The document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing its key characteristics such as intelligence, connectivity, and security. It discusses various technologies used in IoT, including wireless protocols and their specifications, as well as the importance of IoT security and associated threats and countermeasures. Additionally, it highlights applications of IoT in areas like smart cities, retail, homes, and wearable technology.

1. IoT

2. Afif Al Mamun

3. Contents
 Introduction to IoT
 Key Characteristics
 Technologies Used
 Security of IoT & It’s Necessity
 Threats & Countermeasures
 Few Applications

4. What is IoT?

5. Key Characteristics
• Intelligence: Intelligence in IoT is only
concerned as means of interaction
between devices
• Connectivity: Connectivity empowers
Internet of Things by bringing together
everyday objects.
• Dynamic Nature: The primary activity of
Internet of Things is to collect data from
its environment, this is achieved with the
dynamic changes that take place around
the devices.

6. Key Characteristics
• Sensing: Sensing technologies provide the
means to create capabilities that reflect a
true awareness of the physical world and the
people in it.
• Heterogeneity: Ability to interact with
other devices/platform through different
networks.
• Security: Secures data from external world.

7. Technologies Used
• Interoperability standards
1. Sensors
2. Network & applications own ability
• Wireless protocols
1. Range of connectivity
2. Networking topology

8. • BLE - Bluetooth Low Energy & BS - Bluetooth Smart
1. Frequency: 2.4GHz
2. Range: less than 150m
3. Data Rates: 1Mbps
• Zigbee
1. Frequency: 2.4GHz
2. Range: Less than 100m
3. Data Rates: 250kbps
Technologies Used

9. • LPWAN
1. Low range
2. Low power
• WiFi
1. Frequency: 2.4GHz
2. Range: Approximately 50m
3. Data Rates: Up to 1Gbps
Technologies Used

10. • Cellular
1. Frequency: 900, 1800, 1900, 2100MHz
2. Range: 35km max for GSM, 200km max for HSPA
3. Data Rates: Less than 170kps GPRS, less than
384kbps EDGE, less than 2Mbps UMTS,
less than 10Mbps HSP, 3-10Mbps LTE
Technologies Used

11. • IoT network security
• IoT authentication
• IoT encryption
IoT Security

12. • IoT PKI:
Vendors: HPE, Symantec
• IoT security analytics:
Vendors: Cisco, Kaspersky
• IoT API security:
IoT Security

13. • Embedded system market:
• Old Software:
• Typical attack:
1. MAN
2. DOS/DDOS
Unpatchable IoT and Necessity

14. Threats & Countermeasures
• Insecure Web Interface
1. Weak Default Credentials
2. SQL – Injection
3. Session Management
• Countermeasures:
1. Changing default username/password during setup
2. Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or
external network traffic.
3. Account locking after 3 – 5 failed attempts.

15. • Insecure Network Authorization
1. Vulnerable Services
2. Exploitable UDP Services
3. Denial-of-Service(DoS)
• Countermeasures:
1. Ensuring Services are not vulnerable to DoS attacks.
2. Ensuring only necessary ports are exposed and available.
3. Ensuring network ports are not exposed to the internet .
Threats & Countermeasures

16. • Insecure Software/Firmware
1. Encryption Not Used to Fetch Updates
2. Update File not Encrypted
3. Firmware Contains Sensitive Information
• Countermeasures:
1. Ensuring device update ability.
2. Ensuring update file is encrypted as well as the
connection.
3. Ensuring update does not expose sensitive data.
Threats & Countermeasures

17. Few Applications
1. Smart City

18. 2. Smart Retailing
Few Applications

19. 3. Smart Home
4. Wearables Technology
Few Applications

20. Thank You!