The document provides information on the use of the internet in business. It discusses key uses such as research, buying/selling, advertising, communication and information gathering. Advantages include increased business opportunities, improved efficiency, access to information and connectivity. Potential disadvantages are also outlined, like bullying, addiction, identity theft and negative social impacts. The document also briefly describes email and how it works using various internet protocols.

1. BALMIKI LINCOLN UNIVERSITY
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By: Santosh Shrestha
SUBMITTEED TO
Mr. Pradip Khatiwada
Subject: Internet fundamentals & applications
Course: BBA
Co-ordinator: Mr. Kishore Basnet

2. Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION: - ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
The use of Internetin Business: - ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Some of the main uses of internet in business are:............................................................................................................ 3
Research Competition.................................................................................................................................................. 3
Buy and Sell................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Gauge Customer Interest............................................................................................................................................. 3
Advertising.................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Communication........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Information................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Advantages of Internet: -................................................................................................................................................. 5
Increased Business....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Improved Efficiency..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Information, knowledge, and learning .......................................................................................................................... 5
Connectivity, communication, and sharing.................................................................................................................... 6
Banking, bills, and shopping ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Disadvantages of the Internet: -....................................................................................................................................... 7
Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime: -............................................................................................................................. 7
Addiction, time waster, and causes distractions ............................................................................................................ 7
Never being able to disconnect .................................................................................................................................... 7
Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating................................................................................................................. 7
Affectsfocus and patience ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Depression, loneliness, and social isolation................................................................................................................... 8
Buying things not needed............................................................................................................................................. 8
E-Mail:............................................................................................................................................................................... 9

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INTRODUCTION: -
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks
that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local
to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services,
such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web
(WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.
The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the federal
government of the United States in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant
communication with computer networks. The primary precursor network, the
ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic
and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of the National Science Foundation
Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other
commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new
networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The linking of
commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the
transition to the modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as
generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the
network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s, the
commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every
aspect of modern life.
Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper
mail and newspapers are reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving
birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online
music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other
print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging,
web feeds and online news aggregators. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new
forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social
networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and
small businesses and entrepreneurs, as it enables firms to extend their "brick and
mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely
online. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains
across entire industries.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or
policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. Only the
overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet
Protocol address (IP address) space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are

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directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core
protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit
organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate
with by contributing technical expertise.
Early international collaborations on the ARPANET were rare. European developers
were concerned with developing the X.25 networks. Notable exceptions were the
Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) in June 1973, followed in 1973 by Sweden
with satellite links to the Tanum Earth Station and Peter T. Kirstein's research group
in the United Kingdom, initially at the Institute of Computer Science, University of
London and later at University College London. In December 1974, RFC 675
(Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program), by Vinton Cerf, Yogen
Dalal, and Carl Sunshine, used the term internet as a shorthand for internetworking
and later RFCs repeated this use. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981
when the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer Science Network
(CSNET). In 1982, the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, which
permitted worldwide proliferation of interconnected networks.
The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information
and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking. During the late
1990s, it was estimated that traffic on the public Internet grew by 100 percent per
year, while the mean annual growth in the number of Internet users was thought to be
between 20% and 50%. This growth is often attributed to the lack of central
administration, which allows organic growth of the network, as well as the non-
proprietary nature of the Internet protocols, which encourages vendor interoperability
and prevents any one company from exerting too much control over the network. As
of 31 March 2011, the estimated total number of Internet users was 2.095 billion
(30.2% of world population). It is estimated that in 1993 the Internet carried only 1%
of the information flowing through two-way telecommunication, by 2000 this figure
had grown to 51%, and by 2007 more than 97% of all telecommunicated information
was carried over the Interne.

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The use of Internet in Business: -
The internet has become a vital tool for the success of businesses. It is very difficult to
imagine how any business could operate during this time without the use of the
internet. The development of the internet has significantly altered the day to day
operations of a business; including how they communicate with each other and their
audience. Information can be easily transmitted to any destination in a matter of
seconds.
The internet has become an essential tool for marketing and advertising. A business
can present itself to customers with the use of a website or online advertisements.
Many businesses now use the internet as a means of making customers aware of their
current promotions. This can be very beneficial to businesses that are targeting a
younger audience.
Some of the main uses of internet in business are:
Research Competition
Some businesses use the Internet to research competitors. For instance, Hoovers.com
allows searches for detailed information on businesses across the country. An Internet
search on a competing company results in articles and news stories about the
competition that may help a business owner prepare for changes in the industry.
Buy and Sell
One of the basic uses of the Internet for businesses is to sell products and services.
Businesses create E-commerce websites to sell anything from cell phone contracts to
books and CDs. Online selling eliminates the need for the business to maintain a
brick-and-mortar store and in some cases they don't have to hold an inventory. A
business can also use the Internet to buy items and services online, such as bulk-
buying office supplies or printed materials.
Gauge Customer Interest
Business owners use the Internet to monitor customer purchasing trends and interests.
To discover what everyday people think about a particular product or service, business
owners can visit online social networking sites and message boards. Taking in this
feedback helps business owners make their products better. For example, car
accessory businesses can visit car forums to find out what car enthusiasts want. A
business owner can also use the Internet to connect and communicate with his
customers through these same websites.

