The document discusses the history and development of the Internet. It describes how the Internet began as the ARPANET network established by the US government in the 1960s and expanded through academic and research networks. It then outlines some of the major developments including the transition to TCP/IP protocols in 1983, the commercialization of the Internet in the late 1980s and 1990s, and the growth of mobile Internet technologies. The document also provides information on how individuals and organizations can connect to the Internet using various wired and wireless technologies.

1. Thiti Theerathean
Center for Teaching Excellence
University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce
E-mail : thiti_the@utcc.ac.th

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The Internet, also called the NET, is a worldwide collection of networks that
links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.
What is the Internet ?
We use the internet for….
• Researching information.
• Sharing data and resource.
• Data publication.
• Chat and mail.
• Playing game.
• Trading and Payment.
• etc.

4. 4
T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
A History of the Internet.
• 1957, USSR launches the first artificial earth satellite - Sputnik.
• 1962, J. C. R. Licklider create a concept
for an Intergalactic Computer
Network or Galactic Network.
• 1969, ARPA and MIT initiated a project
to build a computer network,
called ARPA Network (ARPANET)
• 1958, US forms the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) that was created
as a direct response to the launch of the Sputnik by USSR.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
A History of the Internet.
The first ARPANET link was established between 4-node network
Node 1: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),
Host is SDS SIGMA7
Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI),
Host is SDS 940
Node 3: University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB),
Host is IBM 360/75
Node 4: University of Utah,
Host is DEC PDP-10

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
A History of the Internet.
• 1970, the radio-based data communications system, ALOHAnet, was developed
by Norman Abramson at the University of Hawaii.
• 1972, ALOHAnet was connected to the ARPANET
• 1973, European developers were concerned with developing the X.25 networks
and join the network to ARPANET through the Norwegian Seismic Array
(NORSAR)

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
A History of the Internet.
• 1981, the number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being added
approximately every twenty days.
• 1983, all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the NCP protocol to
TCP/IP protocol.
• 1986, The U.S. National Science Foundation (NFS)
establish the NFSnet (the backbone speed
of 56Kbps) that aimed to create an open
network allowing academic researchers
access to supercomputers.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
A History of the Internet.
• 1988, the NSFnet backbone upgraded to 1.5Mbps and the opening of the
network to commercial interests was began.
• 1989, ARPANET ended officially
• 1991, the NSFnet backbone upgraded to 45 Mbps
• 1992, number of hosts breaks 1,000,000
• 1996, The first mobile phone to have Internet connectivity
was the Nokia 9000 Communicator.
• 1999, NTT DoCoMo in Japan launched
the first mobile Internet service, i-Mode
• 2001, 150 – 175 million hosts
• 2002, over 200 million hosts
“The genie would not go back in the bottle”
By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Internet users in the World

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Internet users in Asia

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Source: http://internet.nectec.or.th
Source: The 2008 ICT Survey (Household)
National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology
Internet users in Thailand

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How can we connect to the Internet ?
• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that offers its customers access to
the Internet.
• A network service provider (NAP) is a telecommunications company that sells
bandwidth or network access by providing direct backbone access to the Internet
Network Service Provider.
(NSP)
Internet Service Provider.
(ISP)
Company.
Home User.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Network Service Providers in Thailand.
International Internet Gateway (IIG) National Internet Exchange (NIX)
• CAT Telecom
• TOT
• True Internet
• Advance Datanetwork Communications
• TT&T
• CS Loxinfo
• Super Broadband Network
• CAT Telecom National Internet Exchange
• TOT National Internet Exchange
• True Internet Gateway National Internet Exchange
• Advance Datanetwork Communication National
Internet Exchange
• CS Loxinfo National Internet Exchange
• TT&T Global Network National Internet Exchange
• Super Broadband Network (SBN) Internet Exchange
• NECTEC IIR Public Internet Exchange

