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Interactive value formation 
and customer experience
Linking customer experience 
to the service logic 
Revisiting the value concept
Non-interactive value formation 
• Value is: 
- Embedded in offerings that 
companies produce 
- Objectively measureable 
- The price that the customer 
pays 
(Bagozi, 1975; Hunt, 1976; Kotler, 1972) 
Interactive value formation 
• Value is: 
- Co-created 
- “An interactive relativistic 
preference experience” 
- Subjectively evaluated in the 
social context 
(Edvardsson et al., 2011; Holbrook, 2006, 
p. 212)
Two definitions of value 
“idiosyncratic, experiential, contextual, 
and meaning laden” 
Vargo and Lusch (2008, p. 7) 
“interactive, relativistic, preference experience” 
Holbrook (2006b, p. 212)
Customer experience 
and the service logic 
Definitions and relationships
Service experience: the customer’s view of the service 
Johns (1999) 
“subjective consciousness of consumers 
as they interact with goods and services” 
Oliver and Westbrook (1993, p. 12) 
“the internal and subjective response 
customers have to any direct or 
indirect contact with a company” 
Meyer and Schwager (2007, p. 118) 
“private events that occur in 
response to some stimulation” 
“inherently personal” Schmitt (1999b, p. 60) 
Pine and Gilmore (1998, p. 98)
Customer experience 
• Originates in Hirschman and Holbrook (1982) 
• Customers not only rational decision makers, 
but also engage with offerings emotionally and 
give subjective meaning to them 
• Emerge directly, indirectly and virtually, 
always from interaction between an object 
or an environment and an individual
Customer experience 
Extraodinary experience 
Ordinary experience 
Consumer experience 
Customer experience 
management 
Consumption experience 
Adapted from Carù and Cova (2003)
Value: a cognitive assessment 
of the customer experience 
or 
Customer experience: outcome 
of the value formation process
Interactive value formation 
and customer experience
Jörg Pareigis 
@joergelp 
jorg.pareigis@kau.se 
This work is licensed under a Creative 
Commons Attribution 4.0 International 
License.

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Interactive value formation and customer experience

  • 1. Interactive value formation and customer experience
  • 2. Linking customer experience to the service logic Revisiting the value concept
  • 3. Non-interactive value formation • Value is: - Embedded in offerings that companies produce - Objectively measureable - The price that the customer pays (Bagozi, 1975; Hunt, 1976; Kotler, 1972) Interactive value formation • Value is: - Co-created - “An interactive relativistic preference experience” - Subjectively evaluated in the social context (Edvardsson et al., 2011; Holbrook, 2006, p. 212)
  • 4. Two definitions of value “idiosyncratic, experiential, contextual, and meaning laden” Vargo and Lusch (2008, p. 7) “interactive, relativistic, preference experience” Holbrook (2006b, p. 212)
  • 5. Customer experience and the service logic Definitions and relationships
  • 6. Service experience: the customer’s view of the service Johns (1999) “subjective consciousness of consumers as they interact with goods and services” Oliver and Westbrook (1993, p. 12) “the internal and subjective response customers have to any direct or indirect contact with a company” Meyer and Schwager (2007, p. 118) “private events that occur in response to some stimulation” “inherently personal” Schmitt (1999b, p. 60) Pine and Gilmore (1998, p. 98)
  • 7. Customer experience • Originates in Hirschman and Holbrook (1982) • Customers not only rational decision makers, but also engage with offerings emotionally and give subjective meaning to them • Emerge directly, indirectly and virtually, always from interaction between an object or an environment and an individual
  • 8. Customer experience Extraodinary experience Ordinary experience Consumer experience Customer experience management Consumption experience Adapted from Carù and Cova (2003)
  • 9. Value: a cognitive assessment of the customer experience or Customer experience: outcome of the value formation process
  • 10. Interactive value formation and customer experience
  • 11. Jörg Pareigis @joergelp jorg.pareigis@kau.se This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.