The document reports on a survey of Brazilian researchers regarding intellectual property and technology transfer in biological research. The survey examines researchers' attitudes towards patenting, commercialization, technology management offices, and factors that influence their choice of research topics such as public or private funding. The results will be used to develop guidelines to improve technology transfer, innovation, and the relationship between research institutions and the private sector in Brazil.

1. Intellectual Property and Biological Research: Brazilian Researchers Attitudes and Opinions Dr. Marilia Coutinho University of São Paulo - Brazil

3. PRODUCER “ society” Government Organism TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT PRIVATE SECTOR Belongs to an institution that: does the research, transfers or uses its own products producer must find her own way Tech. Management office receives and forwards demands demand Expresses demand demand Seeks the producer Institution hasTech Management Office

7. Does your institution offer general orientation to interested researchers? 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

8. As far as you know, does your institution offer legal support for Intellectual Rights Protection? 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

9. As far as you know, does your institution offer financial support for Intellectual Rights Protection? 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

10. As far as you know, does your institution have a Technology Management Office? 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

11. A few years ago, the Brazilian patent legislation was profoundly changed. This has created new challenges for basic research. We would like to know, if, in your opinion, the following statements are applicable to the Brazilian reality (relative to Questions 5-10): Patenting and publishing are excluding 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

12. Patenting is expensive 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

13. Patenting is equivalent to commercializing the product 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

14. The financial benefits from commercializing a patented product automatically belong to he who has financed the research 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

15. A patent which has been accepted in the United States is valid in the whole world, including Brazil 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

16. To obtain a patent abroad, you must first have it recognized in Brazil 1 - yes 2 - no 8 – I don’t know 9 – I don’t wish to answer

17. Considering now your research activities (relative to Questions 11-17): To which degree have you been influenced by problems presented by the public sector in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

18. To which degree have you been influenced by thematic programs by funding agencies in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

19. To which degree have you been influenced by the probability of commercial application of your results in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

20. To which degree have you been influenced by problems presented by social movements and NGOs in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

21. To which degree have you been influenced by the availability of private funding in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

22. To which degree have you been influenced by problems presented by private or public corporations in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

23. To which degree have you been influenced by known local needs in your region in choosing your research issues? 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - very little 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have any opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

24. We would like to have your opinion about the following questions (relative to questions 18-25). Please indicate to which degree you agree or disagree with the statements bellow. Patenting the products of biological research is wrong 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

25. Patents may be an important financial resource for research, including basic research 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

26. Natural resources belong to humanity and not to the country on which they find themselves 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

27. Natural resources should not be the object of Intellectual Property Protection 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

28. Patenting research results funded with public money should be forbidden 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

29. Firm Intellectual Property Rights regulation drives forth development 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

30. A generalized patenting process of research products will end up creating obstacles to its development 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

31. Research issues should not be determined by external orders or programs 1 - I strongly disagree 2 - I disagree in part 3 - I partly agree 4 - I totally agree 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

32. In your opinion, which of the following statements best represents your institution’s policy concerning researchers’ involvement with the private sector? 1 - strongly encourages 2 - encourages 3 - does not encourage 4 - strongly opposes 7 - I don’t know 9 - I don’t wish to answer

33. We indicate a list of possible results that may develop as a consequence of the involvement of researchers with private corporations (relative to questions 27-36). In your opinion, how much this involvement may contribute to: Decrease professors’ productivity 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

34. Increase the department’s prestige 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

35. Decrease the academic prestige of involved professors 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

36. Increase career opportunities for students 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

37. Put pressure on professors so that they spend too much time with commercial activities 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

38. Open new promising perspectives for research 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

39. Decrease the intellectual interaction and collaborative activity between different research groups 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

40. Increase the frequency of practical applications developments from basic research 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

41. Upgrade research equipment 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

42. Compromise academic objectivity 1 - very much 2 - a little 3 - almost nothing 4 - not at all 7 - I don’t have an opinion 9 - I don’t wish to answer

43. Still about your research activities: in the last three years, did you receive any of the following items from the industrial sector? If so, how important were they to your research? (relative to questions 37-41) Equipment: 1 - essential 2 - very important 3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer

44. Biomaterials (reagents, clones, antibodies, tissues, cell lines, etc.) 1 - essential 2 - very important 3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer

45. Money 1 - essential 2 - very important 3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer

46. Support for students 1 - essential 2 - very important 3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer

47. Travel support and meeting participation 1 - essential 2 - very important 3 - important 4 - not very important 5 - not important 7 - I did not receive any support 9 - I don’t wish to answer

49. Pioneer Biotech Patenteters

52. 3,809524 3,809524 4,074074 4,074074 3,076923 3,076923 4,673913 4,673913 8,92562 8,92562 4,074074 4,074074 4,375 4,375 5 5 2,962963 2,962963 2,222222 2,222222 0,588235 0,588235 1,640625 1,640625 Individual number of advised students/ average number of advised students in her area Individual Bibl. Productivity/ Average Area Productivity