This document outlines a model for 21st century innovation intermediaries that aim to accelerate innovation and drive regional economic growth. It discusses how traditional technology-based economic development models are outdated and must shift focus to innovation. The proposed model centers on connecting regional talent, technologies, and resources to collaborate on innovation. It also discusses functions of innovation intermediaries in convening regions and accelerating technologies to market. The best practice of Innovation Philadelphia is provided as an example that established programs to connect the regional innovation economy and fill gaps.
This document discusses regional innovation clusters and argues that the federal government should support them through a $100 million funding initiative. Key points:
- Regional innovation clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected businesses, universities, and organizations that drive economic growth and job creation through collaboration and shared resources.
- While some U.S. clusters like Silicon Valley have thrived, most could benefit from more support to help commercialize research and address challenges like financing and developing talent.
- Other countries invest heavily in national cluster programs, but the U.S. lacks a comprehensive initiative, leading programs to fall short of their potential.
- A new $100 million federal cluster program could help coordinate existing resources and multiply their impact
The document argues that the United States needs a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) to address challenges facing the US manufacturing sector and strengthen competitiveness. It outlines that leading nations have large-scale manufacturing innovation centers that accelerate technology deployment and support education/training. The proposed NNMI would fill the void by establishing institutes focused on industry-defined innovation challenges. The document discusses principles for the NNMI, including focusing on significant process innovations, supporting the full innovation process, requiring collaboration among partners, and relying on private-public co-investment.
1) The Enterprise Development Inc. (EDI) business incubator at Case Western Reserve University aims to support new research and technology-based firms (RTBFs) and promote commercialization of university technology.
2) EDI provides below-market rental space and management support to tenant firms, resulting in moderate sales and employment growth for most tenants.
3) EDI receives funding from the state and university, and offers limited student jobs and faculty consulting. Its presence has enhanced the university's prestige and image.
Korea's National Innovation System_ Andre Roland CharlesAndre Charles
South Korea's rapid economic growth from an impoverished agrarian economy to the world's 12th largest economy was underpinned by the government's strategic policy focus on building science and technology capacity. The government played a vital role in stimulating technical progress and economic expansion through Korea's national innovation system (NIS). The NIS framework views the main elements as universities, firms, and government, and their dynamic interactions that facilitate innovation and economic growth. Korea identified its strengths in human resources but weaknesses in technology and resources, and pursued a path of government-led science and technology development to transform the country from a technology immitator to a leading innovative economy.
Creative industries and innovation the case of new media firms in cape towniBoP Asia
This document examines innovation in new media firms located in Cape Town, South Africa. It finds that the new media sector in Cape Town is small but emerging. While new media firms demonstrate technological innovation, their innovation activities tend to be incremental and localized. Various barriers limit their ability to enhance innovation and growth. The document provides policy implications for supporting innovation in creative industries in developing countries and recommendations for developing Cape Town's new media sector.
The Mexico City Roundtable on OECD’s Innovation StrategyMexico Innova
The document summarizes key points from the OECD's Innovation Strategy 2nd Forum on Innovation for Competitiveness. It discusses how the nature of innovation has changed to include more collaboration, social applications, and global networks. It also notes implications for policy, including empowering innovation through education, infrastructure, networking and governance that facilitates local and global knowledge flows. Concluding remarks emphasize relevance for Mexico in governance, globalization, entrepreneurship and education.
Discourse on the development, management and coordination of a combination of complex global and local factors work together to ensure a fast growing yet sustainable high technology sector, while moving the Malaysian industry up the outsourcing value chain.
Market makers, industry players and outsourcing professionals will obtain useful insights into long-term strategic technology and economic planning as well as tactical measures used for growth, competitiveness and innovation.
Key stakeholders can take advantage of this knowledge and create a win-win situation
21st century skills_education_and_competitiveness_guideEko Sudibyo
The document discusses the need for education reform to prepare students with 21st century skills for economic competitiveness. It notes that:
1) The economy has shifted from manufacturing to a service-based, information and knowledge driven model requiring more educated and skilled workers.
2) Jobs are increasingly in high-skilled service sectors and require problem-solving, communication, and technical skills beyond a high school education.
3) For countries and regions to be economically competitive, they must have workforces with the creativity, innovation and adaptability to drive high-growth industries.
Reforming education is critical to closing achievement gaps and ensuring students gain the skills needed to thrive in today's economy and workplaces.
This document discusses regional innovation clusters and argues that the federal government should support them through a $100 million funding initiative. Key points:
- Regional innovation clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected businesses, universities, and organizations that drive economic growth and job creation through collaboration and shared resources.
- While some U.S. clusters like Silicon Valley have thrived, most could benefit from more support to help commercialize research and address challenges like financing and developing talent.
- Other countries invest heavily in national cluster programs, but the U.S. lacks a comprehensive initiative, leading programs to fall short of their potential.
- A new $100 million federal cluster program could help coordinate existing resources and multiply their impact
The document argues that the United States needs a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) to address challenges facing the US manufacturing sector and strengthen competitiveness. It outlines that leading nations have large-scale manufacturing innovation centers that accelerate technology deployment and support education/training. The proposed NNMI would fill the void by establishing institutes focused on industry-defined innovation challenges. The document discusses principles for the NNMI, including focusing on significant process innovations, supporting the full innovation process, requiring collaboration among partners, and relying on private-public co-investment.
1) The Enterprise Development Inc. (EDI) business incubator at Case Western Reserve University aims to support new research and technology-based firms (RTBFs) and promote commercialization of university technology.
2) EDI provides below-market rental space and management support to tenant firms, resulting in moderate sales and employment growth for most tenants.
3) EDI receives funding from the state and university, and offers limited student jobs and faculty consulting. Its presence has enhanced the university's prestige and image.
Korea's National Innovation System_ Andre Roland CharlesAndre Charles
South Korea's rapid economic growth from an impoverished agrarian economy to the world's 12th largest economy was underpinned by the government's strategic policy focus on building science and technology capacity. The government played a vital role in stimulating technical progress and economic expansion through Korea's national innovation system (NIS). The NIS framework views the main elements as universities, firms, and government, and their dynamic interactions that facilitate innovation and economic growth. Korea identified its strengths in human resources but weaknesses in technology and resources, and pursued a path of government-led science and technology development to transform the country from a technology immitator to a leading innovative economy.
Creative industries and innovation the case of new media firms in cape towniBoP Asia
This document examines innovation in new media firms located in Cape Town, South Africa. It finds that the new media sector in Cape Town is small but emerging. While new media firms demonstrate technological innovation, their innovation activities tend to be incremental and localized. Various barriers limit their ability to enhance innovation and growth. The document provides policy implications for supporting innovation in creative industries in developing countries and recommendations for developing Cape Town's new media sector.
The Mexico City Roundtable on OECD’s Innovation StrategyMexico Innova
The document summarizes key points from the OECD's Innovation Strategy 2nd Forum on Innovation for Competitiveness. It discusses how the nature of innovation has changed to include more collaboration, social applications, and global networks. It also notes implications for policy, including empowering innovation through education, infrastructure, networking and governance that facilitates local and global knowledge flows. Concluding remarks emphasize relevance for Mexico in governance, globalization, entrepreneurship and education.
Discourse on the development, management and coordination of a combination of complex global and local factors work together to ensure a fast growing yet sustainable high technology sector, while moving the Malaysian industry up the outsourcing value chain.
Market makers, industry players and outsourcing professionals will obtain useful insights into long-term strategic technology and economic planning as well as tactical measures used for growth, competitiveness and innovation.
Key stakeholders can take advantage of this knowledge and create a win-win situation
21st century skills_education_and_competitiveness_guideEko Sudibyo
The document discusses the need for education reform to prepare students with 21st century skills for economic competitiveness. It notes that:
1) The economy has shifted from manufacturing to a service-based, information and knowledge driven model requiring more educated and skilled workers.
2) Jobs are increasingly in high-skilled service sectors and require problem-solving, communication, and technical skills beyond a high school education.
3) For countries and regions to be economically competitive, they must have workforces with the creativity, innovation and adaptability to drive high-growth industries.