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Internet Service Providers in Thailand.
Wired WirelessTrue Internet DSL, Cable, Leased Line
3BB DSL, Leased Line
TOT DSL, Leased Line
CAT Telecom DSL, Cable, Leased Line
KSC Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
CS Loxinfo Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
TT&T DSL
Buddy Broadband DSL
Internet Thailand Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Pacific Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Jasmine Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Samart Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
A-Net Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Otaro/InterNetwork Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
Proen Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line
AIS GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA
DTAC GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA
True GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, Wi-Fi
TOT HSDPA, Wi-Fi
CAT Telecom 3G CDMA
Hutch 3G CDMA
iMobile 3Gx HSDPA
iKool 3G HSDPA

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wired Internet Connection
Dial-up
The client uses a modem connected to a computer and a telephone line to
dial into an Internet service provider's (ISP) node to establish a modem-to-modem
link, which is then routed to the Internet.
 V.92 Download 56 Kbps
Upload 48 Kbps
 V.90 Download 56 Kbps
Upload 33.6 Kbps
 V.34+ Download 33.6 Kbps
Upload 33.6 Kbps
 V.34 Download 28.8 Kbps
Upload 28.8 Kbps

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wired Internet Connection
Lease line.
Internet
Gateway ISP
Leased line
Router Modem
Upstream
Downstream
• A private symmetric telecommunications line on the telephone networks
that always active.
• It is connected over copper wire or fiber optic and can guarantee the
levels of service
• The fee for the connection is a fixed monthly rate.
• Its speed is multiples of 64 Kbps.
Leased line
Router Modem

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wired Internet Connection
Digital Subscriber line.
• Uses the Ordinary Telephone line and is an always-on technology.
• A subscriber cannot be any more than 5.5 kilometers (2-3 miles) from
the DSL Exchange because it is highly dependent upon noise levels.
• Service can be Symmetric and Asymmetric.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Digital Subscriber line.
• HDSL : High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line Upload : 1.5 or 2 Mbps.
Download : 1.5 or 2 Mbps.
• ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Upload : 2 Mbps.
Download : 8 Mbps.
[ Symmetric circuits ]
V.1
Upload : 3.5 Mbps.
Download : 12 Mbps.
V.2
Upload : 3.5 Mbps.
Download : 24 Mbps.
V.2+
• VDSL : Very High bit-rate DSL Upload : 52 Mbps.
Download : 16 Mbps.
V.1
Upload : 100 Mbps.
Download : 100 Mbps.
V.2

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wired Internet Connection
Cable Internet  Uses cable modem to connect a computer to the
cable company network through the same coaxial
cabling that feeds cable TV (CATV) signals to a
television set.
 Characteristics:
• Downstream : 10 Mbps to 30 Mbps
• Upstream : 128 Kbps to 3 Mbps
• Maximum Distance from provider to
customer site : 30 miles
 Uses CMTS (Cable Modem Termination
System) at Head End.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wireless Internet Connection
 Access with 2.5G Mobile Technology
 Access with 3G Mobile Technology
The first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to connect the internet occurred
with the introduction of GPRS that provide data rates from 56 Kbps up to 115 Kbps.
 Access with 2.75G Mobile Technology
The GPRS networks evolved to EDGE networks that was deployed on GSM networks
beginning in 2003. It provides a potential three-fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS
networks (up to 230 Kbps).
• 3G CDMA (CDMA2000 1xEV-DO) , It provides speed up to 2.4 Mbps
• High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA) that improved downlink provides
speed up to 14 Mbps

