An introduction into memory.
By reading this slide, you'll learn:
The four different types of memory
Memory Management
Garbage Collection
Threads
Stack
Heap
and a few more key things on the subject.
This document discusses thrashing and allocation of frames in an operating system. It defines thrashing as when a processor spends most of its time swapping pieces of processes in and out rather than executing user instructions. This leads to low CPU utilization. It also discusses how to allocate a minimum number of frames to each process to prevent thrashing and ensure efficient paging.
This document discusses different types of computer memory including primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary storage (hard drives, CDs, DVDs, etc.), and cache memory. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage of data and programs needed to run the computer. ROM is non-volatile and holds the operating system bootstrap loader. Cache memory improves performance by storing frequently used data and instructions closer to the processor. Secondary storage devices include hard drives, optical discs, USB drives, and solid state drives which are used for long-term and offline storage of data.
The document discusses disk structure and secondary storage. It describes how disks are organized with circular platters divided into tracks and sectors. Disks use magnetic heads to read and write data by moving across tracks. There are two main types of heads: fixed heads which each cover a single track, and moving heads which can access different tracks by positioning over the disk surface. The document outlines how disk capacity is increased by improving recording density, using both sides of platters, and stacking multiple disks.
This document discusses different types of computer memory and storage. It defines ROM as permanent memory that cannot be changed and RAM as temporary memory that only works when a computer is turned on. It then explains units of measurement for memory like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes. Finally, it describes various methods of external storage like hard drives, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and flash drives, noting their storage capacities and common uses.
The document discusses the history and types of computer memory. It describes how early memory in the 1940s had a capacity of only a few bytes. The ENIAC was the first electronic, general-purpose computer capable of being reprogrammed. Delay line memory was an early form that stored data as acoustic waves in mercury delay lines. Magnetic core memory, developed in 1947, allowed memory to be retained after power loss and became the dominant memory technology of the 1960s. Modern computers use semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, cache memory, and flash memory. RAM allows random access and comes in dynamic and static varieties, while ROM is read-only and flash memory is non-volatile.
This document discusses free space management techniques in operating systems. It explains the need to track free disk space and reuse it from deleted files. Various free space list implementations are described, including bit vector, linked list, grouping, and counting. Bit vector uses a bitmap to track free blocks, linked list links free blocks, grouping stores addresses of free blocks in blocks, and counting tracks free block runs with an address and count.
RAM is a type of volatile memory that is used for temporary storage. It allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. There are different types of RAM such as static RAM, dynamic RAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. RAM is part of a memory hierarchy that includes processor registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, and virtual memory. Future RAM technologies aim to provide memory that is smaller, faster, and cheaper than current memory chips.
RAM allows stored data to be accessed directly in any random order. There are two main types: static RAM and dynamic RAM. Static RAM keeps data without refreshing but is more expensive, while dynamic RAM needs refreshing but is cheaper. RAM is a temporary memory that does not store data permanently once power is turned off. Future RAM technologies aim to provide smaller, faster, and cheaper memory chips compared to today's options like DDR3 RAM.
This document discusses thrashing and allocation of frames in an operating system. It defines thrashing as when a processor spends most of its time swapping pieces of processes in and out rather than executing user instructions. This leads to low CPU utilization. It also discusses how to allocate a minimum number of frames to each process to prevent thrashing and ensure efficient paging.
This document discusses different types of computer memory including primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary storage (hard drives, CDs, DVDs, etc.), and cache memory. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage of data and programs needed to run the computer. ROM is non-volatile and holds the operating system bootstrap loader. Cache memory improves performance by storing frequently used data and instructions closer to the processor. Secondary storage devices include hard drives, optical discs, USB drives, and solid state drives which are used for long-term and offline storage of data.
The document discusses disk structure and secondary storage. It describes how disks are organized with circular platters divided into tracks and sectors. Disks use magnetic heads to read and write data by moving across tracks. There are two main types of heads: fixed heads which each cover a single track, and moving heads which can access different tracks by positioning over the disk surface. The document outlines how disk capacity is increased by improving recording density, using both sides of platters, and stacking multiple disks.
