This document discusses how clusters can help transform Korea's economy into a creative one. It provides background on Korea's impressive economic success but challenges in maintaining growth. The government's Creative Economy Action Plan aims to establish an ecosystem supporting creativity. Clusters are important building blocks of modern economies and government cluster policies can help address market failures and collective action problems. For Korea to fully realize its innovative potential, it needs to overcome structural barriers that limit dynamism and competition, such as the dominance of large companies. Cluster organizations can play a role in supporting Korea's transition by encouraging collaboration and innovation across industries.
TCI 2015 Boosting Cluster & Mini-Cluster-Based Programs in KoreaTCI Network
This document summarizes Korea's cluster and mini-cluster programs. It discusses how Korea shifted from an industrial complex model to an innovation cluster model to boost competitiveness through industry-university collaboration. Mini-clusters were developed, composed of firms, universities, and research institutes in specific sectors, to address risks of large clusters and foster collaboration. Mini-clusters activities facilitated joint R&D projects, increasing sales, employment, and commercialization rates for participating firms compared to non-participants. The programs helped mitigate issues like lock-in and skills mismatches through networking and technology transfer.
TCI 2015 Future Agenda for Cluster Policy in Korea: Towards Global Collaborat...TCI Network
1) The document discusses future directions for Korea's cluster policy, including establishing global partnerships and open innovation clusters to drive economic development.
2) It proposes a Knowledge Spillover Open Network (KSON) model to facilitate technology sharing across firms, universities, and research centers in various industry fields through online and offline platforms.
3) The new cluster policy vision is to strengthen local and global linkages through a regional innovation system based on open networking between industry, academia, and government.
TCI 2015 Evaluating Korean Innovative Cluster Policies: Emerging a New Type o...TCI Network
The document discusses Korean industrial cluster policies and their evolution over time. It makes three key points:
1) Korean policies have shifted from top-down decentralization in the 1970s-80s to bottom-up policies focused on developing regional endogenous potentials through SME collaboration. The government established industrial complexes to foster growth.
2) Korean policies have overcome the dichotomy between exogenous and endogenous growth theories by playing an active role in shaping industrial development. The government guided clusters from simple production to R&D and innovative models.
3) Korean cluster policies have established regional innovation infrastructure but now face challenges developing collaborative networks and long-term planning. New approaches are needed to strengthen horizontal and vertical linkages within innovative
TCI 2014 Future Cluster Policy in KoreaTCI Network
1) The document discusses Korea's future cluster policy goals of establishing globally collaborative clusters to strengthen industrial competitiveness.
2) Key aspects of Korea's cluster model are highlighted, including "mini-clusters" of SMEs, universities and research institutes in specific industries, and "theme clusters" focused on specialized production collaboration.
3) The document advocates for a new direction for Korea's cluster policy centered around open innovation and global partnerships through a "Knowledge Spillover Open Network" to facilitate knowledge sharing between firms, universities and government.
TCI 2015 Korean Technopark’s Clustering Role and Development Direction TCI Network
This document discusses the changing role of Korean technoparks and the direction for their future development. It covers the evolution of Korean industrial complex policies from initially providing industrial lots to now focusing on creating regional innovation clusters through technoparks. The document also discusses concepts related to clusters, such as industrial districts and industry clusters. Finally, it describes how cluster types in Korea have diversified and changed along with the stages of industrial economic development, from exporting industrial complexes to now establishing innovation-focused technoparks.
TCI 2015 Clusters for Competitiveness: Mobilizing the Power of Modern Cluster...TCI Network
This document discusses clusters and cluster policy. It argues that clusters are important for competitiveness and innovation. Modern cluster policies aim to encourage collaboration within industries and address market failures. The document reviews research showing clusters positively impact economic outcomes. Effective cluster policies create platforms for joint industry action, organize public policy around clusters, and support upgrading competitiveness. Critical factors for successful cluster initiatives include strong industry networks, strategic agendas, and operational effectiveness. The document advocates broadening cluster programs and changing the relationship between initiatives and government.
Policy framework and institutional arrangements for productivity_Turkey_Produ...Structuralpolicyanalysis
The Directorate General for Productivity (DGP) in Turkey was established in 1965 and restructured in 2011 to improve competitiveness and sustainable economic development through productivity. The DGP develops productivity policies and strategies, conducts research, monitors and evaluates productivity changes, and promotes productivity awareness. It has four departments and aims to measure and improve productivity through technical assistance, training, incentives programs, and awareness campaigns. Turkey's policy documents emphasize productivity, including the 10th National Development Plan and the 2015-2018 Productivity Strategy and Action Plan. The Productivity Strategy focuses on workforce skills, business climate, sustainable production, and innovation.
Dr.Andrea Goldstein - Developing Industrial Cluster and The Role of InvestmentIra Tobing
This document summarizes an OECD workshop on developing industrial clusters through investment. It discusses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and how it can be used to benchmark investment policies. The PFI covers 10 policy areas affecting investment and provides principles for an environment that supports all investors. The document also summarizes an OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar that identified recommendations to streamline approval processes, reduce restrictions, and promote responsible business conduct.