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Advertising
Businesses also use the Internet to find new customers through online advertising.
Offering text and banner ads on websites as well as informational pieces, the Internet
allows advertisers to reach potential customers quickly and efficiently. Pay-per click
advertisements are distributed on Internet search engines and websites, allowing
business owners to reach potential customers using search terms related to their
business. As the business pays only for each ad click, costs are lower. The
affordability and reach of some Internet advertising puts even the smallest business
owner in a position to compete with larger businesses.
Communication
Communication and interaction with customers is vital to any business. The internet
has ensured that this can be easily achieved. Businesses are able to communicate and
interact with customers via email or instant messaging. Internet telephony such as
Skype is now a popular method of communication and is used frequently by
businesses in order to conduct virtual meetings with both customers and other
businesses. The use of the internet also makes it easier for businesses to deliver
messages to people working within the organisation.
Information
The internet has simplified the way in which businesses collects and records
information. They are able to conduct effective research by searching on the web or
by using online databases. An electronic record can then made of the information
gathered. Important information such as the state of the stock exchange can also be
obtained.
In addition, businesses that have an international presence are able to use the
internet to conduct operations and communicate with people in offices that are based
in different locations around the world. Transactions and payments can now also be
made online which has simplified and sped up the payment process
 http://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-businesses-using-internet-
322.html
Or
 https://www.cns-it.co.uk/importance-internet-businesses/

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Advantages of Internet: -
Increased Business
Diversifying your brick-and-mortar store by offering existing and exclusive products
online is an excellent way to increase the market for your business without a
significant increase in overhead costs. Even local coffee shops and dry cleaning
operations can create inexpensive online advertisements to target local audiences.
These advertisements can announce special events your company is sponsoring,
contests and special sales or discounts.
To further your efforts at marketing an existing business to other local
consumers, consider forming a partnership with other local stores to cross-promote
products across multiple social media pages. For example, a coffee shop may find a
local bookstore a natural fit for sharing goodwill while a restaurant could partner with
a concert venue or other local entertainment options.
Improved Efficiency
Various software firms provide an assortment of ready-made applications to help you
run day-to-day operations in your business. These cloud-based services help with
finance management, including income tax filings, inventory control and human
resources, allowing you to lower costs while also reducing the time and labor force
needed to run the business.
Hiring a virtual assistant or securing the services of a virtual customer service
management firm can streamline support requests for your company. Providing online
product documentation and frequently asked questions, for example, enables your
customers to get support 24 hours a day without engaging a representative at your
physical location.
Information, knowledge, and learning
As mentioned earlier, the Internet contains an endless supply of knowledge and
information that allows you to learn about almost any topic or question you may have.
Using a search engine like Google, you can ask virtually any question and find a web
page with an answer to that question. There are also millions of videos on sites like
YouTube that help explain various topics and even online courses that can be taken to
help teach you about many different subjects.

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Connectivity, communication, and sharing
In the past, it would take days and sometimes even months to receive a letter from
someone else. Today, with the Internet, you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world
and often have it delivered in less than a minute. Other forms of communication, such
as chat and VOIP, also allow you to have instant communication with anyone in the
world.
Online forums are also places where people who share common interests can connect
with each other and talk about what they enjoy or ask other experts in the field
questions.
Banking, bills, and shopping
The Internet gives you access to your bank account to view your balance, make
transactions, and send money. Also, many services enable you to view and pay your
bills electronically.
Online shopping is another huge advantage of the Internet, giving anyone with
Internet access the ability to find products that interest them and buy them without
having to visit a store. The Internet gives everyone easy access to compare prices
between companies and even see what others think about a product through online
reviews to help make better purchasing decisions.
 http://www.klientsolutech.com/top-25-powerful-advantages-of-
internet-for-business