This document discusses different types of computer memory and storage. It defines ROM as permanent memory that cannot be changed and RAM as temporary memory that only works when a computer is turned on. It then explains units of measurement for memory like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes. Finally, it describes various methods of external storage like hard drives, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and flash drives, noting their storage capacities and common uses.
The document discusses the history and types of computer memory. It describes how early memory in the 1940s had a capacity of only a few bytes. The ENIAC was the first electronic, general-purpose computer capable of being reprogrammed. Delay line memory was an early form that stored data as acoustic waves in mercury delay lines. Magnetic core memory, developed in 1947, allowed memory to be retained after power loss and became the dominant memory technology of the 1960s. Modern computers use semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, cache memory, and flash memory. RAM allows random access and comes in dynamic and static varieties, while ROM is read-only and flash memory is non-volatile.
This document discusses free space management techniques in operating systems. It explains the need to track free disk space and reuse it from deleted files. Various free space list implementations are described, including bit vector, linked list, grouping, and counting. Bit vector uses a bitmap to track free blocks, linked list links free blocks, grouping stores addresses of free blocks in blocks, and counting tracks free block runs with an address and count.
RAM is a type of volatile memory that is used for temporary storage. It allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. There are different types of RAM such as static RAM, dynamic RAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. RAM is part of a memory hierarchy that includes processor registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, and virtual memory. Future RAM technologies aim to provide memory that is smaller, faster, and cheaper than current memory chips.
RAM allows stored data to be accessed directly in any random order. There are two main types: static RAM and dynamic RAM. Static RAM keeps data without refreshing but is more expensive, while dynamic RAM needs refreshing but is cheaper. RAM is a temporary memory that does not store data permanently once power is turned off. Future RAM technologies aim to provide smaller, faster, and cheaper memory chips compared to today's options like DDR3 RAM.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Computer Systems course being taught. It outlines the course content which includes memory organization, CPU organization and operation, and assembly programming. It provides contact information for the instructor and details on exams, textbooks, and the course website. It then discusses the characteristics of different types of computer memory including registers, main memory, disk memory, and different technologies for RAM such as SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM.
The document discusses the von Neumann architecture, which is still the fundamental design of modern computers. It introduced the concept of a stored program, where both program instructions and data are stored in memory. This allows programs to be changed by modifying memory contents rather than rewiring the computer. The von Neumann architecture uses four main components - memory, input/output, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit - connected by a bus. The control unit directs the fetching and executing of instructions from memory in sequential order through the other components.
The document discusses the history and types of computer memory. It begins by describing early memory technologies from the 1940s like delay line memory and magnetic core memory. Random access memory later emerged in the 1940s including the Williams tube and Selectron tube. Magnetic core memory became the dominant memory technology through the 1960s. The document then describes the main types of memory - ROM, RAM, cache memory, and flash memory. RAM is the most common type and is either DRAM or SRAM. Memory is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes etc. and is stored on memory modules that fit into slots on the motherboard.
Topic 10- Random Access Memory (RAM).pptxMartMantilla1
RAM allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. It is a type of volatile memory, meaning data is lost when power is turned off. There are two main types: static RAM and dynamic RAM. Static RAM does not need to be refreshed but takes up more space, while dynamic RAM needs refreshing but can store more data. Future RAM technologies aim to provide smaller, faster, and cheaper memory chips compared to today's RAM.
This document discusses different types of computer memory structures. It introduces registers and cache memory as the fastest types of volatile memory closest to the CPU. Registers are very small memory locations inside the CPU used to store instructions and data during processing. Cache memory is faster than main memory and stores frequently used data and instructions from main memory. Volatile memory loses its data when power is removed, while non-volatile memory retains data permanently in storage devices like hard drives, USB drives, and optical discs.
