, like economic development and resilience, can help drive more action. It provides the U.S. Great Lakes Legacy Act as an example of overcoming barriers to sediment action through public-private partnerships and cost sharing.
The document discusses the complex relationship between environmental sustainability and development objectives. It argues that environmental sustainability is essential for reducing poverty and achieving other development goals. While human needs and environmental concerns are sometimes at odds, requiring tradeoffs to be carefully managed, opportunities exist for "win-win" solutions that align both. Achieving environmental sustainability requires balancing human needs with maintaining functioning ecosystems and limiting pollution, which this report provides guidance on.
The document discusses the need to balance environmental sustainability and human development. It argues that environmental protection, conservation of biodiversity, and addressing climate change underpin human well-being and are essential to reducing poverty. However, conservation strategies must also consider people's immediate needs, and development cannot ignore environmental costs. Achieving sustainability requires balancing these factors. The document calls for setting specific, quantifiable environmental targets and integrating sustainability into all development policies and plans at global, national and local levels to make progress toward the UN's Millennium Development Goals.
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1. 1
ImportantBackground to PES
The ongoing and efficient balanceof natural ecosystems is
essential to the health of the planet and all who liveon it.
“Nature” provides us with essential services which support,
provide, regulate and culturally maintain our way of life.
Researchers are evidencingdaily thatecosystems globally are
under increasingpressure.Irreversibledamageis being
caused to these essential systems.The IPCC (2007) predicts
impacts from climatechange will seeglobal average
temperatures rise, patterns of rainfall change,extreme
weather events become more frequent and severe, sea
levels riseand other environmental changes occur.
Biodiversity will beadversely affected.
Figure 1: PES unlocks the value in ecosystem services
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
IDD Student Policy Brief
April 2016
Note: this is an assessed student assignment and not an official UoB
publication
Making PES schemes work in developing countries:
A Crucial role for Intermediaries
Stephen M Baines
Key Messages
1. Despite some localisedsuccesses,widespreadevidence suggeststhatexistingmechanismsforglobal
environmental protectionare not gainingsufficienttractionandthatthe battle toavoidirreversible damage
to essential ecosystemsisprogressivelybeinglost.
2. PES (andPES style schemes) have enormouspotential tobe a freshmechanismforpreventingirreversible
damage throughcrystalizingthe value of the ecosystemservicesnature providesandatthe same time
providingsustainable livelihoodsforlocal people.
3. Widespreadadoptionof PESschemes“onthe ground”requiresanumberof thornychallengestobe
overcome.
4. The use of trusted and authoritative PESIntermediariescanprovide the essentiallinkinnavigatingthese
challengesandfacilitatingamuch broadertake-upof PESschemesglobally.
5. Community,INGOandFaithBasedOrganisations(FBOs) are exceptionallywell-placedtoperformthis
Intermediaryrole withinlocal contexts.Inordertoperformthisfunction,stakeholderscanbuildon
experience gainedbybothCivil SocietyOrganisations(CSOs) andCommunityBasedNatural Resource
Management(CBNRM) organisations.
2. 2
Payment for EcosystemServices(PES)
schemes
PES schemesare one of a portfolioof policyoptions
whichare aimedatmanagingthisrisk.PES schemesdo
thisby contractuallylinkinganecosystemservice
provider/sellerwithanecosystemservice user/buyer.
The financial paymentfrombuyertoselleris
conditional onthe ongoingsupplyof the ecosystem
service.
In financially incentivizingenvironmental protection, PES
schemes also havesignificantpotential to be an effective
lever to liftlocal communities outof poverty. PES schemes
are provingeffective in the areas of: Carbon sequestration,
Biodiversity protection,Watershed protection and Landscape
beauty.
Figure 2: The Scope of Ecosystem Services
Uneven PES take-up
The take-up of PES programmes has however been patchy.
Cash-based schemes have worked well in Latin America
where local and national Governments have encouraged
small-holder and community participation.However, despite
isolated successes,such conditional payments have yet to
develop a critical massin the African context (Porras &
Nhantumbo 2015). This Briefingexamines the practical
barriers to PES implementation and recommends actions for
enablinglarge-scalePES roll-outacross developingcountries.
“ArguablyPESis the most promisinginnovationin
conservationsinceRio 1992”
(Source:Wunder 2005 page 3)
PES – a central place within a portfolio of
ecological interventions
Of course,PES is not the only policy option for decision
makers attempting to preserve vital ecosystem services.It
fits within a portfolio of other interventions.These include:
Government environmental regulation (incl.
creation of protected zones/areas set asidefor
conservation)
Promotion of SustainableAgriculture/Forest
management practices
Environmentally motivated taxes/subsidies
Integrated Conservation & Development Projects
(ICDPs)
Product certification leadingto ecological price
premiums
Land Acquisitions for conservation
Research suggests that PES works best in scenarios wherea
limited financial incentivewill havea decisiveeffect on a
landowners’land-usedecision (i.e.where land-useeconomic
viability options arefinely balanced).