Reforming education is critical to closing achievement gaps and ensuring students gain the skills needed to thrive in today's economy and workplaces.
This report report from Brookings, with Rockefeller Foundation support, shows that building up a region’s advanced industries is one such possibility with enormous potential. These industries not only create good jobs within the industry, but also up and down their massive supply chains. These jobs provide higher wages and greater opportunity to low and middle-income workers adversely affected by the economic recession.
This document summarizes the key points from a presentation by Dipak K. Roy at the ECCSSA Conference 2013. It discusses several challenges facing the global economy, including the rise of China, economic instability, resource depletion, and demographic shifts. It also examines issues in the US economy like slowing productivity and job growth concentrated in less productive service sectors. The document advocates for reforms in higher education, including addressing deficiencies in standards and curriculum, improving accountability, and making the introductory curriculum more quantitative. It highlights the importance of leadership focused on principles rather than politics to drive meaningful and lasting change.
26 Feb, 2:00 pm – 3:00 pm GMT
ZOOM online
LECTURE-8: APPLICATION OF NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION
by
Dr. Kenneth Fung, UOW Malaysia KDU
&
Dr. Gifty Boakye Appiah, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
CHAIR:
Professor Mammo Muchie, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
National Innovation Systems & InstitutionsEbru Basak
This document discusses national innovation systems (NIS) from an institutional perspective. It outlines the development of the concept of NIS and defines it as a network of institutions involved in technology development and diffusion within national borders. A systemic approach views innovation as an interactive and cumulative process involving industry, universities, government and other actors. Institutions play key roles in NIS by providing information, managing conflicts, incentivizing innovation, and channeling resources. The functions and components of NIS vary across countries due to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
This document provides an annual innovation report for New York State. It includes 21 indicators across 6 categories to assess New York's innovation economy. The indicators show that New York ranks in the top third of competitor states for many measures, including venture capital activity, patents awarded, and education levels, though it lags in areas like R&D spending and high-tech employment. The report aims to track New York's progress in building a strong innovation ecosystem through partnerships between industry, universities, and entrepreneurs.
National Innovation Systems is the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies.
This document summarizes a study from the Brookings Institution on how to foster an innovation-based economy. The study recommends that policymakers: 1) Create conditions to promote private sector innovation and entrepreneurship; 2) Leverage digital technologies to improve government services; and 3) Invest in infrastructure, education, and metrics to measure economic progress. Specifically, it suggests improving access to capital for startups, harmonizing laws to facilitate communication, and increasing partnerships between universities and businesses. While focused on the US, the study presents policies that could apply elsewhere, such as developing skilled workforces and reducing barriers to disseminating knowledge. The document analyzes competitiveness indices to show that Japan and Finland have implemented some of these policies successfully through
The National Innovation System (also NIS, National System of Innovation) is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level.
In this study we tried to focus on the National Innovation System of Thailand and the role of Industries there on contrast of countries like South Korea, Japan, USA, Germany, Singapore.
The document discusses Indonesia's national and sub-national innovation systems, policies, and programs. It provides an overview of key topics such as:
- The national innovation system perspective and triple helix model of university-industry-government relations.
- Indonesia's economic context and science and technology priorities to enhance competitiveness.
- The need to reform innovation policies by strengthening institutions, fostering collaboration, developing innovative culture, and responding to globalization.
- Challenges in developing regional innovation systems due to weak linkages between actors and a lack of local institutional capacity.
Higher Education Incentives for Economic DevelopmentRyan MacNeil
This document discusses higher education incentives and their impact on economic development and migration in Atlantic Canada. It finds that while government interventions have encouraged higher education participation through policies like student loans, this has unintentionally encouraged graduates to migrate out of Atlantic Canada's poorest provinces in search of higher wages to repay their student debt. Tuition increases have led to rising debt levels, and graduates are forced to leave provinces with less opportunities. Directly reducing tuition may encourage participation without encouraging out-migration.
The document discusses knowledge innovation zones (KIZ) and provides examples of KIZ initiatives around the world. It summarizes findings related to KIZs and the knowledge-based economy, society, and infrastructure. It also outlines a seven-step blueprint for developing KIZ performance, including establishing purpose, principles, innovation processes, performance metrics, policies, practices, and mechanisms for shared prosperity.
This document discusses how population aging and increased longevity can create new markets and drive economic growth in the 21st century. It notes that major global companies have recognized aging as a strategic driver of commercial goals and a way to attract talent. While talk of "crisis" is common, many see aging as a powerful market opportunity if the right strategic framework is put in place. Both private sector innovation and supportive public policies will be needed to fully capture the opportunities of aging populations and create environments where people can enjoy long and active lives.
The document discusses cultural sector mapping and using data for policymaking. It outlines how various countries collect statistics on their creative industries to measure their economic contribution. Creative industry mapping involves defining the sectors, collecting data on metrics like employment, businesses and exports to understand the industries' current value and growth potential. This evidence helps advocate for policies and funding to support the sectors. While statistics have limitations, regular mapping studies can track industry development and the impact of interventions over time.
Olga M. & Manuel G. | K.J. Joseph
LECTURE 6: THE INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT OF NSI by Dr. Olga Mikheeva, UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UK & Dr. Manuel Gonzalo, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Brazil. CHAIR: Professor Joseph K.J., Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation (GIFT), India
The document discusses 12 emerging technologies that have the potential for widespread economic disruption by 2025. These technologies were selected based on their rate of advancement, potential scope of impact, value that could be affected, and disruptive potential. The technologies include mobile internet, automation of knowledge work, internet of things, cloud technology, advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles, next-generation genomics, energy storage, 3D printing, advanced materials, advanced oil/gas exploration, and renewable energy. Metrics are provided showing how each technology meets the criteria in terms of things like costs reductions, growth rates, potential users/industries affected, and value of associated markets.
This document provides an overview of a session on innovation systems. It includes an agenda, mini-test, and discussions of national and regional innovation systems. For national innovation systems, it discusses concepts, the rise of research and development, and factors influencing innovation. For regional innovation systems, it uses Silicon Valley as a case study, examining its characteristics and key success factors. It also discusses an innovation cluster for Galileo and satellite navigation, including the role of key actors and status in the Netherlands.
This document summarizes a report on the future of manufacturing. It finds that manufacturing relies on three pillars: factors of production, standards, and costs. Emerging technologies are transforming manufacturing through new waves of innovation. While offshoring and outsourcing have reshaped manufacturing, new trends toward nearshoring and reshoring are emerging as capabilities develop and input costs change. The report examines these trends and challenges in shifting the global economy.
Hezron M. | Franco Malerba
19 Feb, 2:00 pm – 3:00 pm GMT
ZOOM online
LECTURE-7 DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION
by
Dr. Hezron Makundi, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
CHAIR:
Professor Franco Malerba, University of Bocconi, Milan
This document analyzes industry clusters in Loudoun County through a review of employment data and location quotients. It identifies the county's strongest clusters as Aviation, Cargo, and Logistics and Information and Communications Technologies. The Life Science cluster is also growing. Other notable clusters and overlays discussed include Federal and Government Contractors and international business presence. The document provides an overview of cluster analysis methodology and summaries of the key clusters in Loudoun County.
Richard Bendis discusses building Arkansas' innovation economy through developing innovation infrastructure at the state and regional level. He provides examples of success stories and argues that innovation is essential for economic growth and competitiveness. Bendis emphasizes the important roles of government, academia, and industry in fostering innovation and outlines goals and best practices for innovation-based economic development.
This document summarizes a presentation on transatlantic cooperation for innovation given by Richard Bendis. The presentation discusses how leading nations are responding to the global innovation imperative through high-level focus on innovation, sustained R&D support, support for SMEs, and new innovation partnerships. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the US and Europe to leverage their combined strengths in areas like education, research, and open markets. The presentation outlines how intermediaries can help connect players in regional innovation ecosystems and overcome challenges like funding gaps through programs and investment.
This report report from Brookings, with Rockefeller Foundation support, shows that building up a region’s advanced industries is one such possibility with enormous potential. These industries not only create good jobs within the industry, but also up and down their massive supply chains. These jobs provide higher wages and greater opportunity to low and middle-income workers adversely affected by the economic recession.
