The document discusses the concept of intelligence, defining it as the general capacity for reasoning and problem-solving that varies by individual. It classifies intelligence into types such as concrete, social, and abstract intelligence, and introduces the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ) as a measure of cognitive ability. Additionally, it examines the influence of heredity and environment on intelligence, noting the equivalence of IQ scores between genders and the impact of factors like schooling and poverty.

1. INTELLIGENCE
MR. RAJENDRA KASPATE
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR

2. INTRODUCTION
 Intelligence is the general capacity for
comprehension and reasoning that manifests
itself in various ways.
 It consists of an individual's mental or cognitive
ability which helps the person in solving his
actual life problems and leading a happy and
well- contended life.

3. DEFINITION
 Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity
of an individual to think rationally, act
purposefully and deal effectively with the
environment. —Wechsler(1944)
 Intelligence is the ability to master the
information and skills needed to succeed within
a particular culture. —Lolurto(1991)

4. CLASSIFICATION
 Concrete intelligence: This type of intelligence is
applicable for using machines, tools and
instruments.Ex. Mechanics, engineers are
concrete intelligent.
 Social intelligence: It is the ability to understand
social situations and act wisely in human
relationship.Socially intelligent people know the
art of winning friends and influence them.Ex.
Leaders, ministers, salesmen, and diplomats are
socially intelligent.

5. Cont..
 Abstract and general intelligence: It is the ability
to respond to words, numbers and letters etc.This
type of intelligence is required from study of
books literature.Ex. Teachers, lawyers, doctors
and philosophers

6. Gardner’s eight intelligence

7. INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT
 Intelligence quotient (IQ): The abbreviation "IQ" was
coined by the psychologist William Stern.The idea of
intelligence quotient was utilized first in 1916 by Binnet
and Simon test.
 Binnet and Simon used mental age to distinguish
"bright" from"dull"
 children IQ is the ratio between the metal age and
chronological age.
 IQ = MA/CA x 100
 Ex. A 6 years old boy with the mental age of 4.
 IQ = 4/6 x 100 = 66.6

9. Effects of Heredity and Environment
On Intelligence
 Land and seed used to grow the crop.
 While the seed is heredity and the land is environment.
 If the land is infertile, even with the good seed, one can
not have a good crop.Similar with the fertile land if the
poor quality seeds are used the crop will not achieve
the good results.
 As fertile land and good quality seeds are required for
good crops, similarly the heredity and stimulating
environment are necessary for higher intelligence.

10. Cont…
 Gender: Boys and girls tend to be equivalent in most
aspects of intelligence. The average IQ scores of boys
and girls is virtually identical. The extremes (both low
and high ends) are over- represented by boys.
 Schooling.
 Poverty.