The document discusses computer storage devices. It defines primary storage devices as smaller and designed to hold data temporarily within the computer, such as RAM and cache memory. Secondary storage devices are larger capacity devices that store data permanently, both internally and externally, such as hard disks, USB drives, SD cards, CDs, DVDs, and tape drives. The document provides examples of different types of storage devices, including magnetic, optical, and flash memory, and discusses the differences between RAM and ROM. It includes multiple choice questions to test understanding of storage device terminology and functions.
This document discusses basic computer structure and operation. It describes the main components of a CPU including registers, ALU, and control unit. It explains how the CPU fetches, decodes and executes instructions in a repeating cycle. It also discusses memory types including RAM, ROM, flash and hard disks. The document provides an overview of operating systems, programming languages, and how user input such as a keypress is processed by the computer system.
* Memory types (RAM, ROM, EEPROM, etc).
* Program memory segments.
* Static vs. Dynamic memory allocation.
* Static vs. Dynamic linking.
* Function call with respect to stack, i/p, o/p and i/o parameters and return value.
* Functions types (Synch. vs. ASynch, Reentrant vs. non-Reentrant, Recursive, Inline function vs. function-like macro).
Storage devices are used to store data and information in a computer. There are two main types: primary and secondary storage. Primary storage includes RAM, ROM, and cache, which can be directly accessed by the CPU. RAM is used as the computer's main memory and comes in DRAM and SRAM varieties. ROM is used to store basic startup instructions and cannot be modified. Cache provides faster access to frequently used data. Secondary storage includes hard disks, which are not directly accessible by the CPU and require transferring data through primary storage. Hard disks are computers' main storage and come in internal and external varieties.
This document discusses virtual memory and cache memory. It defines virtual memory as a technique that allows programs to behave as if they have contiguous memory even if the actual physical memory is fragmented. It also describes how virtual memory provides each process with its own address space and hides fragmentation. The document also defines cache memory as a small, fast memory located close to the CPU that stores frequently accessed instructions and data to improve performance. It describes levels 1 and 2 caches and how they work with memory and disk caches.
RAM allows stored data to be accessed randomly in any order. It is a type of volatile memory that does not permanently store data and loses its contents when powered off. There are two main types of RAM: static RAM and dynamic RAM. Dynamic RAM needs to be refreshed to maintain its contents while static RAM does not. RAM technologies have evolved from FPM DRAM to EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, and RDRAM to increase bandwidth and transfer rates. The memory hierarchy includes CPU registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, virtual memory, and storage. Future RAM technologies aim to be smaller, faster, and cheaper through innovations like RRAM and Z-RAM.
This document provides examples and descriptions of different types of computer application software and storage devices. It discusses word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database management systems, desktop publishing software, web browsers, and graphic software as examples of application software. It also defines and provides examples of primary storage devices like RAM and secondary storage devices like hard drives, solid state drives, USB thumb drives, SD cards, CDs, DVDs, and floppy disks. It notes that today, most computers primarily use SSD storage and USB flash drives, along with cloud storage.
This document provides examples and descriptions of different types of computer application software and storage devices. It discusses word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database management systems, desktop publishing software, web browsers, and graphic software as examples of application software. It also defines and provides examples of primary storage devices like RAM and secondary storage devices like hard drives, solid state drives, USB thumb drives, SD cards, CDs, DVDs, and floppy disks. It notes that today, most computers primarily use SSD storage and USB flash drives, along with cloud storage.
Soumenu Patra Presentation_Types of Memory.pdfSoumenduPatra3
This document discusses different types of computer memory. It describes primary memory, which includes volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM. RAM is further divided into SRAM and DRAM, while ROM includes PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Secondary memory includes magnetic tapes, floppy disks, hard disks, SSDs, USB drives, and optical disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Caching and virtual memory are also briefly explained. The document provides an overview of computer memory types for software engineers.
1.1 core programming [understand computer storage and data types]tototo147
1) The document discusses computer storage and data types. It explains how computers store programs and data in memory, including primary storage (RAM) and secondary storage (hard drives).
2) Variables are stored in either the stack or heap based on their type. Value types like integers are stored on the stack while reference types like objects are stored on the heap.