This document summarizes the key points from a presentation by Dipak K. Roy at the ECCSSA Conference 2013. It discusses several challenges facing the global economy, including the rise of China, economic instability, resource depletion, and demographic shifts. It also examines issues in the US economy like slowing productivity and job growth concentrated in less productive service sectors. The document advocates for reforms in higher education, including addressing deficiencies in standards and curriculum, improving accountability, and making the introductory curriculum more quantitative. It highlights the importance of leadership focused on principles rather than politics to drive meaningful and lasting change.
26 Feb, 2:00 pm – 3:00 pm GMT
ZOOM online
LECTURE-8: APPLICATION OF NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION
by
Dr. Kenneth Fung, UOW Malaysia KDU
&
Dr. Gifty Boakye Appiah, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
CHAIR:
Professor Mammo Muchie, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
National Innovation Systems & InstitutionsEbru Basak
This document discusses national innovation systems (NIS) from an institutional perspective. It outlines the development of the concept of NIS and defines it as a network of institutions involved in technology development and diffusion within national borders. A systemic approach views innovation as an interactive and cumulative process involving industry, universities, government and other actors. Institutions play key roles in NIS by providing information, managing conflicts, incentivizing innovation, and channeling resources. The functions and components of NIS vary across countries due to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
This document provides an annual innovation report for New York State. It includes 21 indicators across 6 categories to assess New York's innovation economy. The indicators show that New York ranks in the top third of competitor states for many measures, including venture capital activity, patents awarded, and education levels, though it lags in areas like R&D spending and high-tech employment. The report aims to track New York's progress in building a strong innovation ecosystem through partnerships between industry, universities, and entrepreneurs.
National Innovation Systems is the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies.
This document summarizes a study from the Brookings Institution on how to foster an innovation-based economy. The study recommends that policymakers: 1) Create conditions to promote private sector innovation and entrepreneurship; 2) Leverage digital technologies to improve government services; and 3) Invest in infrastructure, education, and metrics to measure economic progress. Specifically, it suggests improving access to capital for startups, harmonizing laws to facilitate communication, and increasing partnerships between universities and businesses. While focused on the US, the study presents policies that could apply elsewhere, such as developing skilled workforces and reducing barriers to disseminating knowledge. The document analyzes competitiveness indices to show that Japan and Finland have implemented some of these policies successfully through
The National Innovation System (also NIS, National System of Innovation) is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level.
In this study we tried to focus on the National Innovation System of Thailand and the role of Industries there on contrast of countries like South Korea, Japan, USA, Germany, Singapore.
The document discusses Indonesia's national and sub-national innovation systems, policies, and programs. It provides an overview of key topics such as:
- The national innovation system perspective and triple helix model of university-industry-government relations.
- Indonesia's economic context and science and technology priorities to enhance competitiveness.
- The need to reform innovation policies by strengthening institutions, fostering collaboration, developing innovative culture, and responding to globalization.
- Challenges in developing regional innovation systems due to weak linkages between actors and a lack of local institutional capacity.
Higher Education Incentives for Economic DevelopmentRyan MacNeil
This document discusses higher education incentives and their impact on economic development and migration in Atlantic Canada. It finds that while government interventions have encouraged higher education participation through policies like student loans, this has unintentionally encouraged graduates to migrate out of Atlantic Canada's poorest provinces in search of higher wages to repay their student debt. Tuition increases have led to rising debt levels, and graduates are forced to leave provinces with less opportunities. Directly reducing tuition may encourage participation without encouraging out-migration.
The document discusses knowledge innovation zones (KIZ) and provides examples of KIZ initiatives around the world. It summarizes findings related to KIZs and the knowledge-based economy, society, and infrastructure. It also outlines a seven-step blueprint for developing KIZ performance, including establishing purpose, principles, innovation processes, performance metrics, policies, practices, and mechanisms for shared prosperity.
This document discusses how population aging and increased longevity can create new markets and drive economic growth in the 21st century. It notes that major global companies have recognized aging as a strategic driver of commercial goals and a way to attract talent. While talk of "crisis" is common, many see aging as a powerful market opportunity if the right strategic framework is put in place. Both private sector innovation and supportive public policies will be needed to fully capture the opportunities of aging populations and create environments where people can enjoy long and active lives.
The document discusses cultural sector mapping and using data for policymaking. It outlines how various countries collect statistics on their creative industries to measure their economic contribution. Creative industry mapping involves defining the sectors, collecting data on metrics like employment, businesses and exports to understand the industries' current value and growth potential. This evidence helps advocate for policies and funding to support the sectors. While statistics have limitations, regular mapping studies can track industry development and the impact of interventions over time.
Olga M. & Manuel G. | K.J. Joseph
LECTURE 6: THE INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT OF NSI by Dr. Olga Mikheeva, UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UK & Dr. Manuel Gonzalo, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Brazil. CHAIR: Professor Joseph K.J., Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation (GIFT), India
The document discusses 12 emerging technologies that have the potential for widespread economic disruption by 2025. These technologies were selected based on their rate of advancement, potential scope of impact, value that could be affected, and disruptive potential. The technologies include mobile internet, automation of knowledge work, internet of things, cloud technology, advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles, next-generation genomics, energy storage, 3D printing, advanced materials, advanced oil/gas exploration, and renewable energy. Metrics are provided showing how each technology meets the criteria in terms of things like costs reductions, growth rates, potential users/industries affected, and value of associated markets.
This document provides an overview of a session on innovation systems. It includes an agenda, mini-test, and discussions of national and regional innovation systems. For national innovation systems, it discusses concepts, the rise of research and development, and factors influencing innovation. For regional innovation systems, it uses Silicon Valley as a case study, examining its characteristics and key success factors. It also discusses an innovation cluster for Galileo and satellite navigation, including the role of key actors and status in the Netherlands.
This document summarizes a report on the future of manufacturing. It finds that manufacturing relies on three pillars: factors of production, standards, and costs. Emerging technologies are transforming manufacturing through new waves of innovation. While offshoring and outsourcing have reshaped manufacturing, new trends toward nearshoring and reshoring are emerging as capabilities develop and input costs change. The report examines these trends and challenges in shifting the global economy.
Hezron M. | Franco Malerba
19 Feb, 2:00 pm – 3:00 pm GMT
ZOOM online
LECTURE-7 DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION
by
Dr. Hezron Makundi, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
CHAIR:
Professor Franco Malerba, University of Bocconi, Milan
This document analyzes industry clusters in Loudoun County through a review of employment data and location quotients. It identifies the county's strongest clusters as Aviation, Cargo, and Logistics and Information and Communications Technologies. The Life Science cluster is also growing. Other notable clusters and overlays discussed include Federal and Government Contractors and international business presence. The document provides an overview of cluster analysis methodology and summaries of the key clusters in Loudoun County.
Richard Bendis discusses building Arkansas' innovation economy through developing innovation infrastructure at the state and regional level. He provides examples of success stories and argues that innovation is essential for economic growth and competitiveness. Bendis emphasizes the important roles of government, academia, and industry in fostering innovation and outlines goals and best practices for innovation-based economic development.
This document summarizes a presentation on transatlantic cooperation for innovation given by Richard Bendis. The presentation discusses how leading nations are responding to the global innovation imperative through high-level focus on innovation, sustained R&D support, support for SMEs, and new innovation partnerships. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the US and Europe to leverage their combined strengths in areas like education, research, and open markets. The presentation outlines how intermediaries can help connect players in regional innovation ecosystems and overcome challenges like funding gaps through programs and investment.
This document discusses the role of intermediaries in international trade. It notes that research has shown that only a fraction of firms directly export to foreign markets, while most use intermediary firms. Intermediaries act as a conduit between suppliers and consumers, taking on costs associated with relabeling, packaging, and distribution abroad. The share of exports handled by intermediaries is typically larger in countries that have smaller markets, higher trade costs, or higher costs of directly exporting. Intermediaries allow less productive firms to access export markets. They also tend to focus on individual countries rather than products.
Paris Texas Presentation Richard SelineAccelerateH2O
This document proposes strategies for sustainable manufacturing and innovation-oriented growth leveraging water resources and location. It discusses how water can provide competitive advantages and how a focus on location remains important in innovation strategies. The document advocates developing manufacturing, food production, and delivery models that are more sustainable and make better use of water resources and logistics networks.