TCI 2015 Boosting Cluster & Mini-Cluster-Based Programs in KoreaTCI Network
This document summarizes Korea's cluster and mini-cluster programs. It discusses how Korea shifted from an industrial complex model to an innovation cluster model to boost competitiveness through industry-university collaboration. Mini-clusters were developed, composed of firms, universities, and research institutes in specific sectors, to address risks of large clusters and foster collaboration. Mini-clusters activities facilitated joint R&D projects, increasing sales, employment, and commercialization rates for participating firms compared to non-participants. The programs helped mitigate issues like lock-in and skills mismatches through networking and technology transfer.
TCI 2015 Future Agenda for Cluster Policy in Korea: Towards Global Collaborat...TCI Network
1) The document discusses future directions for Korea's cluster policy, including establishing global partnerships and open innovation clusters to drive economic development.
2) It proposes a Knowledge Spillover Open Network (KSON) model to facilitate technology sharing across firms, universities, and research centers in various industry fields through online and offline platforms.
3) The new cluster policy vision is to strengthen local and global linkages through a regional innovation system based on open networking between industry, academia, and government.
TCI 2015 Evaluating Korean Innovative Cluster Policies: Emerging a New Type o...TCI Network
The document discusses Korean industrial cluster policies and their evolution over time. It makes three key points:
1) Korean policies have shifted from top-down decentralization in the 1970s-80s to bottom-up policies focused on developing regional endogenous potentials through SME collaboration. The government established industrial complexes to foster growth.
2) Korean policies have overcome the dichotomy between exogenous and endogenous growth theories by playing an active role in shaping industrial development. The government guided clusters from simple production to R&D and innovative models.
3) Korean cluster policies have established regional innovation infrastructure but now face challenges developing collaborative networks and long-term planning. New approaches are needed to strengthen horizontal and vertical linkages within innovative
TCI 2014 Future Cluster Policy in KoreaTCI Network
1) The document discusses Korea's future cluster policy goals of establishing globally collaborative clusters to strengthen industrial competitiveness.
2) Key aspects of Korea's cluster model are highlighted, including "mini-clusters" of SMEs, universities and research institutes in specific industries, and "theme clusters" focused on specialized production collaboration.
3) The document advocates for a new direction for Korea's cluster policy centered around open innovation and global partnerships through a "Knowledge Spillover Open Network" to facilitate knowledge sharing between firms, universities and government.
TCI 2015 Korean Technopark’s Clustering Role and Development Direction TCI Network
This document discusses the changing role of Korean technoparks and the direction for their future development. It covers the evolution of Korean industrial complex policies from initially providing industrial lots to now focusing on creating regional innovation clusters through technoparks. The document also discusses concepts related to clusters, such as industrial districts and industry clusters. Finally, it describes how cluster types in Korea have diversified and changed along with the stages of industrial economic development, from exporting industrial complexes to now establishing innovation-focused technoparks.
TCI 2015 Clusters for Competitiveness: Mobilizing the Power of Modern Cluster...TCI Network
This document discusses clusters and cluster policy. It argues that clusters are important for competitiveness and innovation. Modern cluster policies aim to encourage collaboration within industries and address market failures. The document reviews research showing clusters positively impact economic outcomes. Effective cluster policies create platforms for joint industry action, organize public policy around clusters, and support upgrading competitiveness. Critical factors for successful cluster initiatives include strong industry networks, strategic agendas, and operational effectiveness. The document advocates broadening cluster programs and changing the relationship between initiatives and government.
Policy framework and institutional arrangements for productivity_Turkey_Produ...Structuralpolicyanalysis
The Directorate General for Productivity (DGP) in Turkey was established in 1965 and restructured in 2011 to improve competitiveness and sustainable economic development through productivity. The DGP develops productivity policies and strategies, conducts research, monitors and evaluates productivity changes, and promotes productivity awareness. It has four departments and aims to measure and improve productivity through technical assistance, training, incentives programs, and awareness campaigns. Turkey's policy documents emphasize productivity, including the 10th National Development Plan and the 2015-2018 Productivity Strategy and Action Plan. The Productivity Strategy focuses on workforce skills, business climate, sustainable production, and innovation.
Dr.Andrea Goldstein - Developing Industrial Cluster and The Role of InvestmentIra Tobing
This document summarizes an OECD workshop on developing industrial clusters through investment. It discusses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and how it can be used to benchmark investment policies. The PFI covers 10 policy areas affecting investment and provides principles for an environment that supports all investors. The document also summarizes an OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar that identified recommendations to streamline approval processes, reduce restrictions, and promote responsible business conduct.
"Towards and OECD productivity network" by Dirk Pilat, Global Dialogue on the Future of Productivity: Towards an OECD Productivity Network, 6-7 July 2015, Mexico.
#TCI2019 Keynote Elvira Haezendonck -The maturity level of your cluster organ...TCI Network
The document discusses how government policies should evolve to support clusters as they mature. It proposes that clusters can be measured on a maturity scale based on factors like industry scale, structure, and networks. Policies should focus on different areas depending on whether a cluster is emerging, growing, or mature. For emerging clusters, policies could improve factor conditions and demand. Growing clusters may benefit from initiatives to stimulate competition, cooperation, and skills. Mature clusters may need policies that eliminate rigidities and support innovation to avoid decline. The role of government is also seen as evolving from direct assistance to an indirect role of facilitating collaboration as clusters become more advanced.
