The document discusses refrigeration, defining it as a process that removes heat from a space or substance to lower its temperature below ambient. It explains that a refrigeration ton is a unit of heat transfer equivalent to melting 1 ton of ice in 24 hours, and that applications of refrigeration can be grouped into domestic, commercial, industrial, and marine/transportation categories. The remainder of the document focuses on vapor compression and vapor absorption refrigeration cycles, comparing their advantages and disadvantages.

1. SHARAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, YADRAV
Prof. Avesahemad S. N. Husainy Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Member of ISHRAE and ASHRAE
(Applied Thermodynamics-II)
Introduction of Refrigeration
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPVNu2txpcsFU2eZf0DPRsg
linkedin.com/in/avesahemad-husainy-54507aa3
https://classroom.google.com/w/NTYyMjQxO
Class Code: on4uvhh

2. Definition
Refrigeration is a process that removes heat from a space,
substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its
temperature below the ambient temperature.
Unit of refrigeration
A ton of refrigeration (TR), also called a refrigeration ton
(RT), is a unit of power used to describe the heat-extraction
capacity of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. It
is defined as the rate of heat transfer that results in the
melting of 1 short ton of pure ice at 0 °C (32 °F) in 24 hours.
Applications of Refrigeration
For convenience of study, refrigeration applications may be
grouped into 4 general categories:
1. Domestic refrigeration.
2. Commercial refrigeration.
3. Industrial refrigeration.
4. Marine and transportation refrigeration.
Introduction

3. It includes,
• It include the study of second law of thermodynamics (Clausius Statement): Clausius
Statement from the second law of thermodynamics states that: “It is impossible to design
a device which works on a cycle and produce no other effect other than heat transfer from
a cold body to a hot body.” That is, heat transfer can only occur spontaneously in the
direction of temperature decrease.
• It includes study of heat pump and refrigerator.
• Also studies of different thermodynamic process are come under these points.
• Thermal cycle is also part of this point.
Thermodynamics of refrigeration

4. Vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Advantages:
• COP is high
• Evaporator size required is smaller
• Controlling is easy
• Operation temperature range is huge
• Volume of refrigerant circulation is
low
Applications:
• Domestic refrigerator
• Air conditioner
• Cold storage
• Ice plant
• Dairy outlets.
Disadvantages:
• High initial investment
• High cost of refrigerants
• Noise is more
• Environmental hazardous
because of refrigerants
• Leakage problems

5. PH andTS of VCR

6. Vapor absorption refrigeration system (Aqua ammonia system)
Advantages:
• The whole system will operated at huge temperature range
• Circulation volume of refrigerant is low which reduces the running
cost
• Evaporator size is also small when compared with others
• Coefficient of performance will be very high here
Disadvantages:
• Efficiency of absorption system will be very low when compared
with others
• Time to quotient will be high so as to produce cooling effect