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Disadvantages of the Internet: -
Although the Internet is one of man's greatest creations, it also has many
disadvantages. Below is a list of many of the disadvantages of the Internet.
Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime: -
Anyone who has spent time on the Internet has encountered trolls or abusive people.
With the highly-social nature of the modern Internet, the instances of cyber bullying
are sadly not uncommon.
With people sharing information on the Internet, it's also easier for stalkers to find
personal information about someone or use online services to help them find
information about someone. Hidden places on the Internet and the deep web can also
be a place for criminals to conduct business without as much fear of being caught. A
global audience also gives criminals more ways to solicit their goods.
Addiction,time waster, and causes distractions
The Internet and games played on the Internet can become very addictive and are
often designed to be addictive. With how addictive games can be and how much
entertainment is on the Internet, it is easy to spend a lot of time on the Internet without
doing anything productive. It is also very easy to be doing something productive and
then be distracted by something else that ends up consuming all of your time.
Never being able to disconnect
Log off the Internet is perfect for giving everyone the ability to work from anywhere.
However, that also means that it may be expected that you are available to work, even
if you are not supposed to be working.
For example, you may be at home and get a notification that an important work-
related e-mail has been received and end up working on that e-mail without getting
paid.
Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating
With access to billions of computers, it makes it easier for computer hackers and
malicious users to hack accounts and steal personal information that could be used for
identity theft. The Internet also connects all computers to each other, which makes it
easier for hackers to scan millions of computers and quickly identify what computers
are vulnerable to attack.

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The Internet also makes it much easier for students to cheat on their studies or find
others on the Internet to write reports for them or do their homework.
Affects focus and patience
The sites we use on the Internet every day have an "instant gratification" effect. They
also present an infinite menu of things to think about and experience at any moment,
on demand. Getting information this way rewards fast-paced thinking that shifts focus
quickly, which affects your interactions in general, making you more impatient and
less focused in your activities. Try to balance this natural effect with time away from
social media and focused on creative, responsible activities like exercise or cleaning.
Depression, loneliness, and social isolation
Social networking sites can also lead to depression with many people when all you see
is the best of all your friend's lives you may start to wonder why your life is not as
good as theirs.
The Internet and online games make it easier to communicate with others, and
although you may find new connections around the world, it's easy to disconnect from
those in your real life.
Buying things not needed
The Internet makes it easy to buy things, causing you to buy things without putting
much thought into if you need what you are buying. Also, for some people, buying
items on the Internet can become so addictive that it can cause serious debt.
 https://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/the-disadvantages-of-
internet-media-essay.php
Or
 https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001810.htm

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E-Mail:
Email, short for "electronic mail," is one of the most widely used features of the
Internet, along with the web. It allows you to send and receive messages to and from
anyone with an email address, anywhere in the world.
Email uses multiple protocols within the TCP/IP suite. For example, SMTP is used to
send messages, while the POP or IMAP protocols are used to retrieve messages from
a mail server. When you configure an email account, you must define your email
address, password, and the mail servers used to send and receive messages.
Fortunately, most webmail services configure your account automatically, so you only
need to enter your email address and password. However, if you use an email client
like Microsoft Outlook or Apple Mail, you may need to manually configure each
account. Besides the email address and password, you may also have to enter the
incoming and outgoing mail servers and enter the correct port numbers for each one.
The original email standard only supported plain text messages. Eventually, email
evolved to support rich text with custom formatting. Today, email supports HTML,
which allows emails to be formatted the same way as websites. HTML email
messages can include images, links, and CSS layouts. You can also send files or
"email attachments" along with messages. Most mail servers allow you to send
multiple attachments with each message, but they limit the total size. In the early days
of email, attachments were typically limited to one megabyte, but now many mail
servers support email attachments that are 20 megabytes in size or more.
NOTE: Email was originally written "e-mail," but is now more commonly written as
"email" without the dash.
Uses
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Business and organizational use
Email has been widely accepted by business, governments and non-governmental
organizations in the developed world, and it is one of the key parts of an 'e-revolution'
in workplace communication (with the other key plank being widespread adoption of
highspeed Internet). A sponsored 2010 study on workplace communication found

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83% of U.S. knowledge workers felt email was critical to their success and
productivity at work.
It has some key benefits to business and other organizations, including:
Helping with synchronisation
With real time communication by meetings or phone calls, participants must work on
the same schedule, and each participant must spend the same amount of time in the
meeting or call. Email allows asynchrony: each participant may control their schedule
independently.
Reducing cost
Sending an email is much less expensive than sending postal mail, or long distance
telephone calls, telex or telegrams.
Increasing speed
Much faster than most of the alternatives.
Creating a "written" record
Unlike a telephone or in-person conversation, email by its nature creates a detailed
written record of the communication, the identity of the sender(s) and recipient(s) and
the date and time the message was sent. In the event of a contract or legal dispute,
saved emails can be used to prove that an individual was advised of certain issues, as
each email has the date and time recorded on it.
Email marketing
Email marketing via "opt-in" is often successfully used to send special sales offerings
and new product information. Depending on the recipient's culture, email sent without
permission—such as an "opt-in"—is likely to be viewed as unwelcome "email spam".
Personal use

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 https://techterms.com/definition/email
References:
1. https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001810.htm
2. http://www.klientsolutech.com/top-25-powerful-advantages-of-internet-for-
business/
3. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-businesses-using-internet-322.html
Or
https://www.cns-it.co.uk/importance-internet-businesses/
4. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/the-disadvantages-of-internet-media-
essay.php
5. https://techterms.com/definition/email