Case Study: Equitable Paymentsfor Watershed
Servicesprogramme (EPWS),Tanzania
The Ruvu rivernetworkoriginatinginthe Uluguru
mountainsisthe majorsource of freshwaterforthe 4
millionresidentsof Dares Salaam.The local Water
SupplyandSewerage Corporation(DAWASCO)spent
US $2 millionannuallyinwatertreatmentcostsdue to
increasedsedimentinthe riversystem.The EPWS
programme now ensuresthe qualityandflowof water
for downstreamusersbycompensatingupstream
farmerto engage inlanduse practiceswhichcontribute
to waterflow andpurity.
(Source:http://www.watershedmarkets.org/casestudies)
Obstacles to Wider PES Adoption
Despite the potential, there are several significantpractical
obstacles to PES adoption and the delivery of sustainablePES
Management Plans.These can be categorized into 5 key
areas:
Biophysical Obstacles - These are predominantly linked to
location and the type of land useactivities required by the
buyers. Are smallholders located in the right areas and can
they deliver the services required?
Legal Obstacles - Landowners often have only informal or
unclear land rights.Multiplesmallholders may nothave the
capacity to negotiate, implement or enforce collective
contracts with servicebuyers.Knowledge of the dynamics of
the ecosystem services supplied and the institutional
preconditions/frameworks governingthe “market” mean
3. 3
that local communities areoften cut off from this
opportunity.
Economic Obstacles - PES schemes often involvehigh up-
front transaction costs (mostpressingwhere numerous
smaller landholders each havehigh,fixed legal set up costs).
PES may involveup-front capital expenditurefor landowners
(i.e. fencing off land) at a point when returns from the
scheme may still behypothetical/unclear.Buyers and sellers
may be risk aversewith concern centring over capacity of
buyers to guarantee fundinginto the longterm.
Technical Obstacles - PES schemes require stakeholders to
be ableto access new skillssets.These include
agency/introduction services,brokerageof contracts,
financial intermediation,assessmentof optimum PES price,
data collection & evaluation,monitoringof outputs achieved
againstcounterfactual projected baselines and enforcement
& compliance.These aretechnical functions requiring
specialistexpertise.
Information/Education Obstacles - Understanding and
confidence in the working of PES can present a
communication barrier for both policy-makers and potential
stakeholders.Links between the land useand the provision
of the ecosystem serviceneeds to be sufficiently understood
for the model to be appreciated.
Many ofthe aboveobstaclesdistil downto issuesof
understandingandcruciallytrust between parties. To
enable a muchwider take-up ofPES there is a clear
and urgent role foran “honestbroker” to employtheir
reserves of“social capital” to facilitateschemes which
have the potential to be beneficial bothforthe
environmentand for local livelihoods
PES Example: REDD+ (Reducing emissions fromdeforestation
and forest degradation) is perhaps the highest profilePES
scheme in the international context.
Figure 3: REDD+ logo
The Crucial Role of the PES Intermediary
PES Intermediaries are actors who play a vital
connecting role between users (buyers) and
providers (sellers).Their role ranges from traditional
agency roles to additional technical services where
Intermediaries have remained an integral partof
project implementation and delivery. In current
carbon marketplaces there are over 200 bodies
actingas brokers,wholesalers,retailers or
developers of carbon credits (Peters-Stanley et al
2011).
Intermediaries have traditionally been from the
followingsectors:Government agencies
(national/local),Local community groups,
NGOs/INGOs and PrivateSector.
However they are best defined by the roles they perform
rather than by their organisational characteristics(Moss etal
2009).Intermediaries enable win-win scenarios by:
Matching Sellers with Buyers. Crucially this normally
involves coordinatingumbrella arrangements linking
many small landholders into a coherent contractual
entity with legal rights.
Buildingon existingreputation,skillsets and community
trust to establish a legitimacy and credibility for the
project. This may involvethe Intermediary performing
roles as certifier,legal arbiter in contractnegotiations,
provider of insuranceand robustrisk management and
key link with donors,agencies and Government.
Helping small-scale producers adaptto required
changes to land use.This may involvefacilitating
external loan/grantsupportto cover set up costs.
Informing programme design through developing a
knowledge of market actors,processes and values.This
may involveestablishingmethods for payment and
distribution,reviewprocesses and quality accreditation.
Bulking ecosystem services/credits (such as biodiversity
and emissions reduction) to obtain the optimum
premiums for the services provided.On occasion this
involves the Intermediary takingon financial risk and
purchasingcredits in advanceof selling on.Obtainingthe
best pricefrequently involves Intermediaries in
marketing to prospectivebuyers – setting out the extra
benefits (co-benefits) of supportingthe ecosystem in
question. This requires an intermediary to be able to
“package and sell a good story” (Porras & Nhantumbo
2015)
Ongoing & Authoritative Monitoring/Verification of
management systems and outputs to retain confidence
of buyers.