5 Characteristics Of Successful Intermediary Organisationsikmediaries
Presentation by Catherine Fisher (IDS) on 5 characteristics of successful intermediary organsiations, given at the 3rd I-K-Mediary workshop in Brighton, November 2009.
Don Tapscott's New Solutions for a Connected Planet - MaRS Global LeadershipMaRS Discovery District
In this new age of networked intelligence, collaborative communities are enhancing and even bypassing crumbling institutions. We are innovating the way our financial institutions and governments operate; how we educate our children; how the healthcare, newspaper, and energy industries serve their customers; how we care for our neighbourhoods; and even how we solve global problems.
From his latest book, (co-author Anthony D. Williams) Macrowikinomics: New Solutions for a Connected Planet, Don Tapscott presents groundbreaking innovations from every corner of the globe: how businesses, organizations and individuals alike are using mass collaboration to revolutionize not only the way we work, but how we live, learn, create and care for each other.
While Medieval Weapons and Medieval Warfare both discuss innovation in medieval times, they differ in their perspectives. The Medieval Machine views technological advancements positively as beneficial to society, while Medieval Warfare sees them negatively as perpetuating warfare. Both texts agree that innovations led to counter-innovations, like developments in armor spurring more powerful weapons. Overall, the books provide contrasting views on whether medieval innovations helped or hindered society.
Case Study On The Danish Wind Energy SystemBeth Johnson
While books on medieval weapons and medieval warfare explore similar concepts, they differ in their perspectives. Medieval Machine focuses on how technological innovations, like new war machines, benefited medieval society. In contrast, Medieval Warfare emphasizes how constant innovations in weapons and armor promoted further warfare, which negatively impacted society. While improvements to an army's strength helped soldiers, an endless escalation of violence harmed civilians. The books present opposing views on whether military innovations enhanced or damaged medieval life.
This Working Paper was published by United Nations University Maastricht Economic and social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). It seeks to provide insights about the main characteristics of innovative firms and to gather new evidence with regard to the nature of the innovation process in the Latin American and Caribbean region. This Paper analyses data from a number of CARICOM countries.
The Factors That Influence The Adoption Of New TechnologiesErika Nelson
This document discusses organizational change and innovation through the lens of technological change. It defines organizational change as the transformation and development within an organization, including changes to structure, work methods, or culture. A key driver of change is organizational innovation, or the implementation of new creative ideas. The document uses technology as a model, explaining that a new technology is initially introduced through innovation, may develop a dominant design if successful, and faces incremental changes until being replaced by a newer technology in its life cycle according to an S-curve pattern of growth and decline.
Chapter 9
Industrial Recruitment
*
In previous classes, we have introduced some US government facts as well as some historical and theoretical background of business-government relations. Starting from this week, we are going to focus on business-government relations in economic development, especially in local context.
Today we will cover chapter 9 = industrial recruitment. We will look a various economic theories, cluster theory, political context of local economic development, and industrial recrtuiment.
Economic growth contributes to an increase in consumption which benefits all sectors of the economic community.
Despite the dynamic in the growth loop, economic growth can not be indefinite (e.g., land is limited).
*
An economy will reach a natural equilibrium if capital can flow without restrictionCapital mobility: capital will flow from high cost areas to low cost areasEquilibrium: overall market and all areas will reach a state of equal statusNo government intervention:
opposing government regulations on the movement of firms
attracting capital with community’s resources (e.g., land, labor, infrastructure, financial incentives, etc.)
*
Location theoryFactors affecting a firm’s location choiceGovernment should enhance the location with government performance, policies, and resourcesEconomic base theoryLocal demands vs. external demands Government should recruit businesses that have a market beyond the local area and encourage export-oriented industries.
Location theory, on the other hand, seeks to explain an area’s competitiveness in terms of firms’ locational orientation—what factors of an area contribute to a firm’s location choice. Location theorists assume that firms, in order to maximize their profits, choose locations that minimize the cost of transporting goods to the market place. Unlike the neoclassical school, location theorists generally assert that government should play a critical role in enhancing the location. A capable, cooperative, and responsive government can potentially better meet business’ needs for land, infrastructure such as transportation and roads, education, and other public services.
Economic base theory analyzes growth from the demand side rather than the supply side. It differentiates the economic activities of an area into two components—those which meet the local demands and those which satisfy the demands outside the community. The former is non-basic, which does not lead to growth, while the latter is basic, which will generate local wealth and jobs.
*
Growth pole theoryA dynamic industry with a competitiveness edge in capital, technology and political influence is a pole of growth.Government should help expand the core industry.Central place theoryCritical role of urban centersGovernment should direct resources to the development of a central place
Growth pole theory rejects neoclassical theorists’ claim that growth “should” flow to less costly regions and argues that in ...
Chapter 9
Industrial Recruitment
*
In previous classes, we have introduced some US government facts as well as some historical and theoretical background of business-government relations. Starting from this week, we are going to focus on business-government relations in economic development, especially in local context.
Today we will cover chapter 9 = industrial recruitment. We will look a various economic theories, cluster theory, political context of local economic development, and industrial recrtuiment.
Economic growth contributes to an increase in consumption which benefits all sectors of the economic community.
Despite the dynamic in the growth loop, economic growth can not be indefinite (e.g., land is limited).
*
An economy will reach a natural equilibrium if capital can flow without restrictionCapital mobility: capital will flow from high cost areas to low cost areasEquilibrium: overall market and all areas will reach a state of equal statusNo government intervention:
opposing government regulations on the movement of firms
attracting capital with community’s resources (e.g., land, labor, infrastructure, financial incentives, etc.)
*
Location theoryFactors affecting a firm’s location choiceGovernment should enhance the location with government performance, policies, and resourcesEconomic base theoryLocal demands vs. external demands Government should recruit businesses that have a market beyond the local area and encourage export-oriented industries.
Location theory, on the other hand, seeks to explain an area’s competitiveness in terms of firms’ locational orientation—what factors of an area contribute to a firm’s location choice. Location theorists assume that firms, in order to maximize their profits, choose locations that minimize the cost of transporting goods to the market place. Unlike the neoclassical school, location theorists generally assert that government should play a critical role in enhancing the location. A capable, cooperative, and responsive government can potentially better meet business’ needs for land, infrastructure such as transportation and roads, education, and other public services.
Economic base theory analyzes growth from the demand side rather than the supply side. It differentiates the economic activities of an area into two components—those which meet the local demands and those which satisfy the demands outside the community. The former is non-basic, which does not lead to growth, while the latter is basic, which will generate local wealth and jobs.
*
Growth pole theoryA dynamic industry with a competitiveness edge in capital, technology and political influence is a pole of growth.Government should help expand the core industry.Central place theoryCritical role of urban centersGovernment should direct resources to the development of a central place
Growth pole theory rejects neoclassical theorists’ claim that growth “should” flow to less costly regions and argues that in ...
The Power of Place: A National Strategy for Building Communities of InnovationEileen Walker
The document proposes a national strategy for building America's communities of innovation by strengthening existing and developing new research parks, technology incubators, universities, and federal labs. It recommends establishing American Innovation Zones that provide economic incentives and regulatory reforms to accelerate their development. Fully funding the America COMPETES Act and expanding the R&D tax credit for companies located in these zones are also suggested as ways to maintain U.S. competitiveness in innovation.
Chapter 9
Industrial Recruitment
*
In previous classes, we have introduced some US government facts as well as some historical and theoretical background of business-government relations. Starting from this week, we are going to focus on business-government relations in economic development, especially in local context.
Today we will cover chapter 9 = industrial recruitment. We will look a various economic theories, cluster theory, political context of local economic development, and industrial recrtuiment.
Economic growth contributes to an increase in consumption which benefits all sectors of the economic community.
Despite the dynamic in the growth loop, economic growth can not be indefinite (e.g., land is limited).
*
An economy will reach a natural equilibrium if capital can flow without restrictionCapital mobility: capital will flow from high cost areas to low cost areasEquilibrium: overall market and all areas will reach a state of equal statusNo government intervention:
opposing government regulations on the movement of firms
attracting capital with community’s resources (e.g., land, labor, infrastructure, financial incentives, etc.)