Ukraine: National Export Strategy Consultation. Innovation - An International...Subhrendu Chatterji
Introductory presentation to Ukranian National Export Strategy consultation participants on concepts re developing an export-oriented national innovation system and policies.
Institutions to promote pro productivity policies logic and lessons_Gary Bank...Structuralpolicyanalysis
"Institutions to promote pro productivity policies logic and lessons" by Gary Banksi, Global Dialogue on the Future of Productivity: Towards an OECD Productivity Network, 6-7 July 2015, Mexico.
The document summarizes discussions from a seminar on establishing the MENA Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (MCREEE). Key points include:
1) There is interest in South-South cooperation on renewable energy and energy efficiency in the MENA region.
2) Existing regional organizations focus more on North-South cooperation and MCREEE could provide added value through a greater focus on initiatives between MENA countries.
3) Potential activities and target groups for MCREEE were discussed, including policy work, technology transfer, public-private partnerships, and training.
4) Criteria for the structure of MCREEE were proposed, such as regional governance, autonomy, and long
Keynote #TCI2019 Christian Ketels - Towards a new European Industrial Policy:...TCI Network
The document discusses Europe's economic challenges and proposes an ambitious new industrial strategy and cluster-based approach. It notes Europe is experiencing a manufacturing downturn due to global trade tensions. While short-term policies aim to stimulate growth, long-term challenges like aging demographics, low productivity growth, and technological disruption remain. The document argues an industrial strategy should enhance framework conditions, target specific sectors, and leverage clusters to collectively address challenges. Success will require recognizing demands on cluster organizations and capabilities.
11_Lect_New Directions in Economic GeographyPrivate
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics in economic geography and innovation. It discusses concepts like slow innovation, mission-oriented policies, and examples of smart specialization strategies. The document notes that innovation can occur in non-urban areas through local knowledge and networks. Slow innovators may rely less on interactions and instead focus on long-term, stable environments. Small and medium-sized towns can drive regional growth. Lagging regions still contribute to economic development. Mission-oriented policies address societal challenges through public and private partnerships across sectors.
TCI 2015 Industry Clusters and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Competing Agendas ...TCI Network
This document discusses the differences and potential integration of industry clusters and entrepreneurial ecosystems. It defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field that compete but also cooperate. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are defined as a set of interconnected entrepreneurial actors and organizations that formally and informally work together. While clusters emerge from existing competitive advantages and firms are embedded in industry dynamics, entrepreneurial ecosystems create new competitive advantages and allow firms to occupy market gaps. The document proposes that integrating specialization through cluster initiatives with the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems could promote strategic innovation and growth.
Enhancing commercialization of research from universities and public research...The Scinnovent Centre
This document discusses enhancing the commercialization of research from universities and public research institutes. It presents different technology policy paradigms and situates the discussion within the cooperative technology paradigm. This paradigm emphasizes cooperation between industry, government, and universities/PRIs in technology development. However, evidence from Kenya does not support this paradigm, as industry performs much more innovation than universities/PRIs. This implies the need to rethink the policy approach and incentives for universities/PRIs and private sector to better fit the paradigm. The document proposes various changes to the innovation policy environment, approaches, organizations, and individuals to reposition universities/PRIs.
Presentation by Gary Gereffi for the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade (KIET) focused on Global Value Chains in Korea. The objective of the collaboration was to identify upgrading opportunities for the Korean economy using a global value chain (GVC) perspective. The presentation highlights Korea’s position in GVCs, key findings from the research and a global perspective on GVCs.
TCIOceania14 Economic & social impacts of clustersTCI Network
Clusters provide economic and social benefits to member businesses. Firms in clusters experience higher value added growth, profitability growth, and wages compared to non-cluster firms. Clusters also increase innovation performance, integration into supply chains, and average wages. Cluster participation boosts the probability of innovation and research collaboration. Strong clusters drive regional employment growth and new industry emergence through connections between related industries.
Manifesto: Adrian Ely - Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A New ManifestoSTEPS Centre
The STEPS Centre Symposium, 26 September 2009, focused on our Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A New Manifesto project. This presentation by Adrian Ely, convenor of the STEPS New Manifesto project, was one of those given at the event. For more information see: www.anewmanifesto.org
ILRI Seminar_Presentation by AHall_Our search for effective research and inno...Food_Systems_Innovation
International agricultural research has long searched for effective models to connect research to innovation and impact with mixed success. This has led to a need to invest in understanding innovation practice through learning rather than reliance on universal models. The document argues that establishing a scientific basis to link multi-stakeholder partnership practice with impact requires a framework and evidence on what works. The CGIAR is well positioned to contribute knowledge on how innovation processes work and to develop practices that enable effective contribution to impact.
