The document discusses the Interactive Structuring Method (ISM), which helps to identify relationships between elements of a complex system and structure them in a hierarchical model. It outlines the steps of ISM, including identifying variables, determining their contextual relationships, developing a structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM) and reachability matrix, and partitioning the matrices into levels. An example of applying ISM to identify the relationships between factors influencing an event is provided. ISM transforms unclear mental models into clear hierarchical models.

1. By
- Varsha D
- Raju K
- Mahesh V

2. *
*ISM is one of the Interactive Management methods which
assist research groups in dealing with complex issues.
*It is a well known methodology for identifying and
summarizing relationships among specific elements,
which define an issue or a problem, and provide a
means by which order can be imposed on the complexity
of such elements
ISM- Raj Kabade

3. *It helps to identify structure within a system of related
elements and provide the opportunity to analyze it from
several viewpoints
*ISM transforms unclear, poorly articulated mental models of a
system into visible well defined, hierarchal models.
ISM- Raj Kabade

4. *
ISM- Raj Kabade

5. Identification of variables Identification of the elements that are
relevant to the problem or issue
ISM- Raj Kabade

6. Identification of variables
Establish contextual
relationships between variables From the elements identified in the
first step, establishing the contextual
relationship among them
- It represents which element leads or
follows
ISM- Raj Kabade

7. Identification of variables
Establish contextual
relationships between variables
Develop Structural Self
Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
It indicates a pair-wise relationship
between sources
ISM- Raj Kabade

8. Identification of variables
Establish contextual
relationships between variables
Develop Structural Self
Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
Develop a reachability matrix
The SSIM format is transformed in the
format of the reachability matrix by
transforming the information in each
entry of the SSIM into ‘1s’ and ‘0s’ in
the reachability matrix.
ISM- Raj Kabade

9. Identification of variables
Establish contextual
relationships between variables
Develop Structural Self
Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
Develop a reachability matrix
Partition the reachability matrix
into different levels
ISM- Raj Kabade

10. Identification of variables
Establish contextual
relationships between variables
Develop Structural Self
Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
Develop digraph
Develop a reachability matrix
Partition the reachability matrix
into different levels
ISM- Raj Kabade

11. Identification of variables
Establish contextual
relationships between variables
Develop Structural Self
Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
Develop digraph
Represents relationships among
Variables in framework
Develop a reachability matrix
Partition the reachability matrix
into different levels
ISM- Raj Kabade

12. *
* Leadership(v1)
* Co-ordination(v2)
* Hospitality(v3)
* Promotional Activities(v4)
* No. of participants from various colleges(v5)
* Date of Event (v6)
* Resources(v7)
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13. *
ij ji
V 1 0
A 0 1
X 1 1
o 0 0
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14. V1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 v7
V1 - X V V O X V
V2 - - O V O X V
V3 - - - O A O A
V4 - - - - V A A
V5 - - - - - A X
V6 - - - - - - X
v7 - - - - - - -
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15. V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7
V1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
V2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
V3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
V4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
V5 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
V6 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
V7 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
ISM- Raj Kabade

16. *
VARIABLES REACHABILIT
Y
ANTECEDENT INTERSECTIO
N
LEVELS
V1 V1,V2,V3,V4,
V6,V7
V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V2 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V3 V3 V1,V3,V5,V7 V3 1
V4 V4,V5 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V4
V5 V3,V5,V7 V4,V5,V6,V7 V5,V7
V6 V1,V2,V4,V5,
V6,V7
V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7
V7 V3,V4,V5,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V5,V6,
V7
V5,V6,V7
ISM- Raj Kabade

17. *
VARIABLES REACHABILIT
Y
ANTECEDENT INTERSECTIO
N
LEVELS
V1 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V2 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V4 V4,V5 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V4
V5 V5,V7 V4,V5,V6,V7 V5,V7 2
V6 V1,V2,V4,V5,
V6,V7
V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7
V7 V4,V5,V6,V7 V1,V2,V5,V6,
V7
V5,V6,V7
ISM- Raj Kabade

18. *
VARIABLES REACHABILIT
Y
ANTECEDENT INTERSECTIO
N
LEVELS
V1 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V2 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V4 V4 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V4 3
V6 V1,V2,V4,V6,
V7
V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7
V7 V4,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7 V6,V7
ISM- Raj Kabade

19. *
VARIABLES REACHABILIT
Y
ANTECEDENT INTERSECTIO
N
LEVELS
V1 V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V2 V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6, V1,V2,V6
V6 V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7 4
V7 V6,V7 V1,V2,V6,V7 V6,V7 4
ISM- Raj Kabade

20. *
VARIABLES REACHABILIT
Y
ANTECEDENT INTERSECTIO
N
LEVELS
V1 V1,V2 V1,V2 V1,V2 5
V2 V1,V2 V1,V2 V1,V2 5
ISM- Raj Kabade

21. *
Leadership Coordination
Date of
Event
Resources
Promotional Activities
Hospitality
No. of Participants

22. *
ISM may be used on its own when the elements of
the issue are already known. Where this is not the
case, Nominal Group Technique may be introduced
as one step in the ISM process to assist the
participants in generating and clarifying the
elements to be structured
ISM- Raj Kabade

23. *
ISM- Raj Kabade