*
Location theoryFactors affecting a firm’s location choiceGovernment should enhance the location with government performance, policies, and resourcesEconomic base theoryLocal demands vs. external demands Government should recruit businesses that have a market beyond the local area and encourage export-oriented industries.
Location theory, on the other hand, seeks to explain an area’s competitiveness in terms of firms’ locational orientation—what factors of an area contribute to a firm’s location choice. Location theorists assume that firms, in order to maximize their profits, choose locations that minimize the cost of transporting goods to the market place. Unlike the neoclassical school, location theorists generally assert that government should play a critical role in enhancing the location. A capable, cooperative, and responsive government can potentially better meet business’ needs for land, infrastructure such as transportation and roads, education, and other public services.
Economic base theory analyzes growth from the demand side rather than the supply side. It differentiates the economic activities of an area into two components—those which meet the local demands and those which satisfy the demands outside the community. The former is non-basic, which does not lead to growth, while the latter is basic, which will generate local wealth and jobs.
*
Growth pole theoryA dynamic industry with a competitiveness edge in capital, technology and political influence is a pole of growth.Government should help expand the core industry.Central place theoryCritical role of urban centersGovernment should direct resources to the development of a central place
Growth pole theory rejects neoclassical theorists’ claim that growth “should” flow to less costly regions and argues that in.
Chapter 9
Industrial Recruitment
*
In previous classes, we have introduced some US government facts as well as some historical and theoretical background of business-government relations. Starting from this week, we are going to focus on business-government relations in economic development, especially in local context.
Today we will cover chapter 9 = industrial recruitment. We will look a various economic theories, cluster theory, political context of local economic development, and industrial recrtuiment.
Economic growth contributes to an increase in consumption which benefits all sectors of the economic community.
Despite the dynamic in the growth loop, economic growth can not be indefinite (e.g., land is limited).
*
An economy will reach a natural equilibrium if capital can flow without restrictionCapital mobility: capital will flow from high cost areas to low cost areasEquilibrium: overall market and all areas will reach a state of equal statusNo government intervention:
opposing government regulations on the movement of firms
attracting capital with community’s resources (e.g., land, labor, infrastructure, financial incentives, etc.)
*
Location theoryFactors affecting a firm’s location choiceGovernment should enhance the location with government performance, policies, and resourcesEconomic base theoryLocal demands vs. external demands Government should recruit businesses that have a market beyond the local area and encourage export-oriented industries.
Location theory, on the other hand, seeks to explain an area’s competitiveness in terms of firms’ locational orientation—what factors of an area contribute to a firm’s location choice. Location theorists assume that firms, in order to maximize their profits, choose locations that minimize the cost of transporting goods to the market place. Unlike the neoclassical school, location theorists generally assert that government should play a critical role in enhancing the location. A capable, cooperative, and responsive government can potentially better meet business’ needs for land, infrastructure such as transportation and roads, education, and other public services.
Economic base theory analyzes growth from the demand side rather than the supply side. It differentiates the economic activities of an area into two components—those which meet the local demands and those which satisfy the demands outside the community. The former is non-basic, which does not lead to growth, while the latter is basic, which will generate local wealth and jobs.
*
Growth pole theoryA dynamic industry with a competitiveness edge in capital, technology and political influence is a pole of growth.Government should help expand the core industry.Central place theoryCritical role of urban centersGovernment should direct resources to the development of a central place
Growth pole theory rejects neoclassical theorists’ claim that growth “should” flow to less costly regions and argues that in.
This document discusses how clusters can help transform Korea's economy into a creative one. It provides background on Korea's impressive economic success but challenges in maintaining growth. The government's Creative Economy Action Plan aims to establish an ecosystem supporting creativity. Clusters are important building blocks of modern economies and government cluster policies can help address market failures and collective action problems. For Korea to fully realize its innovative potential, it needs to overcome structural barriers that limit dynamism and competition, such as the dominance of large companies. Cluster organizations can play a role in supporting Korea's transition by encouraging collaboration and innovation across industries.
The document outlines an agenda to support the growth of technology companies in Connecticut. It identifies challenges such as a lack of available workforce and funding for growth companies. The agenda proposes short-term policies to attract talent, expanding funding mechanisms for growth companies, developing a statewide broadband network, fostering industry-academic partnerships, marketing Connecticut's tech economy, and reviewing regulations that hinder business.
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For each element, the document analyzes the University of Utah's approach, highlighting
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Mit ilp article for ti conference reprint auletmitecenter
According to the document:
- More than 25,000 companies founded by MIT alumni have generated over 3.3 million jobs and $2 trillion in annual revenues, which would make them the 11th largest economy in the world.
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The Global Economic Security Strategy (GESS) Public VersionKeith Krach
The Global Economic Security Strategy (GESS) contained in these pages harnesses powerful areas of competitive advantage, including the innovation and resources of our private sector; strong partnerships with friends and allies, and the moral high ground of our American values and optimism. It provides an integrated plan to leverage, grow and amplify these strengths through three distinct pillars of action.
The first pillar of the Global Economic Security Strategy
is to turbocharge our economic competitiveness and innovation to ensure our economic security. If we cannot do both in tandem, we will no longer be the global leader that we are now. The pillar begins by describing how we will turbocharge economic competitiveness by continuing to invest in the American worker, increase access to capital, accelerate the nation’s digital transformation, rebuild our industrial base, and extend our lead in research and development.
The second pillar details how we must safeguard America’s assets, which have long been under attack from our strategic adversaries. This involves protecting our country’s technology, intellectual property, investment resources, open markets, and civil society institutions, and strengthening our supply chains to prevent being overly and adversely dependent on any one country. Finally, the pillar outlines the importance of focusing on critical innovation sectors so that we can win the race for leadership in areas vital to our national security.
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The GESS recognizes that the world wants and needs America to lead, but that we cannot confront the challenges of our time alone. We must build a coalition of economic partners and private sector companies to secure the foundations of free and open societies at home and throughout the world.
A Study of National Innovation Systems of GCC countriesBrowne & Mohan
A robust NIS system is a prerequisite for building a successful nation. With huge amount of wealth at their disposal, GCC countries are taking initiatives to transform themselves into knowledge based economies from oil based economies. This paper evaluates the current NIS of GCC countries, shows where they stand when compared to other countries, and how they can learn from countries like Singapore, Brazil, Malaysia, USA and Norway to make their NIS more effective.
Technological innovation is reshaping markets and creating new opportunities for businesses at a faster rate than at any other time in living memory. But to realise the promise of greater economic growth, incumbent businesses, challengers and the policymakers who regulate them need to find a balance that encourages fairness without either stifling entrepreneurialism or compromising the public interest.
Finding this balance has proven difficult for businesses and industry regulators alike.
In order to build greater understanding of the trade-offs at play in ensuring a level playing field, this report explores the specific challenges that regulators face when it comes to disruptors, and explores workable models for increased collaboration between the public and private sectors.
Network Based Private Equity InvestmentJose Acosta
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2) Convening key inventors from universities and companies within overlapping domains allows investors to explore opportunities at the intersections of technologies and fund collaborations.
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This document provides a summary of a report titled "A Blueprint for Iowa 2025" which assesses Iowa's historical, current, and future economic competitiveness. The report was commissioned by the Iowa Business Council to identify challenges and opportunities to maintain positive economic growth over the next 5-20 years. Key findings include: (1) Iowa faces fiscal challenges that limit investments needed for growth; (2) federal expenditures in Iowa focus more on social services than growth; (3) retaining students and innovators lags national trends; and (4) Iowa's population gap and lack of diversity challenges its future workforce. The report recommends convening a forum to discuss goals, recommendations, and performance measures to address these issues and ensure Iowa
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1. Creating 21st Century Innovation Intermediaries
Perspectives on Updating Regional Models
For Technology-Based Economic Development
New Economy Strategies LLC
1250 24th Street, N.W. Suite 300
Washington, D.C. 20037
(202) 466-0566
info@new-econ.com
2.