Presentation on "Government-Funded Research Institutes in Korea: The Role of ...OECD Governance
Presentation on "Government-Funded Research Institutes in Korea: The Role of National Think Tanks" made at the Meeting on Promoting Public Sector Innovation: The Role of Schools of Government, OECD, 13-14 November 2014
National Innovation Systems & InstitutionsEbru Basak
This document discusses national innovation systems (NIS) from an institutional perspective. It outlines the development of the concept of NIS and defines it as a network of institutions involved in technology development and diffusion within national borders. A systemic approach views innovation as an interactive and cumulative process involving industry, universities, government and other actors. Institutions play key roles in NIS by providing information, managing conflicts, incentivizing innovation, and channeling resources. The functions and components of NIS vary across countries due to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
This document summarizes key aspects of a report on university-industry collaboration and new policies supporting spin-offs. It discusses how recent policy approaches focus on supporting high-potential spin-offs and student entrepreneurship. Public research institutions have developed programs like in-house business incubation and specialized entrepreneurship training to support academic spin-offs. The document also provides case study examples of new policies from various countries that focus on quality, students, and in-house support for spin-offs.
Cluster policies aim to foster regional economic development through supporting the formation and growth of industry clusters. However, evaluating their effectiveness is challenging due to unclear definitions of clusters, attribution of outcomes, and lack of control groups. Most evaluations of cluster policies focus on short-term outputs like increased collaboration rather than long-term economic impacts. A few evaluations found small increases in outcomes like firm innovation and patenting, but effects were sometimes temporary. Overall, conclusively demonstrating the impact of cluster policies on competitiveness and economic growth remains difficult.
This document provides an overview of the OECD project on Innovation for Inclusive Growth and its 2015 report. The project aims to examine how innovation can promote inclusive development. It involved experts from various countries and organizations. The 2015 report focuses on inclusive innovations that improve welfare for disadvantaged groups. It discusses policy approaches to support such innovations and ensure they reach scale. The document outlines challenges like informality, access to expertise and finance, and regulatory issues. It proposes policy responses like cross-government coordination, public-private partnerships, and financial support to foster cooperation across actors and address challenges.
"Towards and OECD productivity network" by Dirk Pilat, Global Dialogue on the Future of Productivity: Towards an OECD Productivity Network, 6-7 July 2015, Mexico.
#TCI2019 Keynote Elvira Haezendonck -The maturity level of your cluster organ...TCI Network
The document discusses how government policies should evolve to support clusters as they mature. It proposes that clusters can be measured on a maturity scale based on factors like industry scale, structure, and networks. Policies should focus on different areas depending on whether a cluster is emerging, growing, or mature. For emerging clusters, policies could improve factor conditions and demand. Growing clusters may benefit from initiatives to stimulate competition, cooperation, and skills. Mature clusters may need policies that eliminate rigidities and support innovation to avoid decline. The role of government is also seen as evolving from direct assistance to an indirect role of facilitating collaboration as clusters become more advanced.
Ukraine: National Export Strategy Consultation. Innovation - An International...Subhrendu Chatterji
Introductory presentation to Ukranian National Export Strategy consultation participants on concepts re developing an export-oriented national innovation system and policies.
Institutions to promote pro productivity policies logic and lessons_Gary Bank...Structuralpolicyanalysis
"Institutions to promote pro productivity policies logic and lessons" by Gary Banksi, Global Dialogue on the Future of Productivity: Towards an OECD Productivity Network, 6-7 July 2015, Mexico.
The document summarizes discussions from a seminar on establishing the MENA Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (MCREEE). Key points include:
1) There is interest in South-South cooperation on renewable energy and energy efficiency in the MENA region.
2) Existing regional organizations focus more on North-South cooperation and MCREEE could provide added value through a greater focus on initiatives between MENA countries.
3) Potential activities and target groups for MCREEE were discussed, including policy work, technology transfer, public-private partnerships, and training.
4) Criteria for the structure of MCREEE were proposed, such as regional governance, autonomy, and long
Keynote #TCI2019 Christian Ketels - Towards a new European Industrial Policy:...TCI Network
The document discusses Europe's economic challenges and proposes an ambitious new industrial strategy and cluster-based approach. It notes Europe is experiencing a manufacturing downturn due to global trade tensions. While short-term policies aim to stimulate growth, long-term challenges like aging demographics, low productivity growth, and technological disruption remain. The document argues an industrial strategy should enhance framework conditions, target specific sectors, and leverage clusters to collectively address challenges. Success will require recognizing demands on cluster organizations and capabilities.
11_Lect_New Directions in Economic GeographyPrivate
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics in economic geography and innovation. It discusses concepts like slow innovation, mission-oriented policies, and examples of smart specialization strategies. The document notes that innovation can occur in non-urban areas through local knowledge and networks. Slow innovators may rely less on interactions and instead focus on long-term, stable environments. Small and medium-sized towns can drive regional growth. Lagging regions still contribute to economic development. Mission-oriented policies address societal challenges through public and private partnerships across sectors.
TCI 2015 Industry Clusters and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Competing Agendas ...TCI Network
This document discusses the differences and potential integration of industry clusters and entrepreneurial ecosystems. It defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field that compete but also cooperate. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are defined as a set of interconnected entrepreneurial actors and organizations that formally and informally work together. While clusters emerge from existing competitive advantages and firms are embedded in industry dynamics, entrepreneurial ecosystems create new competitive advantages and allow firms to occupy market gaps. The document proposes that integrating specialization through cluster initiatives with the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems could promote strategic innovation and growth.