3) The document reviews different data types including numeric (integral, floating-point, decimal), textual, and boolean types. It provides examples of declaring variables of each type.
The document discusses the key components of a computer and how they work, including:
- Memory components like RAM, ROM, and their functions for temporary and permanent storage. RAM controls moment-to-moment processes while ROM is permanent memory.
- Other memory types like cache and virtual memory that supplement RAM.
- Storage devices like hard disks that store files and software on metal platters, and portable options like thumb drives that replaced floppy disks.
- Optical disks like CDs and DVDs that use lasers to read and write data in pits on a disk surface for storage and mobility.
- The microprocessor that controls data flow and sorting, and input/output devices like keyboards,
The document discusses memory hierarchy and technologies. It describes the different levels of memory from fastest to slowest as processor registers, cache memory (levels 1 and 2), main memory, and secondary storage. The main memory technologies discussed are SRAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, and magnetic disks. Cache memory aims to speed up access time by exploiting locality of reference and uses mapping functions like direct mapping to determine cache locations.
The document discusses kernel exploitation. It begins with an introduction to basic kernel concepts like virtual memory and mitigations like SMAP, SMEP, and KPTI. It then covers topics like basic kernel exploitation through NULL pointer dereferences, dynamic memory management techniques like kmem caches and allocators, and real world exploitation using use-after-free vulnerabilities and doubly linked lists. The presentation uses examples to illustrate concepts at a high level since each topic could be its own full talk.
Computer storage holds data and programs that can be accessed by the processor. There are two types of storage: primary and secondary. Primary storage, like RAM and ROM, is internal memory that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Secondary storage is external and includes magnetic, optical, and flash memory used to store data long-term. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage while processing, and ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent programs installed by the manufacturer. Secondary storage has greater capacity and lower cost per megabyte than primary storage and allows for portable storage of data.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Computer Systems course being taught. It outlines the course content which includes memory organization, CPU organization and operation, and assembly programming. It provides contact information for the instructor and details on exams, textbooks, and the course website. It then discusses the characteristics of different types of computer memory including registers, main memory, disk memory, and different technologies for RAM such as SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM.
The document discusses the von Neumann architecture, which is still the fundamental design of modern computers. It introduced the concept of a stored program, where both program instructions and data are stored in memory. This allows programs to be changed by modifying memory contents rather than rewiring the computer. The von Neumann architecture uses four main components - memory, input/output, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit - connected by a bus. The control unit directs the fetching and executing of instructions from memory in sequential order through the other components.
The document discusses the history and types of computer memory. It begins by describing early memory technologies from the 1940s like delay line memory and magnetic core memory. Random access memory later emerged in the 1940s including the Williams tube and Selectron tube. Magnetic core memory became the dominant memory technology through the 1960s. The document then describes the main types of memory - ROM, RAM, cache memory, and flash memory. RAM is the most common type and is either DRAM or SRAM. Memory is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes etc. and is stored on memory modules that fit into slots on the motherboard.
Topic 10- Random Access Memory (RAM).pptxMartMantilla1
RAM allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. It is a type of volatile memory, meaning data is lost when power is turned off. There are two main types: static RAM and dynamic RAM. Static RAM does not need to be refreshed but takes up more space, while dynamic RAM needs refreshing but can store more data. Future RAM technologies aim to provide smaller, faster, and cheaper memory chips compared to today's RAM.
This document discusses different types of computer memory structures. It introduces registers and cache memory as the fastest types of volatile memory closest to the CPU. Registers are very small memory locations inside the CPU used to store instructions and data during processing. Cache memory is faster than main memory and stores frequently used data and instructions from main memory. Volatile memory loses its data when power is removed, while non-volatile memory retains data permanently in storage devices like hard drives, USB drives, and optical discs.
The document discusses computer storage devices. It defines primary storage devices as smaller and designed to hold data temporarily within the computer, such as RAM and cache memory. Secondary storage devices are larger capacity devices that store data permanently, both internally and externally, such as hard disks, USB drives, SD cards, CDs, DVDs, and tape drives. The document provides examples of different types of storage devices, including magnetic, optical, and flash memory, and discusses the differences between RAM and ROM. It includes multiple choice questions to test understanding of storage device terminology and functions.