3. A NEW DIRECTION FOR TECHNOLOGY-BASED
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF
INNOVATION INTERMEDIARIES∗
Richard A. Bendis
President and CEO, True Product ID, Inc.
Richard S. Seline
Principal, New Economy Strategies
Ethan J. Byler
Consultant, New Economy Strategies
________________________________________________________________________
Executive Summary. Accelerating innovation to drive economic growth is the foremost
goal for technology-based economic development organizations today. Realizing this
goal through programs is challenged by limited and outdated operating models. We
outline our 21st Century Innovation Intermediary model that pairs commercialization
with regional connectivity to accelerate innovation for regional economic growth.
Introduction
Technology-based economic development practices have a long history in the United
States. The initial ideas of utilizing technology as a platform to develop strategies for the
economies of regions started in the 1980s and focused around specific industry clusters.
Twenty-five years later, the effects of these initiatives can be observed in the United
States through initiatives like Silicon Valley California, Massachusetts’ Route 128, and
countless others. Most regions understand and promote their leading technology-
intensive industries and have focused ED efforts to exploit their comparative advantages.
However, new paradigms today are shifting the demands of regional competitiveness and
will require new practices in ED. The most notable is the formation of innovation
intermediaries or regional entities that align a region’s technologies, assets, and resources
to work together on innovation. This article explores the shift from the first technology-
based ED programs to today’s imperative for the 21st century innovation intermediary
and further elaborates the components needed for a successful operating model. This
article loosely uses the term “region,” although the model presented here has applicability
to both states and countries.
Historical context
Technology-based ED programs and institutions were pioneered in response to the
emerging challenges to U.S. industrial competitiveness in the early 1980s. America’s
∗
Published in Applied Research in Economic Development. A Joint Publication of C2ER – The Council
for Community of Economic Development & The University of Southern Mississippi: 2007. Volume 4,
Number1, pp. 22-36
4. prominence in a number of industries was falling with the growth of foreign rivals,
shrinking productivity and increasing unemployment. The majority of experts, including
the well-known MIT Commission on Industrial Productivity, agreed that the best way to
remain competitive was to retain the industries that have high and rapidly rising
productivity (Dertouzos, et al. 1989). The Commission’s findings focused the national
response on better ways to support American manufacturing firms by developing less
inflationary and less destabilizing economic policies. The state and regional responses to
competitiveness concerns birthed the first technology-based ED strategies.
States with economies heavily reliant upon manufacturing industries like Pennsylvania
and Ohio recognized that competitiveness concerns stemming from faster industrial
design processes and greater flexibility in adapting to new market opportunities by
foreign competitors would now be ongoing issues, and needed to be systematically
addressed. In response to the rising threats, Pennsylvania Governor Richard Thornburgh
created the Ben Franklin Technology Partnership (BFTP) in 1982 (Osbourne 1988).
BFTP was structured to provide financing and incentives for applied research and the
commercial outcomes of the state’s research enterprise. BFTP also provided technical
assistance for new and existing businesses through its four regional centers and initiated
funding for business incubators.
The groundwork formed by BFTP initiated the first programmatic approach to
technology-based ED, providing a national model for other regions to replicate, which a
large number would soon do. Ohio Governor Richard Celeste launched the Thomas
Edison Program around the same time as Governor Thornburgh was revealing the BFTP
program. The Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology
(OCAST) and the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation (KTEC) were created in
1987 with Rich Bendis serving as the first Chairman of KTEC. Under his leadership
many of the original KTEC programs were modeled on BFTP programs. By 1988, 45
states reported more than 250 technology-based ED initiatives (Carnegie Commission
1992).
The Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government began to
specifically investigate technology-based ED entities starting in 1992. The Commission
brought together many of the pioneers in the movement, including Bendis and Governors
Celeste and Thornburgh, who would go on to serve as Commission Co-chairmen. The
Commission convened to make sense of the recent trends and to set forth
recommendations for the current best practice programs. It confirmed public-private
partnerships as the most effective means to address U.S. competitiveness. Leveraging
resources, including federal and state funding and private resources, and creating
synergies or common purpose among parties were further recommendations to be
addressed through the partnerships. Governors Thornburgh and Celeste and Bendis
continued to collaborate on this work as founding board members at the State Science &
Technology Institute (SSTI) when it started in 1996, with the two Governors serving as
co-chairs. SSTI is a member based organization for technology-based ED entities
dedicated to improving government-industry programs that encourage economic growth
through the application of science and technology.
5. The continued development of technology-based ED concepts and best practices led to
the reinvention and new formation of entities in the 1990s and 2000s. The Massachusetts
Technology Collaborative was formally adopted in 1994. New York State Office of
Science, Technology, and Academic research was formed in 2000. The Texas Regional
Centers for Innovation and Commercialization were created in 2005 to manage funds
from the newly established Texas Emerging Technology Fund.
Globalization of technology
Technology-based strategies are forced to keep pace with nuances in the changing global
economy. The most notable paradigm shift for practitioners of ED to understand is the
expanded globalization of technology that has in turn intensified the focus on localized
assets and resources. In today’s global economy knowledge, technology, and innovation
are firmly embedded into globally traded products and services. Corporate production
processes are captured within a global value chain, where specialization can be easily
outsourced. Firms and enterprises are more networked, more linked, and more
distributed than ever. The corporate world is also finding more ways to facilitate
innovation internally and expand its reach in areas of research and development.
These trends have also drastically changed the role of human capital in the economy.
Managerial, professional, and technical positions—or “knowledge workers”—are now
the largest occupational category. Competition has intensified for the most talented
scientists and engineers at the global, state, and regional levels. Simultaneously, the
global economy is more accessible for these very people to work as entrepreneurs and
launch their own technology ventures independent of corporate structures.
Furthermore, American firms are not the only ones innovating. New waves of innovators
are emerging in Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia.
Foreign research and development investments are rapidly expanding, contributing to
increased scientific output. Countries like Israel, Canada, Japan, and Sweden have
developed strong patent positions in key sectors like information technology and the life
sciences.
The rapid development and incorporation into value chains all over the world by a cadre
of foreign competitors is now challenging the United States at even greater levels than in
the 1980s. Fortunately, American workers remain very productive and wages high. A
large factor in this positioning is through American dominance in information technology
and its successful and productive application throughout American industries. The
continued global integration of technology will continue to challenge and potentially
diminish this advantage.
Imperative for regional connectivity
Given the increasing globalization of technology, regions must consider new strategies in
addressing regional competitiveness and economic growth. The primary answer to
address these demands since the 1980s has been industry cluster development. The art of
cluster development was formally introduced, articulated, and made famous by Harvard
6. Business School Professor and renowned business strategist Michael Porter in 1990.
Traditional cluster development theory is the notion that all the assets, value chains, and
required skills must be contained within a proximate geographic location. Economic
development is then promoted within the cluster by improving the competitiveness of one
or several specific business sectors. Bendis had the opportunity to implement a cluster
development strategy with Porter as part of the Council on Competitiveness Clusters of
Innovation Project (Porter 2007). This strategy assisted in building aerospace and
defense vehicle and plastics manufacturing clusters in Wichita, Kansas.
However, the evolution of distributed and networked business models compels us to
examine the cluster model of ED. For instance, the growth of outsourcing means that
larger, fully integrated corporations are now becoming divested both operationally and
geographically. A large pharmaceutical or defense company can be thought of as a
network of smaller enterprises, divisions, and suppliers. Based on this reality, cluster
development stands as a mechanism to provide focus and advise strategy through the
alignment of industries and technologies into thematic areas to address growth. However,
further tools must be developed to capitalize on strategies that promote innovation not
just to support clusters, but to galvanize innovative activity throughout a region.
Today’s environment warrants regions to alter the approach from technology-based ED
to innovation-based ED. We believe that the local knowledge-base including local
researchers, scientists, entrepreneurs, government officials, and representatives of
business and industry to be a region’s critical assets in fostering innovation. The regional
talent base often embodies the location’s legacy industries. For example, Detroit’s
knowledge-base has been historically centered on the automotive industry. With the
automotive industry faltering, a new ED approach must be implemented beyond the
development of industry clusters. Innovation-based economic development requires
Detroit to leverage its regional human capital, but for the purpose of achieving innovative
outcomes beyond the automotive industry. Detroit has well-educated human capital with
specialized skills, but to the region’s detriment, they have been focused on a singular
failing market.