Enhancing commercialization of research from universities and public research...The Scinnovent Centre
This document discusses enhancing the commercialization of research from universities and public research institutes. It presents different technology policy paradigms and situates the discussion within the cooperative technology paradigm. This paradigm emphasizes cooperation between industry, government, and universities/PRIs in technology development. However, evidence from Kenya does not support this paradigm, as industry performs much more innovation than universities/PRIs. This implies the need to rethink the policy approach and incentives for universities/PRIs and private sector to better fit the paradigm. The document proposes various changes to the innovation policy environment, approaches, organizations, and individuals to reposition universities/PRIs.
Presentation by Gary Gereffi for the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade (KIET) focused on Global Value Chains in Korea. The objective of the collaboration was to identify upgrading opportunities for the Korean economy using a global value chain (GVC) perspective. The presentation highlights Korea’s position in GVCs, key findings from the research and a global perspective on GVCs.
TCIOceania14 Economic & social impacts of clustersTCI Network
Clusters provide economic and social benefits to member businesses. Firms in clusters experience higher value added growth, profitability growth, and wages compared to non-cluster firms. Clusters also increase innovation performance, integration into supply chains, and average wages. Cluster participation boosts the probability of innovation and research collaboration. Strong clusters drive regional employment growth and new industry emergence through connections between related industries.
Manifesto: Adrian Ely - Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A New ManifestoSTEPS Centre
The STEPS Centre Symposium, 26 September 2009, focused on our Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A New Manifesto project. This presentation by Adrian Ely, convenor of the STEPS New Manifesto project, was one of those given at the event. For more information see: www.anewmanifesto.org
ILRI Seminar_Presentation by AHall_Our search for effective research and inno...Food_Systems_Innovation
International agricultural research has long searched for effective models to connect research to innovation and impact with mixed success. This has led to a need to invest in understanding innovation practice through learning rather than reliance on universal models. The document argues that establishing a scientific basis to link multi-stakeholder partnership practice with impact requires a framework and evidence on what works. The CGIAR is well positioned to contribute knowledge on how innovation processes work and to develop practices that enable effective contribution to impact.
Presentation on "Government-Funded Research Institutes in Korea: The Role of ...OECD Governance
Presentation on "Government-Funded Research Institutes in Korea: The Role of National Think Tanks" made at the Meeting on Promoting Public Sector Innovation: The Role of Schools of Government, OECD, 13-14 November 2014
National Innovation Systems & InstitutionsEbru Basak
This document discusses national innovation systems (NIS) from an institutional perspective. It outlines the development of the concept of NIS and defines it as a network of institutions involved in technology development and diffusion within national borders. A systemic approach views innovation as an interactive and cumulative process involving industry, universities, government and other actors. Institutions play key roles in NIS by providing information, managing conflicts, incentivizing innovation, and channeling resources. The functions and components of NIS vary across countries due to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
This document summarizes key aspects of a report on university-industry collaboration and new policies supporting spin-offs. It discusses how recent policy approaches focus on supporting high-potential spin-offs and student entrepreneurship. Public research institutions have developed programs like in-house business incubation and specialized entrepreneurship training to support academic spin-offs. The document also provides case study examples of new policies from various countries that focus on quality, students, and in-house support for spin-offs.
Cluster policies aim to foster regional economic development through supporting the formation and growth of industry clusters. However, evaluating their effectiveness is challenging due to unclear definitions of clusters, attribution of outcomes, and lack of control groups. Most evaluations of cluster policies focus on short-term outputs like increased collaboration rather than long-term economic impacts. A few evaluations found small increases in outcomes like firm innovation and patenting, but effects were sometimes temporary. Overall, conclusively demonstrating the impact of cluster policies on competitiveness and economic growth remains difficult.
This document provides an overview of the OECD project on Innovation for Inclusive Growth and its 2015 report. The project aims to examine how innovation can promote inclusive development. It involved experts from various countries and organizations. The 2015 report focuses on inclusive innovations that improve welfare for disadvantaged groups. It discusses policy approaches to support such innovations and ensure they reach scale. The document outlines challenges like informality, access to expertise and finance, and regulatory issues. It proposes policy responses like cross-government coordination, public-private partnerships, and financial support to foster cooperation across actors and address challenges.
The document discusses clusters, which are geographic concentrations of related companies and institutions in a particular field. Clusters arise because they raise productivity by providing local assets and access to other firms and infrastructure. Location affects competitive advantage through its influence on productivity and productivity growth. The development of well-functioning clusters is essential for moving economies to an advanced stage. Clusters increase productivity, innovation capacity, and stimulate new business growth. Government policy can focus on removing constraints to improve cluster productivity rather than distorting competition. Micro-cluster initiatives in Catalonia identified industry strengths and weaknesses, created consensus visions, and strategies to improve market access and upgrading.
The document provides an overview of cluster foundations and fundamentals of cluster management. It begins with definitions of key cluster-related terms and concepts. It then discusses characteristics of successful clusters through examples like the Danish wind energy cluster and Singapore's former dominance in hard disk production. Frameworks for analyzing clusters are presented, including their composition, size, funding, industries, and legal forms. The importance of mapping cluster actors and analyzing their demands is emphasized. Developing synergies between actors and a demand-oriented services spectrum are seen as important lessons. Standard services cluster managers can provide are also outlined, such as information sharing, training, internationalization support, and initiating cooperation.
This document discusses how clusters and value chains can help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Abu Dhabi upgrade and remain competitive. It covers:
1) How SMEs can upgrade through innovation to compete internationally.
