The document compares the internet infrastructure of Malaysia and Singapore. It outlines the development of internet infrastructure in both countries from the late 1980s onwards. Key points discussed include the launch of early networks like Rangkom in Malaysia and NUSNET in Singapore. It also discusses major internet service providers and the backbone infrastructure in each country. The document concludes by noting areas of focus for both countries' internet development, such as IoT, cloud computing, big data analytics, and cybersecurity.

1. Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

2.  The 21st century is characterized with widespread
use of the Internet.
 Some individuals seems to know little concerning
the operation of the Internet.
 Access to Internet depends on the existing
infrastructure.
 Internet infrastructure is composed of hardware
and software.
 The basic Internet infrastructure of Malaysia and
Singapore will be compared.

3.  In 1987, the Computer Network of Malaysia “Rangkom”
was launched in the institutions of higher learning.
 Purpose of Rangkom was to respond to needs of
communication.
 The institute of macro-electric system(MIMOS) enabled
Rangkom to establish dial-up lines to countries such as
Australia, United States, and Netherlands.
 In 1991, Joint Advanced Research Integrated
Network(JARING) was launched for communication
purposes.
 Later in 1992, JARING was commercialized, as such, it
expanded its network infrastructure.
 Commercialization of JARING led to formation of
Telekom Malaysian Berhads(TMB).

4.  Internet was introduced in 1987 in the National University
of Singapore (NUS).
 The NUSNET- campus network was launched by NUS in
1991.
 NUSNET connected over 3000 computers in Singapore.
 In 1992, TechNet was launched for institutional
collaboration.
 In 1994, SingTel launched SingNet, the commercial internet
service provider (ISP) in Singapore
 Later on, Singapore-ONE and Singapore-REN were
launched.
 Singapore formed direct links with Korea and Canada
among other countries.

5.  Malaysia has more than 210 telephone lines for every a thousand
population.
 The Multimedia Super Corridor(MSC) attracts over 900 domestic and
international companies in IT and communication
 The Malaysian network has high-speed link connecting the MSC to Japan,
ASEAN, the US, and Europe.
 The network supports wide-ranging governmental, education, and
business applications.
 The number of people who use Internet has gradually increased over the
years.
Major Internet Providers
 Time dotNet
Time dotNet is an infrastructure which offers proportioned broadband
internet access to suburban users.
TMNET
 TMNET offers dial-up services such as TMNET 1525 for the market and
TMNET Direct for corporate customers.

6.  TMNET also contains internet and multimedia services such as
TMNET Myloca.
 HyperNet is TIMNET’s top most backbone internet infrastructure
which has 10Gps capacity and 45 megabits connection with as
speed of 155Mbp.s
3. JARING
JARING was commercialized in 1992 after setting the first 64kbps.
 JARING’s backbone infrastructure is the superJARING.
 SuperJARING has 2.5Gps speed of broadcast in the internet
industry.
 The backbone network was built from Cisco 12000 series Gigabit
Switch Routers (GSRs).
 Malaysia has a well-developed telecom infrastructure.
 Currently, the country has over 652,000 ADSL connections.
 The largest internet provider in Malaysia is the TMnet- a subsidiary
of Telekom.

7. Malaysia
1.Internet of Things(IoT)
This is a technology in which most things are connected and enabled such as image recognition
functionality are integrated into new services, management of asset and situational decision
support( Ye et al., 2014).
2. Cloud computing
The adoption of cloud computing and building on the National Broadband Initiative accelerates
the development of Malaysia into an advanced economy
3. Big data analytics
Due to digitization , organizations in Malaysia focuses on Big Data Analytics to create value for
Productivity, growth and innovation.
4.Cybersecurity, and robotics
Cybersecurity is a critical issues for continued development of IT and telecommunication sectors.
Malaysia focuses on key areas such as high availability systems to ensure continuous and
uninterrupted operations of critical IT systems.
.

8.  Singapore has high development level in terms of telecomm
infrastructure.
 The country has got a close accessibility to the infrastructure from
almost all regions of the island that are occupied.
 Singapore has to over 90 million phone lines in Singapore.
 Of the 90million, 47 million serves other telecommunication
devices most commonly the computers and facsimile machines.
 Underwater telephone cables in Singapore are channeled to
Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia.
Singapore has over 4,114,500 internet subscribers.
Internet Service Providers in Singapore(ISP) are;
a) SingNet , Singtel MetroEthernet (MetroE) is the backbone
infrastrucure.
b) StarHub Internet,
c) Pacnet
d) MobileOne

9. • Singapore One is a government initiative launched in 1996 and
thereafter, commercialized in 1998 to connect the island in a high-
speed broadband network using various mediums such as fiber,
DSL and cable.
 The SingTel was commercialized In 1997 after the commercial
trials for Singapore Telecommunication services
 Singapore Cable Vision started trails for its cable modem based
services and was commercially deployed in 1999(Iqbal Khadaroo,
2005).
 Singtel's ADSL service was consequently rolled out on a
countrywide scale in 2000.
 The Singapore Broadband Subscribers includes 76.5% wireless,
12.xDSL, 10.4Z% cable modem and 0.2 other
 Singapore is an international financial and trade centre and
therefore see Connectivity as a priority.
 The principal upstream link is a 45 mbps to North America which is
shared the three Internet service providers (ISPs).

10. Immersive Media
• New media formats help form new realistic experiences.
•The internet infrastructure of Singapore has developed across the country .
•The immersive consumer product forms the principal segment of the
immersive media
Artificial Intelligence(AI) and Data Science
• NUS has employed AI technology to relocate existing institutes of research
to give a sharper focus on building capability.
•Big data analytics is applied to research augmented reality and Internet of
Things .
Cyber security
 Many organizations in Singapore have embarked on the cyber security
technology program to train more cyber security.
Internet of Things(IoT)
•IoT is a technology which provides services associated with a smart nation
such as; smart energy and digital manufacturing(Bhayani et al.,2016)
• An IoT network enables connected devices to communicate, send
information and formulate actionable intelligence.

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Bhayani, M., Mehul, P., & Chintan, B. (2016).
Internet of Things (IoT): In a way of smart
world. Proceedings of the International Congress on
Information and Communication Technology, 343-
350.
Ye, N., Zhu, Y., Wang, R. C., Malekian, R., & Qiao-
min, L. (2014). An efficient authentication and
access control scheme for perception layer of
internet of things. Applied Mathematics &
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