Interdental Wiring for Mandibular Fracture Repair
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Online Courses 24/7 Access: http://veterinarydentistry.net/courseswebinars/veterinary-webinars-on-demand/ Interdental wiring for mandibular fracture repair in veterinary dentistry
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At the end of this session you should be able to:
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Describe Fracture healing (Primary vs Secondary bone healing)
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This document discusses condylar fractures, including signs and symptoms, diagnostic aids, imaging techniques, treatment protocols, and surgical approaches. Common signs are pain, limited jaw movement, muscle spasms, jaw deviation, and malocclusion. Diagnostic aids include panoramic x-rays, CT scans, and MRI. Treatment may involve physical therapy, closed reduction with jaw fixation, open reduction with plates or screws, or endoscopic-assisted reduction. Surgical approaches for open reduction are preauricular for the condylar head or retromandibular for the neck.
Transistor as a switch
Transistors can be used as switches by operating them in either saturation or cut-off regions. In saturation, the transistor is fully on with maximum collector current and minimum voltage drop. In cut-off, it is fully off with zero collector current and maximum voltage. Transistor switches allow interfacing low voltage digital logic to devices requiring higher voltages and currents, and can be used to control lamps, relays, motors and other loads. The base resistor value must be calculated to fully turn the transistor on above a given input voltage.
Signals and system notes
This very short document does not contain enough substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It contains only a few words that do not provide any clear meaning or context.
DAC , Digital to analog Converter
A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) converts a digital code, usually binary, into an analog signal like voltage or current. It works opposite of an analog-to-digital converter. A DAC filters a sequence of impulses representing the digital input into a continuously varying output voltage. Key characteristics of DACs include resolution, offset and gain errors, and monotonicity. DACs are important because they allow digital devices like computers to interface with analog systems in the real world.
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