The next component to be understood is how technology is emerging in the region
throughout industry and activity in a local research base. Regional alignment of key
enabling technologies and the regional knowledge-base forms competencies that can then
be capitalize upon for innovation. Innovation-based ED solutions then lie in
understanding the connections among these key assets in the regional economy, value
must be extracted systematically and available resources aligned as part of a regional
strategy.
Richard Seline’s work over the past decade in numerous U.S. regions, through his
consultancy New Economy Strategies, has now led to the conclusion that determining
whether a region is a hub (i.e., a significant concentration of most of the necessary assets
and attributes for a given industry) or a node (a concentration of one or two highly critical
elements of an industry’s value chain) in specific unique regional competencies fosters
the appropriate discussion and debate on a region’s ability to focus resources, leadership,
7. and ultimately collaborative responses that foster innovation-based ED. Greater Detroit
now has a roadmap for the region to connect on initiatives that promote innovation due to
the efforts of Seline and New Economy Strategies.
FIGURE 1: New Economy Strategies’ perspective on Global Hubs & Nodes
Then…. Now….
Region D
Region A
Region B
Manufacturing
Region C
Research
Trials/Testing
Services
Region G
Development
Region E Region F
Self-contained Specialized,
regional clusters networked regions
Our knowledge of science, technology, and the current global paradigm throughout
numerous regions in the country highlights the need for regional connectivity. To
achieve the full potential of a regional economy, all assets and players in knowledge
industries, scientific advancement, and technological innovation must be connected.
These assets and players include researchers, institutes, companies, investors, business
leadership, and government officials. Innovation-based ED programs must be developed
to provide mechanisms that accelerate this connectivity.
What is an innovation intermediary?
Appropriate organizational mechanisms can enable greater collaboration between human
and institutional players to work on new projects and initiatives, and assist in the leverage
and alignment of regional resources to maximize economic growth. An innovation
intermediary is this organization at the center of a region’s efforts to align local
technologies, assets, and resources to work together on innovation. Technology-based
ED organization must identify ways to be structured more like innovation-based
intermediaries as described further in this article. The innovation intermediary has two
primary functions. The first function is that the innovation intermediary must provide
operating mechanisms for regional connectivity. It accomplishes this by assuming the
role of a neutral convener for regional growth and provides venues for information
exchange and connectivity.
FIGURE 2: Outputs of Innovation
Cultivation Collaboration
Innovation
Intermediary
Careers
Capital
Connectivity Commercialization
8. One of the most noted examples of such an innovation intermediary organization playing
this first role is CONNECT, created in 1985: a non-profit formed in conjunction with the
University of California-San Diego in response to a large downsizing of the defense
industry (CONNECT, 2007). The CONNECT model features inter-institutional
exchange of knowledge and technologies throughout San Diego’s research community. It
creates opportunities for entrepreneurs, researchers, scientists, business service providers,
and industry through structural, informational, and educational activities can lead to
strong regional collaborations.
The second function of the intermediary is to serve as an accelerator that advances
technologies into the marketplace for regional economic benefit. Once a regional
connectivity mechanism is established it will produce outputs that stimulate innovation in
the local economy. The most significant output is the conception and formation of new
technology-based products, services and market opportunities. To accelerate innovation,
the intermediary must combine scientific knowledge, market awareness, business know-
how, and complementary investment programs under a single roof. Too many
technology-based ED programs focus on too few steps, resulting in wasted efforts.
Finally, the innovation intermediary must continue to research, identify, and market
regional strengths to continue to refine and position comparative advantages.
21st Century Innovation Intermediary: Operating Model for Regional Economies
Connectivity of Key
Human & Institutional
Players
Leverage & Research & Marketing
The Innovation of Strengths of the
Alignment of
Intermediary Innovation Economy
Financial Resources
Programs
Commercialization
Direct Investment
Angel Capital
SBIR Programs
Technology Mining
FIGURE 3: 21st Century Innovation Intermediary: Operating Model for Regional
Economies
9. Best practice example: Innovation Philadelphia
Leaders in Greater Philadelphia saw the need for an innovation intermediary when they
created Innovation Philadelphia in 2001. Philadelphia had several organizations involved
in technology-based ED, including the Science Center, Ben Franklin Technology Partners
of Southeast Pennsylvania, and BioAdvance. Primary advocates of the intermediary
concept were Dr. Judith Rodin, President of the University of Pennsylvania, and
Philadelphia Mayor John Street, who understood that efforts needed to be focused and
aligned around common goals for the effective implementation of the regional strategy.
As the founder and CEO of Innovation Philadelphia, Richard Bendis focused efforts on
connectivity and programs or the tools needed to catalyze innovation. As a result of
having four technology-based intermediaries, each with pre-seed investment capital and
entrepreneurial support services, the Greater Philadelphia Region was promoted as The
World’s Best Technology Network in supporting entrepreneurial innovation and
commercialization. We have not identified any other region in the country or world that
has four technology-based ED intermediaries that all have high-risk, pre-seed capital to
invest in companies.
One of the early tasks of Innovation Philadelphia was to retain Richard Seline to develop
a roadmap for Greater Philadelphia’s innovation economy, which resulted in new
perspectives on Philadelphia’s future economic opportunities and how to connect talent
for economic growth (New Economy Strategies 2007). The Knowledge Industry
Partnership and Greater Philadelphia Creative Economy were also formed through
Innovation Philadelphia’s leadership, and the Seline cluster report helped create cluster
strategies in the Medical/Life Science, Chemicals, Nanotechnology and Business
Process/ Software industries. The Knowledge Industry Partnership is a coalition of
Greater Philadelphia's civic, business, government, and higher education leaders working
together to maximize the impact of the region’s colleges and universities for
Philadelphia’s overall competitive position. The Greater Philadelphia Creative Economy
articulates the convergence of technology industries and professionals with the arts and
media industries, and promotes Philadelphia as a hub for this activity.
Bendis and Innovation Philadelphia created further programs to fill the gaps that existed
in the regional innovation economy. The Economic Stimulus Fund was created to make
equity investments in companies. The Mid-Atlantic Angel Fund was formed among 89
investors in the Greater Philadelphia Region. These programs will be explained further
in the subsequent section. Although Innovation Philadelphia today has shifted its focus to
address other regional concerns, all the programs created to sustain the innovation-based
economy continue to operate in the Greater Philadelphia region. The management of the
programs has merely been assumed by other entities. This is the true legacy of an
innovation intermediary. Institutions and programs are assembled to address market
demands, and when the institution achieves its mission then other regional entities will
act to sustain the programs.
10. Commercialization
Any novel idea has a limited window of opportunity to realize a commercial outcome.
As illustrated in Figure 4, the progression of innovation technologies must be moved
promptly and strategically through a series of technical, market opportunity and business
opportunity tools and analyses as the technology evolves.
A good example of a commercialization structure is the San Antonio Technology
Accelerator Initiative (SATAI), which utilizes a Technology Commercialization Model
developed by H. Randall Goldsmith. SATAI strategically moves technologies along a
path to commercialization while receiving mentoring, assistance, and oversight from the
intermediary, staff, leadership, and any other collaborating partners.
The regional accelerator must be established with strategic business networks and service
providers that can be utilized at different times to assist in the commercialization.
Goldsmith has been successful in implementing the principles of the model across a
variety of geographic locations. He used it in conjunction in Oklahoma with OCAST and
in San Antonio with SATAI, and now in his most recent work in Mississippi with the
Mississippi Technology Alliance.