This document discusses basic computer structure and operation. It describes the main components of a CPU including registers, ALU, and control unit. It explains how the CPU fetches, decodes and executes instructions in a repeating cycle. It also discusses memory types including RAM, ROM, flash and hard disks. The document provides an overview of operating systems, programming languages, and how user input such as a keypress is processed by the computer system.
* Memory types (RAM, ROM, EEPROM, etc).
* Program memory segments.
* Static vs. Dynamic memory allocation.
* Static vs. Dynamic linking.
* Function call with respect to stack, i/p, o/p and i/o parameters and return value.
* Functions types (Synch. vs. ASynch, Reentrant vs. non-Reentrant, Recursive, Inline function vs. function-like macro).
Storage devices are used to store data and information in a computer. There are two main types: primary and secondary storage. Primary storage includes RAM, ROM, and cache, which can be directly accessed by the CPU. RAM is used as the computer's main memory and comes in DRAM and SRAM varieties. ROM is used to store basic startup instructions and cannot be modified. Cache provides faster access to frequently used data. Secondary storage includes hard disks, which are not directly accessible by the CPU and require transferring data through primary storage. Hard disks are computers' main storage and come in internal and external varieties.
This document discusses virtual memory and cache memory. It defines virtual memory as a technique that allows programs to behave as if they have contiguous memory even if the actual physical memory is fragmented. It also describes how virtual memory provides each process with its own address space and hides fragmentation. The document also defines cache memory as a small, fast memory located close to the CPU that stores frequently accessed instructions and data to improve performance. It describes levels 1 and 2 caches and how they work with memory and disk caches.
RAM allows stored data to be accessed randomly in any order. It is a type of volatile memory that does not permanently store data and loses its contents when powered off. There are two main types of RAM: static RAM and dynamic RAM. Dynamic RAM needs to be refreshed to maintain its contents while static RAM does not. RAM technologies have evolved from FPM DRAM to EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, and RDRAM to increase bandwidth and transfer rates. The memory hierarchy includes CPU registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, virtual memory, and storage. Future RAM technologies aim to be smaller, faster, and cheaper through innovations like RRAM and Z-RAM.
This document provides examples and descriptions of different types of computer application software and storage devices. It discusses word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database management systems, desktop publishing software, web browsers, and graphic software as examples of application software. It also defines and provides examples of primary storage devices like RAM and secondary storage devices like hard drives, solid state drives, USB thumb drives, SD cards, CDs, DVDs, and floppy disks. It notes that today, most computers primarily use SSD storage and USB flash drives, along with cloud storage.
This document provides examples and descriptions of different types of computer application software and storage devices. It discusses word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database management systems, desktop publishing software, web browsers, and graphic software as examples of application software. It also defines and provides examples of primary storage devices like RAM and secondary storage devices like hard drives, solid state drives, USB thumb drives, SD cards, CDs, DVDs, and floppy disks. It notes that today, most computers primarily use SSD storage and USB flash drives, along with cloud storage.
Soumenu Patra Presentation_Types of Memory.pdfSoumenduPatra3
This document discusses different types of computer memory. It describes primary memory, which includes volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM. RAM is further divided into SRAM and DRAM, while ROM includes PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Secondary memory includes magnetic tapes, floppy disks, hard disks, SSDs, USB drives, and optical disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Caching and virtual memory are also briefly explained. The document provides an overview of computer memory types for software engineers.
1.1 core programming [understand computer storage and data types]tototo147
1) The document discusses computer storage and data types. It explains how computers store programs and data in memory, including primary storage (RAM) and secondary storage (hard drives).
2) Variables are stored in either the stack or heap based on their type. Value types like integers are stored on the stack while reference types like objects are stored on the heap.
3) The document reviews different data types including numeric (integral, floating-point, decimal), textual, and boolean types. It provides examples of declaring variables of each type.
