The document provides an overview of pathophysiology as an academic subject. It discusses pathophysiology as exploring the mechanisms underlying disease development and functional/metabolic changes in the body. The goals are to investigate disease occurrence and progression. Pathophysiology acts as a bridge between basic medical sciences and clinical practice. It synthesizes knowledge of normal and abnormal body structure/function. The content includes disease concepts/etiologies, common pathological processes, and organ/cellular/molecular pathophysiology. Learning pathophysiology requires understanding causes, pathogenesis, and functional/metabolic alterations while using systems-thinking approaches.

1. Pathophysiology Yu-Hong Jia, Ph.D Department of pathophysiology Dalian medical university

2. Introduction Concept Goal Status Contents

3. Ⅰ. Concept Pathophysiology is a subject to explore the rule and mechanism of the origin and evolution of disease. Applied physiology Clinical physiology Medical physiology Physiology of disease

4. Ⅱ. Goal, status, contents Explore the general rule and mechanism of occurrence and development of disease Explore the functional and metabolic alterations of sick body and the underlying mechanism 1. Goal

5. investigation Question 1: Which basal subjects do you think are most useful for clinical practice? Answer: pathophysiology and pharmacology Question 2: Which basal subjects do you think are most difficult to learn? Answer: biochemistry and pathophysiology

6. 2. Status – a bridge linking basic medical science and clinical medical science a synthesized marginal subject linked with many subjects of basic medical science. a subject linked with clinical medical science ? ? 2. Status Basic medical science Clinical medical science pathophysiology A bridge subject

7. Pathophysiology - dialectics about human knowledge on structure, function, metabolism Synthesize, analyze Normal body Sick body Knowledge after scientific thinking Stem from Apply to Anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry pathophysiology

8. hypokalemia K+ directly lost with intestinal juice diarrhea->extra cellular fluid↓-> effective circulatory blood volume↓-> ADS↑->Na+ retention, K+ excretion -> loss of K+ through kidney↑ hypokalemia->myocardial resting membrane potential change->alteration of myocardial excitability, contractility, conductivity, automaticity->arrhythimia ? ? diarrhea arrhythmia

9. Pathophysiology is different from clinical subject Pathophysiology Clinical subject Kinds of disease Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism Acid-base imbalance hypoxia shock gastroenteritis pneumonia Cause of disease Disturbance of normal physiological or biochemical process A wide range of extrinsic and intrinsic factors … …

10. Heart failure Heart pump Myocardial contractility and diastolic function load of myocardium Heart failure

11. Chronic bronchitis Cough, stethocatharsis, with/without asthma, last for two or more than two years, exclusive of other disease of heart and lung. The cause of chronic bronchitis: infection Smoking cold Immunological factor Diagnosis criteria:

12. 3. contents pathophysiology conspectus of disease basic pathological process Organic pathophysiology Cellular and molecular pathophysiology

13. conspectus of disease Concept of disease Etiology of disease Pathogenesis of disease Outcome of disease

14. basic pathological process Refers to some common and collective functional and/or metabolic and/or structural alterations presented in many kinds of disease. e.g. hypoxia, edema, stress, acidosis, fever, and so on

15. Organic pathophysiology Mainly discuss the basic processes and mechanisms of the insufficiency or failure of important organs in the body, i. e., heart, lung, liver, kidney and brain.

16. Cellular and molecular pathophysiology Signal transduction and disease Cell apoptosis in disease

17. What is pathophysiology? Why is pathophysiology important? What contents are arranged in the book of pathophysiology?

18. How to Learn Pathophysiology Grasp the major points: causes, pathogenesis, alterations in metabolism and functions Use dialectical thinking and methods, such as views of contradictory and unification, transformation, etc. Selectively review related knowledge learned previously, such as physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, pathology, and so on. Pay attention to the lecture in class.

19. thank you!