FIGURE 4: Example of an effective Innovation Intermediary Commercialization
Structure (San Antonio Technology Accelerator Initiative)
Technical Market Business
Investigation Technology Market Needs Venture Assessment
Concept Analysis Assessment
Development Phase
Feasibility Technology Market Study Economic
Feasibility Feasibility
Planning Engineering Strategic Marketing Strategic Business
Prototype Plan
Introduction Pre-Production Market Validation Business Start-Up
Prototype
Commercial Phase
Full Scale Production Sales and Business Growth
Production Distribution
Maturity Production Support Market Business Maturity
Diversification
Direct Investment
Investment programs are another important in-house capability the innovation
intermediary should maintain to bridge critical steps in the commercialization process
and incentivize the development of technology-based opportunities. Commercialization
requires effective chains of capital that address all funding gaps in the conception and
growth of technology-based companies. Direct investment programs are a basic
mechanism to stimulate activity in companies who exist in one of the gap areas or are
unlikely to receive traditional venture funding. The most traditional forms are research
11. matching grants and pre-seed and seed stage investments. Depending on the funding
source and organizational funding scheme, it could be mutually beneficial for the firm
and intermediary for the financing to take the form of a loan, convertible debentures,
straight equity, or other combination of debt and equity. Referring back to the case of
Greater Philadelphia, BFTP of Southeast Pennsylvania has made direct investments since
its inception. Innovation Philadelphia created the Economic Stimulus Fund, but could
co-invest with BFTP when feasible. Bioadvance and the Science Center also have
dedicated investment funds as a part of this network.
Angel capital
In addition to direct investment funds there are other forms of capital that are
complementary to direct investment, most notably angel capital. It is increasingly
important for the innovation intermediary to have access to angel capital. Angels invest
early-stage capital in start-up ventures earlier than traditional venture capital firms will.
They provide about 90 percent of seed and early-stage outside equity capital for start-up
entrepreneurs. These investors are traditionally experienced high net worth individuals,
institutions, and other accredited investors. In 2006, total angel investments reached
$25.6 billion as reported by the Center for Venture Research at the University of New
Hampshire, surpassing total venture capital investments of $25.5 billion as reported by
PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Angels are often interested in leveraging other public and private investment funding, and
have been known to form angel networks to distribute risk. They normally invest in
local or regional deals primarily because of the very personal relationship that these deals
require. The critical role the innovation intermediary fills is to subsidize the staff to run
the angel group. Investors prefer their capital to be invested as equity without a
significant portion going into management fees.
The Mid-Atlantic Angel Group (MAG) is a member managed private equity investment
fund that bridges the gap between seed investments and institutional venture capital and
was created and managed by Rich Bendis and Chris Starr at Innovation Philadelphia.
MAG leverages public and private funding resources and networks by providing equity
capital to seed and early-stage, technology-based high growth companies. MAG has 89
unique investors including public dollars from the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
and Delaware. This was the first time an angel fund was established in the region even
though angels had been active in Philadelphia for over 20 years. MAG’s management
has now transitioned to the Science Center in Philadelphia.
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grant support programs
Over $1 billion in SBIR funds and over $100 million in Small Business Technology
Transfer (STTR) funds are available each year to qualifying companies, making these the
largest pool of seed-stage R&D money available and most cost-effective from a
company’s standpoint. The program is designed to stimulate innovative research by
small businesses while providing government agencies with new solutions to technical
and scientific problems. Federal grants for innovation are critical to prompt commercial
development of technologies in any region trying to jumpstart an innovation-based
12. economy. For the intermediary, the interface between firms winning grants at this phase
provides another avenue for deal flow for the angel and investment community.
Bendis created programs called Research Dollars, a regional program for Greater
Philadelphia, and the Innovation Partnership, a statewide program for Pennsylvania,
which were modeled after KTEC’s successful SBIR assistance programs. These
programs offer small grants to reimburse the costs incurred by firms in preparing grant
applications, which are sizable costs for small firms. Often travel is required to meet
with federal program administrators not to mention the opportunity costs involved to
prepare the extensive grant materials. The management of the Innovation Partnership has
now transitioned to BFTP.
Technology mining and scouting functions
Technology mining and/or scouting functions can assist regions in transferring and
developing technologies. There are two distinct ways to utilize these functions for
regional ED. The first is targeting technologies that could be of use to the local research
base or early-stage companies. Partnering with the appropriate organization can help
draw technologies from labs for local development and help facilitate transfer from
distant locations as well. Technology Tree, Yet2.com, and UVentures are examples of
firms specializing in mining, transferring, and developing technologies.
Another way is in more traditional corporate defensive positioning. Many major
companies are soliciting the services of technology scouts to identify novel technologies
that could be useful to the company or that have disruptive capabilities. The intermediary
can establish services to assist technology companies in monitoring disruptive
capabilities, especially when it is perceived that regional innovation hinges on the
activities of just a few companies. Strategies can also be developed to assist local
companies capture unrealized intellectual property opportunities.
Bendis created a program that merged the concepts of technology mining while assisting
both small and large companies. The program, now a joint venture between the BFTP of
Southeast Pennsylvania and Phoenix IP Ventures and is supported by the Pennsylvania
Department of Community and Economic Development. The program encourages large
companies to donate intellectual property and receive tax benefits for their philanthropic
efforts. The partnership then takes the donated intellectual property and work on its
commercialization.
Leadership requirements
Innovation-based ED also requires best practices in leadership. It is short-sighted to
believe that a structure and programs can inspire regional innovation on their own.
Visionary leadership is the initial leadership necessary to make innovation-based ED
work in and across regions. This article has explained examples of visionary this
leadership through the pioneering work of Governors Thornburgh and Celeste to guide
the future of their states. Dr. Judith Rodin and Mayor John Street were visionaries in
identifying the opportunity for an innovation intermediary in Philadelphia.
13. Secondly, a particular type of leadership is required to operate the intermediary. As
noted in the description of programs, the operation of innovation intermediaries requires
knowledge of technology management, regional connectivity, business operations,
investments, and commercialization. Leaders of the intermediary can be best thought of
as full time entrepreneurs in residence that have the know-how, know-whom, and trust
and reputation for success, and have convergent knowledge of science, technology,
business, markets, and ED. Preferably these people will have resounding connectivity
qualities that assist in linking and leverage of the innovation-based economy. Finding the
proper individuals to lead innovation intermediaries is an important step in developing
turnkey solutions for regional innovation-based ED.
Conclusion
Looking to the future, the rapid pace of innovation will continue. The regional response
through employing an innovation intermediary can accelerate the rate of innovation and
serve as a catalyst for the regional economy. Each response will be different and must be
customized to regional institutional and political structures, but tailoring these regional
approaches will prove to be the valuable link in fostering innovation for regional
economic growth. In closing, we believe the following to be the guiding principles for
the foundation and successful operation of an intermediary to develop a competitive
innovation model for the 21st century (Bendis 2007).
• Shared ownership
• Broad participation and diversity of interests
• Champions and advocates
• Operational principles
• Partnership formalization
• Merit-based decisions
• Flexibility
• Cost-sharing
• Access to investment capital
• Evaluation
• Long-term commitment and sustainability
14. References and further readings
Bendis, Richard A. presentation for the Texas Lyceum. Retrieved April 13, 2007:
http://www.texaseconomicsummit
.org/media/staticContent/conferences/2006Pres/2006PubConPres-Richard_Bendis.pdf
Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. Science, Technology,
and the States in America’s Third Century. 1992. Retrieved April 13, 2007:
http://www.carnegie.org/sub/ pubs/science_tech/states.txt
CONNECT. Retrieved April 14, 2007. http://www.connect.org/
Dertouzos, Michael L., et al. Made in America: Regaining the Productive Edge.
Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989.
New Economy Strategies. Greater Philadelphia Regional Roadmap. Retrieved April 13,
2007: http://www.greaterphillyroadmap.com/
New Economy Strategies. Road to Renaissance. Retrieved April 14, 2007:
http://www.detroitrenaissance.com/road_to_ren.htm
Osborne, David. Laboratories of Democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1988,
Chapter 2, “Pennsylvania: The Economic Development Model.”
Porter, Michael E, Council on Competitiveness, Monitor Group, & ontheFRONTIER.
Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Wichita. Retrieved April 14, 2007:
http://www.monitor.com/binary-data/MONITOR_ARTICLES/object/142.pdf
San Antonio Technology Accelerator Initiative. Retrieved April 13, 2007:
https://www.satai-network.com/techcom.asp
15.
16. New Economy Strategies LLC
1250 24th Street, N.W. Suite 300
Washington, D.C. 20037
(202) 466-0566
info@new-econ.com