2) How participation in clusters and collective efficiency can benefit SMEs through local linkages and knowledge spillovers.
3) How engagement in value chains through linkages with large buyers and suppliers provides opportunities for SME upgrading.
4) The policy implications of supporting SMEs in clusters and value chains, such as developing skills, innovation, and networks.
The document discusses economic freedom, creativity, and development. It defines economic freedom as the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights. Creativity is defined as the process of generating and transforming ideas into valued products, and creative industries are knowledge-based activities that utilize creativity. The document examines factors that influence creativity and innovation such as demand conditions, factor conditions like human capital and technology, clusters, government policy, and competitiveness. It provides data on countries' economic freedom, innovation index rankings, and recommendations to promote creativity through policies like increasing R&D funding and industry-academic linkages.
This document analyzes industry clusters in Loudoun County through a review of employment data and location quotients. It identifies the county's strongest clusters as Aviation, Cargo, and Logistics and Information and Communications Technologies. The Life Science cluster is also growing. Other notable clusters and overlays discussed include Federal and Government Contractors and international business presence. The document provides an overview of cluster analysis methodology and summaries of the key clusters in Loudoun County.
OECD workshop on measuring the link between public procurement, R&D and innov...STIEAS
OECD workshop on measuring the link between public procurement, R&D and innovation. "Demand side Innovation Policy: a systems Perspective". Presentation by Mario Cervantes
How to support clusters - Cluster Support Policies and CLUSTERS3 INTERREG Eur...Ekonomikas ministrija
How to support clusters - Cluster Support Policies and CLUSTERS3 INTERREG Europe project presentation
Mr. David Fernández Terreros, Clusters Coordination and Research, SPRI – Basque Country Business Development Agency
Clusters, Cluster Initiatives, and How they Matter for Firms and Regionscketels
What do we know about the impact of cluster presence and cluster initiatives on firms and regions? And what are lessons to draw for BioRN and the German Spitzenclustercompetition. Food for Thought at the 2014 BioRN Annual Conference in Heidelberg, Germany
Cluster basics: What clusters should we pickTCI Network
This document discusses the wrong approach of selecting specific clusters as the focus of economic development efforts.
It argues that picking clusters is close to an flawed view that does not address the underlying needs of nations and regions. Selecting a few clusters can politically alienate other industries, bias policy towards limiting competition, and lead down a path of improper industrial policy intervention.
The document proposes that the right questions are what priorities will increase productivity and how to act on them. This focuses economic development on improving the overall business environment and microeconomic foundations to benefit all industries, with clusters playing an important role in identifying issues and new government and industry roles, rather than being the sole target.
This document outlines a model for 21st century innovation intermediaries that aim to accelerate innovation and drive regional economic growth. It discusses how traditional technology-based economic development models are outdated and must shift focus to innovation. The proposed model centers on connecting regional talent, technologies, and resources to collaborate on innovation. It also discusses functions of innovation intermediaries in convening regions and accelerating technologies to market. The best practice of Innovation Philadelphia is provided as an example that established programs to connect the regional innovation economy and fill gaps.
MSc. Social Science Research Methods PresentationGavin Harper
Presentation given at the ESRC Centre for Business Relationships Accountability, Sustainability & Society on 18 November 2008. On the content of my MSc. Social Science Research Methods thesis \'The UK and California: A Comparative Analysis of Fuel Cell Industry Clusters\'.
Future of manufacturing: a new era of opportunity and challenge for the UK - ...bis_foresight
Foresight project looking at the long-term picture for the UK manufacturing sector between now and 2050.
Read the summary report here: http://www.slideshare.net/bis_foresight/13-810futuremanufacturingsummaryreport
For more information, see: http://bit.ly/FoMn
The document discusses the importance of strategic planning for business success. It defines a business organization and how it creates wealth by taking inputs from one market and transforming them into outputs for another market. A business organization is like a system with predetermined behaviors from its members. Its success depends on forces in the external environment like technological, social, regulatory, and competitive factors. These forces are constantly changing, so strategic planning is needed to minimize the impact of discontinuities from environmental changes.
This presentation by Chiara Criscuolo, Head of Division Productivity Innovation and Entrepreneurship Division, Science Technology, and Innovation Directorate, was made during the discussion “The Relationship between Competition and Innovation” held at the 140th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on the 14th of June 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/rbci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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1. Transforming Korea into a Creative
Economy: The Role of Clusters
1
Dr. Christian H. M. Ketels
Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness
Harvard Business School
President, TCI Network
KICOX 50th Anniversary
15 September 2014
Seoul, South Korea
2. Korea 2014
2
• One of the most impressive
success stories of the last
50 years
– Economy
– Innovative capacity
– Global recognition
• But can the current model
deliver progress for the
next generation?
– Two-tier economy
– Middle class blues
– Demographics
3. Korea’s Answer: The Creative Economy Action Plan
Measures to Establish a Creative Economy Ecosystem
3 Goals
3
6 Strategies
24 Tasks
Changing the
business
environment
Fostering
collaboration
4. Becoming A Creative Economy: The Role of Clusters
• Clusters, Creativity, and Economic Performance – what do we know?
• Cluster-based Economic Policy – what works?