Networking, representation & mediation to promote
access to the market for buyers and sellers.
Administration & Project Coordination. This involves
project administration,managingcontracts and
administeringprogramme funds
A hub for Information Exchange. Intermediaries often
hold important information on legislation,bestpractice,
up to date technologies and markets as well as potential
sources of financing.This is particularly importantwhere
issues of applicanteligibility and a project’s ecological
requirements/standards may be frequently subjectto
regulatory change
4. 4
Selection of Intermediary
Recent research demonstrates (Costa Rica;Bosselmann &
Lund 2013) that the identity of the Intermediary affects the
shapeand potential for success of the PES project. The
choiceof intermediary matters to issues of inclusiveness,
efficiency and the targeting of projectbenefits. Different
Intermediaries bringdifferent networks of local contacts and
have different valuesystems. The roleperformed by an
Intermediary may be heavily influenced by Government or
buyer requirements. In the comparativestudy above an
NGO, a Producer Cooperative and a County Agricultural
centre each performed their Intermediary roles in
contrastingways.
Case Study: PES in Costa Rica
In CostaRica in 2009 there were 18 intermediaries
administeringPESschemes.More than50% of all PES
contracts signed2005-2009 were facilitatedbyan
intermediary.Keyrolesprovidedbyintermediaries
includedsortinglegaldocuments&landtitles,
navigatingapplicationprocesses(enablingwider
participation),conductingfieldstudiesandmonitoring
contract compliance.
(Source:Bosselmann& Lundpage 53)
In the longer term Privatesector intermediaries areseen as
being likely to play a key role in this market. Privatesector
actors may be content to manage a higher risk profile,havea
strong knowledge of the financinglandscapeand have a
good network of potential buyers. However, concerns have
been raised aboutthe primacy of shareholder/owner returns
over environmental benefits, the degree to which they may
respond to market volatility and the potential for unethical
behaviour.
PES inVietnam:
“Intermediaries acted as bridge-builders,mediators,
arbitrators,equalizers,developersof standards,
representatives andwatchdogs”
(Source: Pham et al 2010 page 26)
Practical Best Practice Innovations in
community intermediation
Keeping Transaction costs low –through use of group
contracts,collectiveaction and group enforcement.
Keeping Transaction Costs lowalongthe valuechain –
through simpleand effective monitoring,not expensive
accreditation.
Attracting PricePremiums - through clearly linking
produce to sustainableagricultural practices.
SharingRisk – through upfront sales of credits,sharing
costs of inputrequirements, soft loans and co-finance
mechanisms.
Adding Value for Communities – through establishing
formal tenure rights,community capacity buildingand
transparentand equitable intra-community distribution
of PES revenues.
Reducing the impactof transaction costs –through
negotiating standard legal template documents and
clear rules of engagement.
Levering Sustainablelongterm PES funding – through
establishinglongterm partneringrelationshipswith
buyers of ecosystem services.
Tacklingrisk aversion –through developing simpleand
well explained models of PES interaction and actively
publicisingsuccessful schemes in policy,businessand
community circles.
Conclusion& Policy Recommendations
This Briefing recommends that:
1. The indispensable role of PES Intermediaries in
enabling PES implementation and effective
ongoing PES management is widely understood
as an essential element of PES design.
2. PES Intermediary “Best Practice” is widely
disseminated to add extra value to existing and
proposed PES schemes.
3. Community-based organizations and FBOs are
encouraged to acknowledge the significant
potential environmental and social benefits of
PES schemes. They are further encouraged to
recognise their unique position to utilize “social
capital” locally to act as a trusted and
authoritative “honest broker” to facilitate PES
take-up and effective ongoing management.
4. Caution is exercised in engaging with private
sector PES Intermediaries.
Further Study
BosselmannAS & Lund J F (2013) Do intermediary institutions
promote inclusiveness in PES programs? The caseofCosta Rica
Geoforum, 2013, Vol.49,pp.50-60
Ferraro P & Simpson R (2002) Thecost effectiveness ofconservation
payments LandEconomics78 (3) 339-353
Pham Tet al (2013) Approachesto benefitsharing: A preliminary
comparative analysisof13 REDD+countries CIFOR
Porras I & NhantumboI (2015) Linking smallholdersto PES/REDD+
IIED Issue Paper, London
Wunder, S (2005) Paymentsfor environmental services: Some nuts
and bolts CIFOR Occasional Paperno.42
Contact us: Stephen Baines c/o International Development Department
University ofBirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom
idd@bham.ac.uk.About IDD: TheUniversity ofBirmingham’s multi-
disciplinary International Development Department(IDD) has been
providing knowledge andconsultancy services to theinternational
development sector since 1964.