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wireless Internet Connection
 Wi-Fi
A Wi-Fi is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications
standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).
 IEEE 802.11a -- Speed: 54 Mbps,
Range: 15 - 20 m.
 IEEE 802.11b -- Speed: 11 Mbps,
Range: 30 - 45 m.
 IEEE 802.11g -- Speed: 54 Mbps,
Range: 30 - 45 m.
The wireless access point (AP) is a device that allows to transfer data
wirelessly to a wired network.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Wireless Internet Connection
 Wi-Fi Hot spot.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 TCP/IP Protocol
Service: Reliable transfer of frames over a link
Media Access Control on a LAN
Functions: Framing, media access control
error checking.
Service: Move packets from source host to
destination host
Functions: Routing, addressing.
Service: Delivery of data between hosts
Functions: Connection establishment/termination,
error control, flow control.
Service: Application specific
- delivery of email
- retrieval of HTML documents
- reliable transfer of file
Functions: Application specific and user interface.
H
T
T
P
F
T
P
S
M
T
P
P
O
P
I
M
A
P
D
N
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A protocol is a formal description of message formats and
the rules for exchanging those messages.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing
Three different levels of addresses are used in an internet using the TCP/IP
protocols: physical (MAC) address, logical (IP) address, and port address.
Most local area networks use a 48-bit physical address written as
12 hexadecimal digits, with every 2 bytes separated by a colon.
MAC Address : 07:01:02:01:2C:4B
An Internet address (in IPv4) is 32 bits in length, normally written
as four decimal numbers, with each number representing 1 byte.
The numbers are separated by a dot.
IPAddress : 192.168.33.97
A port address is a 16-bit address represented by one decimal
number
Port NO. : 80

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
Source Destination
Segment
Datagram
Frame

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : Port Address
A port is an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving
as a communications endpoint, providing a multiplexing service. A specific service
is identified by its number, commonly known as the port number.
The port numbers are divided into three ranges:
• the well-known ports.  0 – 1,023
• the registered ports.  1,024 – 49,151
• the dynamic or private ports.  49,152 – 65,535

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : Port Address
Port Number Protocol Service Name Description
7 TCP/UDP Echo Echoes a received datagram back to the sender.
20,21 TCP FTP File Transfer Protocol (Data and Control)
25 TCP SMTP Simple mail Transfer Protocol
53 TCP/UDP DNS Domain Name Service
80 TCP HTTP World Wide Web
110 TCP POP3 Post Office Protocol - Version 3
123 UDP NTP Network Time Protocol used for time synchronization

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address
• Each host in the Internet is assigned to a specific and unique
number for identification.
• This number is called the IP address (Internet Protocol Address)
• This number is divided into 4 parts for improving the readability.
• The range of each number is between 0 and 255.
Internet Layer

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System
• IP address is difficult to remember.
• Names are given to each computer on the Internet for the convenience
of human users.
• The Domain Name System is that it serves as the "phone book" for the
Internet.
• We can use for identify the website and the type of site it is.
1 www.google.com
2 IP address :
216.239.39.99
3Create connection to
www.google.com
With 216.239.39.99

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System
DNS is also known as a distributed database that provides mapping between IP addresses
and Host names.
root
Generic Domains Country Domains
• Domain names must be registered to ensure uniqueness
• Requires static IP address
InterNIC thaiNIC

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the internet work ?
 Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW
and commonly known as the Web, is a system
of interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet.
What is World Wide Web ?
A Hypertext document creates connections
between related pieces of information via
hyperlink.
hypertext documents
The hypertext document also contains Hyperlinks
that lead you to related information.
• Clicking on a link takes you to where that information
is stored.
• You can jump quickly from one information source to
another related source.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
It began in 1990
• Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau pitched their ideas to the European
Conference on Hypertext Technology.
• For describe their ideas, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for
a working Web :
– the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
– the HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
– the Web browser
– the Web Server with HTTP server software
(later known as CERN httpd)
– The first Web pages
The evolution of the World Wide Web

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The Browser evolution.
• Mosaic takes the Internet, 1993
– A graphical WEB browser, WWW client which was released by Marc Andreesen
at NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) in the University of
Illinois in Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
• Netscape, 1994
– Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark
– 1996, 75% uses Netscape
– It was bought by America Online in 1999
(10 Billion in stock)
The evolution of the World Wide Web

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
As the Web Grew.
The evolution of the World Wide Web
 Search engines and Web directories were created to track pages on the Web
and allow people to find things.
– Lycos, was created (1993)
– WebCrawler is the first full-text Web search engine (1994)
– Yahoo! And Altavista (1995)
– Google (1995)
 In 1997
• there are 1,301,000 domains.
 In 2000
• there are 17,119,262 web servers.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The evolution of the World Wide Web
Now… Welcome to Web 2.0