4
• Implications for Korea and KICOX
5. Clusters are the Building Blocks of Modern Economies
Related Industries + Geographic Proximity + Linkages
5
6. Regional Economies have Distinct Cluster Portfolios
Leading Clusters by US Regions
6
Boston, MA-NH
Analytical Instruments
Education and Knowledge Creation
Biopharmaceuticals
Medical Devices
San Jose-San Francisco, CA
Business Services
Information Technology
Agricultural Products
Communications Equipment
Biopharmaceuticals
Los Angeles, CA
Entertainment
Apparel
Distribution Services
Hospitality and Tourism
New York, NY-NJ-CT-PA
Financial Services
Biopharmaceuticals
Jewelry and Precious Metals
Publishing and Printing
Seattle, WA
Aerospace Vehicles and Defense
Information Technology
Entertainment
Fishing and Fishing Products
Chicago, IL-IN-WI
Metal Manufacturing
Lighting and Electrical Equipment
Production Technology
Plastics
Denver, CO
Business Services
Medical Devices
Entertainment
Oil and Gas Products and Services
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Education and Knowledge Creation
Biopharmaceuticals
Communications Equipment
Textiles
Pittsburgh, PA
Education and Knowledge Creation
Metal Manufacturing
Chemical Products
Power Generation and Transmission
San Diego, CA
Medical Devices
Analytical Instruments
Hospitality and Tourism
Education and Knowledge Creation
Atlanta, GA
Transportation and Logistics
Textiles
Motor Driven Products
Construction Materials
Dallas
Aerospace Vehicles and Defense
Oil and Gas Products and Services
Information Technology
Transportation and Logistics
Houston, TX
Oil and Gas Products and Services
Chemical Products
Heavy Construction Services
Transportation and Logistics
Source: Prof. Michael E. Porter, Cluster Mapping Project, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Harvard Business School; Richard
Bryden, Project Director.
7. Linkages Across Clusters
7
Plastics
Oil and
Gas
Chemical
Products
Pharma-ceuticals
Aerospace
Vehicles &
Defense
Lightning &
Electrical
Equipment
Power
Generation
Financial
Services
Publishing
and Printing
Hospitality
and Tourism
Leather
and
Sporting
Goods
Entertainment
Education
and
Knowledge
Creation
Information
Technology
Transportation
and Logistics
Communi-cations
Equipment
Medical
Devices
Analytical
Instruments
Apparel
Agricultural
Products
Processe
d Food
Furniture
Building
Fixtures,
Equipme
nt and
Services
Sporting,
Recreation
and Children’s
Goods
Business
Services
Distribution
Services
Fishing &
Fishing
Products
Footwear
Forest
Products
Heavy
Construction
Services
Jewelry
&
Precious
Metals
Construction
Materials
Prefabricated
Enclosures
Textiles
Tobacco
Heavy
Machinery
Aerospace
Engines
Automotive
Production
Technology
Motor Driven
Products
Metal
Manufacturing
8. Quantifying the Importance of Clusters
• Close to 50% of U.S. private payroll, 96% of patents, and (by
definition) 100% of exports are generated in economic sectors that
‘cluster’ in specific locations
• In the US and Europe, roughly 15% of employment (45% of all
cluster employment) is in strong clusters; i.e. regional clusters with
8
significant critical mass
9. Cluster Presence and Economic Outcomes
Prosperity Entrepreneurship Structural Change
9
Positive correlation between
share of regional
employment in strong
clusters (breadth of clusters;
related cluster strength) and:
•Wages
• Productivity
• Job growth/resilience
• Patenting
Positive correlation between
share of regional
employment in strong
clusters (strength of related
cluster) and:
• New business formation
in new/existing industries
• Survival of new firms
• Job growth in new firms
Path of structural change
(emergence of new clusters)
in regional economies is
driven by legacy of
composition (portfolio of
existing clusters)
e.g. Porter (2003), Greenstone (2008).