The document discusses the key components of a computer and how they work, including:
- Memory components like RAM, ROM, and their functions for temporary and permanent storage. RAM controls moment-to-moment processes while ROM is permanent memory.
- Other memory types like cache and virtual memory that supplement RAM.
- Storage devices like hard disks that store files and software on metal platters, and portable options like thumb drives that replaced floppy disks.
- Optical disks like CDs and DVDs that use lasers to read and write data in pits on a disk surface for storage and mobility.
- The microprocessor that controls data flow and sorting, and input/output devices like keyboards,
The document discusses memory hierarchy and technologies. It describes the different levels of memory from fastest to slowest as processor registers, cache memory (levels 1 and 2), main memory, and secondary storage. The main memory technologies discussed are SRAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, and magnetic disks. Cache memory aims to speed up access time by exploiting locality of reference and uses mapping functions like direct mapping to determine cache locations.
The document discusses kernel exploitation. It begins with an introduction to basic kernel concepts like virtual memory and mitigations like SMAP, SMEP, and KPTI. It then covers topics like basic kernel exploitation through NULL pointer dereferences, dynamic memory management techniques like kmem caches and allocators, and real world exploitation using use-after-free vulnerabilities and doubly linked lists. The presentation uses examples to illustrate concepts at a high level since each topic could be its own full talk.
Computer storage holds data and programs that can be accessed by the processor. There are two types of storage: primary and secondary. Primary storage, like RAM and ROM, is internal memory that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Secondary storage is external and includes magnetic, optical, and flash memory used to store data long-term. RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage while processing, and ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent programs installed by the manufacturer. Secondary storage has greater capacity and lower cost per megabyte than primary storage and allows for portable storage of data.
Similar to Introduction into memory (Computer Science) (20)
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
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Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
3. 4 types of Memory
Internal Memory
Main Memory
Online Mass Storage
Offline Mass Storage
4.
5. Internal Memory
- Process Registers - Small Amounts of information to be consumed (do calculations on)
- L0 - L4 Cache - Large Amounts of information to be broken down
- Abstracted out in most languages
6. Main Memory
R.A.M (Random Access Memory)
The memory is Volatile
Programs store information (variables, files, and etc)
Ram is where the HEAP lives
7. Online Mass Storage
No this is not Dropbox or Google Drive.
This is referring to the Hard Drive inside your
computer.
The reason why it is online is because it is attached to
your computer using a cable
This is a non-volatile type of memory (means stores it
even after power it removed)
8. Offline Bulk Storage
This can mean things like Dropbox, Google Drive, and
others.
Databases also fall into the category of Offline Bulk
Storage
What defines offline bulk storage is that the computer
must leave its own physical machine to access the
information.
9. Memory Management
Higher level languages like Javascript, Python, PHP, Ruby, and others have abstracted Memory management
to be handled for you.
C and C++ are lower level languages that need to be manually told to allocate memory when running their
programs.
10.
11. Garbage Collection
A form of automatic memory management that tries
to reclaim memory by objects that are no longer
being used.
Takes a significant amount of processing power
Runs every 16ms
Invented by John McCarthy around 1959.
12. Threads
a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be
managed independently by a scheduler
Multiple threads can exist in a process which can share resources like memory. Often
referred to as Multi-threaded.
Javascript, Ruby, and Python don’t start off as multi-threaded, while other languages like
Swift and Objective-C rely heavily on multi-thread for performance reasons.
13.
14. Stacks
Memory set aside as scratch space for a thread of
execution.
Function is called, a stack is created to allocate space
for variables and some bookkeeping data. Once the
function is finished executing the stack releases the
memory to be used again by the next function.
LIFO (last in first out)
15. Heap
Memory set aside for dynamic allocation.
There is no enforced pattern for Allocation or
Deallocation.
Makes it difficult to keep track of
25. Non - Destructive
Doesn’t alter the original array in anyway but rather makes a new copy and returns that.
we use up more space but can ignore state
26. Bonus
Where are we using non-destructive methods in a REACT REDUX project?
***HINT****
Think of what pure functions are.