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the Web work ?
Client + Web Browser Web Server
HTTP Request
HTTP Response
• The information is stored in the Web pages as HTML format.
• The web pages are stored in the computers called Web servers.
• The computer reading the pages is called clients with specific web browsers.
• Every page on the Web server has a special address that uniquely identifies it, the URL.
• The web server waits for the HTTP request message from the clients over the Internet.
• The web server retrieves the data and send them in HTML format to the client by using the
HTTP Response message.
• The web browser interprets HTML document and show the information on Client’s screen.
Web page

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the Web work ?
http://www.utcc.ac.th/ict/index.html
ict
www.utcc.ac.th
index.html
page1.html
page2.html
• A Web page has a unique address, which is called “URL”.
• It consists of a protocol, domain name, path and web page.
 Web Page and Uniform Resource Location (URL)

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the Web work ?
 HTML : HyperText Markup Language
• It is not a programming language.
• Use Tags to describe the general form and layout of documents to be displayed
by the browser.
<p align=“right”> </p>
Element
Attribute Name
Attribute Value
<html>
<head>
<title> UTCC </title>
</head>
<body> Hello My Web !! </body>
</html>
Tags

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
How dose the Web work ?
 HTTP Request message.
 HTTP Response message.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
 You can create your own Web pages using the Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
 Web pages can contain text, sound, graphics and video clips.
 A Web page is a single HTML document.
 A Web site is a number of pages linked together that are controlled
by a particular individual or organization.
 You can create a Web page in a variety of ways, for example using
– Notepad, a simple text editor, to enter your text, images, hyperlinks and
HTML tags.
– Web page creation programs or Web Authoring Tools which make creating
Web pages easier and do not require that you know HTML
– MS Word, by saving files as Web pages or by using the tools provided to
create Web pages
– Other ways of creating web sites are popular today: Content Management
Systems (CMS)
Creating a Web Page

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Creating a Web Page
 Static Web Page
Web
Browser
http request
Web Server
http response
 Dynamic Web Page
Web
Browser
http request
Web Server
http response
Server-Side Script
Interpreter
+ client-side Script
Database
File
: publish, request & response HTML files
: HTML plus Client Side Script(JavaScript, VBScript)
Server Side Script (ASP, PHP)

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The Types of Web sites
There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social
Network
Educational

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
The Types of Web sites
There are thirteen types of Web sites
Entertainment Advocacy Web Application
Content Aggregator Personal

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Web 2.0
Web 1.0
Online Communities
Phenomena
Dynamic Web Page
Tagging
Blogging
Wikis
Driven Technology.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Web 2.0
Dynamic Web Page
 Server-side Script
 Client-Side Script
 eXtensible Markup Language : XML
 Cascading Style Sheet : CSS
These Web development techniques can help you to speed up
response time and increase user satisfaction.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Web 2.0
Tagging
Folksonomy Taxonomy
A tag is a keyword that described a piece of
information. It allows users to place information
in multiple, overlapping associations rather than
in rigid categories

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Web 2.0
Blogging
A Blog or Weblog is a personal Web
site, open to public, in which the site
creator expresses his or her feelings
or opinions.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Web 2.0
Wikis
Wikis allow distributed teams to collaboratively write and edit documents through
the Internet in a shared online workspace, without the need for special HTML knowledge
or tools.
Author
Accreditation
Community

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Web 2.0
Really Simple Syndication : RSS
RSS is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently
updated works. RSS feeds can be read using software called an "RSS
reader", "feed reader", or "aggregator", which can be web-based,
desktop-based or mobile-device-based.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Categories of Web 2.0
 Social Network
Web sites allow users to upload their content to the web. It provides an easy
interaction way to communicate and collaborate with others on the web.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Categories of Web 2.0
 Aggregators
Web sites that gathers data from
multiple sources.

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .
Categories of Web 2.0
 Mashups
Web sites that takes content from a number of other Web and mixes them together
to create a new kind of content

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T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y .