Delgado/Porter/Stern (2012),
Ketels/Protsiv (2013), Aharonson et al
(2013)
e.g., Delgado/Porter/Stern (2011),
Lindqvist/ Wennerberg (2008)
e.g., Neffke et al (2009);
Boschma et al. (2013)
10. Clusters and Business Environment Quality
10
WEAK
Business Environment
STRONG
Business Environment
Specialization measured by employment LQ
Impact of higher
employment LQ
on wages
1
Source: Ketels/Protsiv, 2013
3
2
11. The Case for Cluster-Based Economic Development
11
• Clusters emerge naturally in the
market process
BUT
• Collaboration within a cluster is
beneficial yet not automatic;
government can help to alleviate
collective action problems
• Government policies are motivated
by market failures, not the
presence of clusters alone
BUT
• The effectiveness of these policies
can be enhanced by focusing them
on clusters, aligning them with the
common needs of groups of firms
Encouraging
collective action
in clusters
Organizing
government policies
around clusters
15. Types of Cluster Organizations
Different Models of Public-Private Engagement
15
MassMEDIC
Boston
Aerospace
Hamburg
Clusterland
Upper Austria
• Founded by
private sector-leaders
on their
own initiative
• Led by
companies
• Core financing
through
membership fees
• Founded by
companies in
response to
public program
• Led by
companies
• Core financing
through public
programs
• Founded by
public sector
• Run as quasi-public
entity
serving firms
• Core financing
through public
budget
Initiative
Operation
Funding
16. Cluster Efforts and the Creative Economy
Action Domains
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Channel to support
effective upgrading of
the Business
Environment
Platform for collective
action to mobilize
creativity across all
sectors of the
economy
Mechanism to
strengthen specific
new groups of
related creative
industries
17. Translating the Cluster Approach to the Korean Context
• History of successful government-led development
– Government provided sharp, market-based incentives
– Development of industries in line with evolving competitive
advantages
– Alignment of industry support with competitiveness upgrading
• National specialization in specific industries
• Collaboration in chaebols instead of clusters of independent firms
• Strong regional concentration of economic activity around Seoul
• The learnings from cluster research in other parts of the world are highly
relevant to South Korea
• But the policy conclusions drawn will need to reflect the country’s
specific circumstances
17
18. Cluster Policy in Three Different Contexts
• Cluster initiatives are
often public sector
initiated
18
• Clusters have
emerged in a market-driven
process
• Cluster initiatives are
bottom-up, often
private sector driven
• Clusters have
emerged in a market-driven
processer
• Industry
specialization has
been driven by
government policies
• Cluster initiatives are
often public sector
initiated
Government-driven
Market-driven
19. Cluster Policy to Foster Innovation and Creativity
From Hard Infrastructure to Soft Linkages
Changing roles of the support organization
Changing demands on its skills and capabilities
19
Dedicated infrastructure
and incentives
Technology transfer
and linkages
• From service provider to
facilitator
• Developing a strategic
positioning for the cluster
• Packaging of available
policy instruments
Cluster engagement
and support
20. New Tasks for Korean Cluster Organizations
• Move beyond the geographical boundaries of industrial parks and
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the companies they host
• Strengthen two-way interaction between the cluster and government
– What does government have to offer that the cluster can use?
– What should government do to enhance the cluster’s
competitiveness?
• Facilitate collaboration among companies in the cluster
• Develop linkages to related clusters, at home and abroad
• Connect clusters to regional competitiveness efforts
• Move from providing cluster services to encouraging cluster efforts
22. Korea’s Competitiveness Profile 2013
Macro (42)
Political Institutions
(97)
Rule of Law
(57)
Human Development
(38)
Context for Strategy and
Rivalry (80)
Related and Supporting
Industries (27)
Demand Conditions
(23)
Factor Input Conditions
(26)
Micro (30)
Comm. (9)
Innov (23)
CLUSTER
Logistic. (12) Skills (27) Capital (80)
GDP pc (26)
GCI (33)
Social Infra-structure
and Pol.
Institutions (51)
Macroeconomic
Policy (1)
National Business
Environment (32)
Company Operations
and Strategy
(26)
Source: Unpublished data from the Global Competitiveness Report (2013), author’s
analysis.
Significant
advantage
Moderate
advantage
Neutral
Moderate
disadvantage
Significant
disadvantage
Admin (33)
24. Korea’s Current Challenge – Is More Creativity Enough?
Putting Cluster Efforts into Context
• Korea is facing a broader transformation as an economy and society
• Korea does NOT lack the ideas or creativity for this transformation
– Korea has made impressive strides in building its innovative capacity
– Korean companies are competing globally on innovation and brand
– The Korean Wave is one sign of the country’s creative power
• But Korea needs to overcome structural barriers that limit the potential
24
for these assets to be fully utilized
The export-oriented industries
remained overly dominated by a few
Korean MNCs
The domestic economy lacks
dynamism and competitive pressure
for structural change
25. Korea’s Current Challenge – Is More Creativity Enough?
Putting Cluster Efforts into Context
• The government’s ‘Creative Economy Action Plan’ is already outlining
an agenda that is much broader than ‘more creativity’
• But more clarity in communicating how Korea needs to change would
25
be helpful to ensure impact…
• …and some additional efforts on opening up local industries and
dominant companies might be needed
• Cluster efforts and support organizations like KICOX can then play a
critical role in supporting Korea’s new growth path
27. New Tasks for South Korea’s Cluster Policy
• Existing Korean cluster efforts in science-driven special economic zones
have achieved measurable success
• But achieving full impact in the future will require more than increasing
the number and size of the existing efforts
• Encourage innovation in non-science driven areas
• Encourage the bottom-up emergence of cluster organizations
• Organize government activities in other policy areas (workforce skill
upgrading, investment attraction, …) around clusters
27
28. Creative Economy Action Plan
Six Strategies
▲ Creating an economic ecosystem where creativity is fairly rewarded
where business startups are easier (strategy 1)
▲ Promoting venture capital firms and small-to-medium businesses playing
a leading role in the creative economy and make inroads into global
markets (strategy 2)
▲ Creating the growth engine for pioneering new industry and markets
(strategy 3)
▲ Fostering the global creative human capital talent who have the vision
and wherewithal to become a vital part of the creative economy (strategy 4)
▲ Expanding the nation’s science technology and ICT innovation
capabilities, which lay the foundation for the creative economy (strategy 5)
▲ Initiating the creative economic culture that promotes the involvement of
both government and people (strategy 6)
http://english.mosf.go.kr/eco/view.do?bcd=E0005&vbcd=N0001&seq=3289
&bPage=1
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