The document outlines the Internet of Things (IoT) as a network connecting billions of devices that enhances data exchange and service through intelligent machine systems. It discusses the Data Distribution Service (DDS) as a key middleware protocol that provides efficient, real-time data exchanges and scalability for IoT applications, highlighting its features like decentralized architecture and QoS control. The document emphasizes the need for standardization in IoT communication protocols and presents Mil-DDs as a middleware solution that enhances interoperability and reliability in various IoT domains.

1. DDS for Internet of Things (IoT)
Mil-DDS IoT Suite
Abdullah OZTURK,Technical Lead

2. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects or "things" embedded with
electronics, software, sensors and connectivity to
enable it to achieve greater value and service by
exchanging data with the manufacturer, operator
and/or other connected devices.
Source: Wikipedia

3. The current Internet is about people. The IoT is about smart
machines.
The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to connect up to 50
billion devices in a short five years.

4. Main Requirements of IoT
• Identification
• Sensing
• Communication

5. The next wave of the Internet will connect machines and
devices together into functioning, intelligent systems.
These interconnected devices will work together with speed,
scale and capabilities that are hard to predict.

6. People to Things Pyramid

7. Problems of Today’s IoT
Devices on today's Internet of Things communicate primarily
with centralized servers.
The lack of protocol is a direct obstacle to the IoT.
If data will be trapped within centralized silos, it would remain
more difficult to share; and more security and privacy
concerns would be raised.
It would have to travel farther and might be subject to
congestion at hubs, slowing down services.

8. Alternatively, stronger and more widely used protocols used
by more devices could create an Internet of Islands.

9. IoT systems will be built from thousands of different "finer
grained" applications.
Enterprise and human-centric communications are too slow
or too sparse to put together large networks of screaming-
fast devices.
These new types of intelligent machines need a new
technology.
Several protocol standards address IoT challenges.

10. IoT Technology Stack

11. The Data Distribution Service for Real-Time
Systems (DDS) is an Object Management Group
(OMG) machine-to-machine middleware "m2m"
standard that aims to enable scalable, real-time,
dependable, high-performance and interoperable
data exchanges between publishers and subscribers.
The Data Distribution Service (DDS) most directly addresses
the development of intelligent distributed machines.
Source: Wikipedia

12. DDS Key Features for IoT
• DDS handles message addressing, data marshaling,
delivery, flow control, retries, etc.
• DDS can deliver data securely at high speeds to thousands
of recipients with strict control of timing, reliability,
failover, and heterogeneity (CPU architecture,
programming language and OS independence).
• DDS supports a decentralized broker-less architecture to
enable seamless data sharing between publishers and
subscribers.
• DDS can run over many transports including TCP/IP, UDP
by the DDS interoperability wire protocol.

13. DDS implementation can be scaled down to deeply embedded
devices or up to high-end multicore machines.
DDS can provide the real-time, many-to-many, managed connectivity
required by high-performance device-to-device applications.
DDS is also emerging as a key interoperable messaging protocol for
connecting real-time device networks to cloud based data centers.
IoT Communications

14. Scalability with DDS
Demanding strong consistency and availability everywhere
will not scale for many IoT systems,
• because they are inherently partitioned due to
unreliable connections.
DDS provides eventual consistency of data efficiently.
DDS handles discovery of newly added devices dynamically.
Ŏ adding a new smart machine to the network doesn’t
require any configuration changes.
By design DDS’s loosely-coupled architecture scales better
than the other protocols.

15. Data-centric DDS middleware locates, filters, controls, and
exchanges information flow with a known data model.
The infrastructure understands and manages the states.
All interested subscribers have a correct and consistent view
of the data.
∠ Moving complexity into the middleware
Ŏ greatly simplifies the applications
∠ Decoupling services from data
Ŏ results in higher availability and increased fault-
tolerance

16. DDS targets device-to-device communications by differing
significantly from the other protocols in QoS control.
• resend lost messages (reliability)
• preserve order in which to deliver data (presentation)
• failover (ownership and strength)
• keep/deliver data for late joiners (durability)
• amount of data to keep in cache / deliver to late joiners (history)
• how long to keep data (lifespan)
• control notifications of missed data (deadline)
• presence fidelity (liveliness)
• control how frequently to receive data (time-based filter)
• control which data to receive based on content (content filter)
• constrain memory usage (resource limits)

17. Any technological device that is able to autonomously
communicate to another device as well as access the Internet
is an Intelligent System.
Industrial Internet: an emerging trend that refers to the
integration of big data, Internet of Things, machine-to-
machine communications and cyber-physical systems.

18. IoT Standardization
• OMG has been active in IIoT standardization for long.
• Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) has been formed
with at least 10 companies -- including AT&T, Cisco Systems,
GE, IBM, and Intel -- to set standards in the area.
• DDS is a strong candidate for protocol standardization.
• There may come a time when every automated system we
touch will integrate the DDS middleware.

19. Mil-DDS Research Goals
• To provide insight into the suitability of OMG DDS standards
for use between different domains.
• To identify gaps with the current set of DDS standards.
• To identify potential new or extensions to support the use
of DDS within the IoT architecture.

20. In summary, DDS is the standard that addresses most of the
requirements of IoT systems.
Mil-DDS product family benefits from the DDS in its core
messaging platform for interoperability, reliability, high
performance and fault-tolerance.
Mil-DDS enriches the core product by providing solutions for
mobile, embedded, web, enterprise, and cloud applications
for IoT systems.

21. Thank you.
Mil-DDS IoT Suite
Abdullah OZTURK,Technical Lead