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![PARENTS AS PARTNERS:
Parents to be well versed of their child’s
disability.
To be able to provide a wealth of
information for the planning of the child’s
educational journey.
Parents’ perspective on child’s intellectual
disability: a case study of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan.[University of
Peshawar]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/id-slides-2-150601164340-lva1-app6891/75/Intellectual-Disability-28-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byPakeeza Arif
Intellectual Disability
This document discusses intellectual disability and was prepared by a group including Anoosha Mumtaz, Nimra Parveez, Pakeeza Arif, Sarah Tariq, Sehar Eida, and Urooj Pervaiz. It covers the prevalence of intellectual disability globally and in various countries, etiology, suicide risk factors, available resources and research, and tips for supporting those affected. Key points include the prevalence being approximately 1%, higher risks from certain infections/toxins, trauma or malnutrition prenatally or in early life, and the importance of individualized support plans and developing life skills.
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Intellectual Disability
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- 2. GROUP MEMBERS: AnooshaMumtaz Nimra Parveez Pakeeza Arif Sarah Tariq Sehar Eida Urooj Pervaiz
- 3. OBJECTIVES: Prevalence Etiology Suicide risk Resources andresearch Case dealing
- 4. PREVALENCE RATE OF INTELLECTUALDISABILITY: • According to DSM-5 prevalence rate of intellectual disability is approximately 1%. • Prevalence rate vary bye age. • Prevalence for severs intellectual disability is approximately 6 per 1000.
- 5. PREVALENCE RATE INASIA: The prevalence of intellectual disability in Asia approximately at 0.06-1.3%, with the exception being China at 6.68%. The prevalence ranged from 4.4 to 48.3%. Community management of intellectual disabilities in Pakistan a mixed methods study done by Mirza, Tareen A, Davidson LL and Rahman A In Pakistan reported 19.1/1000 for serious ID to 65/1000 for mild ID.
- 6. PREVALENCE ESTIMATES FROMDIFFERENT COUNTRIES: Countries Prevalence rate (1000 per) Australia (i998 ) 3.3 Canada (2002) 7.2 China (2008 ) 9.3 Norway (1998 ) 5.6 USA (1995) 6.2
- 7. PREVALENCE RATE ACCORDINGTO WHO: The WHO estimate the prevalence of intellectual disability to be between 1% and 3%. It is reported that severe intellectual disability was three time more South Asian. ID three time higher among the Asian community in comparison to the non-Asian community.
- 8. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Highestprevalence was seen in child and adolescent population. A higher ID has been found among male versus female children, approximately 1:5.1. ID Two times more in low and middle income countries compared to high income countries.
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- 11. INFECTIONS AND TOXICAGENTS: Viral encephalitis or genital herpes Syphilis or HIV-I german measles during pregnancy Carbon monoxide and lead may cause brain damage during fetal development or after birth. An excess of alcohol during pregnancy may lead to congenital malformations From incompatibility in blood types between mother and fetus
- 12. TRAUMA ( PHYSICALINJURY) Bleeding within the brain Hypoxia
- 13. IONIZING RADIATIONS: Radiationmay act directly on the fertilized ovum or may produce gene mutations in the sex cells.
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- 15. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: Poverty Family history
- 16. BEHAVIORAL Impulse control-> frustration tolerance Low self esteem
- 17. GESTALT: People with intellectual disabilityare unable to integrate behaviors , feeling, thinking and their actions and intentions are not aligned for optimal mental health.
- 18. PSYCHOANALYTIC Early disturbanceaffects the individual’s experience which leads to disturbed ego structures and ego functions. Examples include: a poorly harmonic identity, frequent bad control of impulses, and/or difficulties tolerating loneliness.
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- 20. People withID have a higher incidence of depression Suicide attempts in this population seem much lower, but they do occur. Sternlicht et al reviewed the charts for all residents of a state school for persons with ID and found 12 adolescents (mean IQ 63, range 48–79), who had attempted suicide or revealed suicidal ideation. SUICIDAL RISKS
- 21. PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTERSTUDY BY HARDAN AND SAHL A retrospective study of 233 patients 12-month period (children and adolescents with developmental disorder) 47 (20%) (34 males, 13 females, mean age 10, and range 4–18 years) had a past or present history of suicide ideation or attempt .
- 22. Out of47 44 had thoughts of suicide Eight had made threats Eight had made a suicidal attempt. Out of the 47 17 (36%) were mild Five (11%) were with moderate intellectual disability. And 22 were affected with severe/profound intellectual disability but only eight had made attempts. 4/233 cases could be said that the patient had the concept of death. In this study there was no mention of past or present physical or sexual abuse, but that does not mean that it did not take place. PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER STUDY BY HARDAN AND SAHL
- 23. RESEARCHES CONDUCTED ONSUICIDAL RATES OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AFFCETED POPULATION IN PAKISTAN: Research conducted reveals that : 80% of people suffering from mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depression & mainly with intellectual disability who commit suicide are the ones who are living in Low & middle-income cities. Another research reveals that: 10%–66% suffers from mild to moderate intellectual disability 0.1% from severe disability
- 24. IS SUICIDAL RISKSHIGHER IN MALES OR FEMALES? W.R.T INTERNATIONAL & PAKISTANI STUDY: A 35-year follow-up study from Finland reveals: That the suicidal rates are significantly low among : males with IDD, at only one-third of the general population risk WHILE females with IDD are at higher suicide risk in general. Study conducted in Faisalabad (PAKISTAN) (1998 to 2001) revealed That the suicide rate of 1.12 per 100 000 was measured which had: male preponderance as compared to women. The peak incidence was: more in men aged 20–29 years.
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- 26. RESOURCE CENTERS ANDRESEARCH More than two fifths of the total disabilities are due to mental illnesses. Between 5-15 % of people with an intellectual disability show behaviors of concern. Out of which only 2-20 % actually receive any kind of behavioral support.
- 27. RESOURCE CENTERS ANDRESEARCHES: In order to help the intellectually disabled people to be able to live independently a number of schools, institutes and organizations have been set up to provide them with the required facilities. Aim: To create awareness.
- 28. PARENTS AS PARTNERS: Parents to be well versed of their child’s disability. To be able to provide a wealth of information for the planning of the child’s educational journey. Parents’ perspective on child’s intellectual disability: a case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan.[University of Peshawar]
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- 30. FACILITIES AVAILABLE Individualized educationalprogram, communication, vocational training, speech therapy, social training.
- 31. People with intellectualdisabilities if receive adequate guidance and support can make great use of their abilities and skills.
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- 33. PREVENTIVE CARE: Adaptiveequipment Written plans Psychological treatments
- 34. CASE MANAGEMENT: Familysupport Vocational programs Day programs Residential options Early intervention Special education Transition services
- 35. The more youknow the better advocate you can be for your child Give Your child Their space Provide guidance when it’s needed Stay involved and build social skills of your child Get to know other parents of intellectually disabled children
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- 38. SPECIAL EDUCATION ANDRELATED SERVICES
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- 42. TIPS FOR TEACHERS: Learn as much as you can about intellectual disability Recognize that you can make an enormous difference in this student’s life! Be a part of student’s IEP team, and If you are not part of the student’s IEP team, ask for a copy of his or her IEP Be as concrete as possible Break longer, new tasks into small steps immediate feedback Teach the student life skills Work together with the student’s parents and other school personnel
- 43. TIPS FOR PARENTS: Meet with the school and develop an IEP to address your child’s needs Learn about intellectual disability Be patient, be hopeful Give your child chores Give your child frequent feedback. Find out what skills your child is learning at school. Parents Group Take pleasure in your beautiful one