This presentation consists of major insect pests of sugarcane in India and their management by means of Integrated Pest management approach.

3. The word 'sugar' is known to have derived
from the Sanskrit word sharkara.
Sugarcane is scientifically known as Saccharam
officinarum
It is believed to be originated from South and
South-East Asia
India is the second largest producer of cane
sugar next to Brazil
Sugarcane is infested by 287 species of insect and
non insect pests.
Out of them, 14 are major pests of sugarcane in
India

5. What is IPM?
Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem-
based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests
or their damage through a combination of techniques such as
biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of
cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties.
How do IPM programs work?
1. Set Action Thresholds
2. Monitor and Identify Pests
3. Prevention
4. Control
Main Objective- Pest control materials are selected and
applied in a manner that minimizes risks to human health,
beneficial and non-target organisms, and the environment.

6. Insect
pest
Scientific
name
Family Order
Chilo infuscatellus
Pyralidae
Lepidoptera
Chilo sacchariphagus
indicus
Pyralidae Lepidoptera
Bissetia steniellus
Pyralidae Lepidoptera
Scirpophaga nivella Pyralidae
Lepidoptera
Chilo auricilius
Pyralidae Lepidoptera
Emmalocera
depressella
Pyralidae Lepidoptera
B
O
R
E
R
C
O
M
P
L
E
X

7. Holotrichia
serrata
Melolonthidae Coleoptera
Odontotermes
obesus
Termitidae Isoptera
Melanapis
glomerata
Diaspididae Hemiptera
Ripersia sacchari Pseudococcidae Hemiptera
Pyrilla perpusilla Lophopidae
Hemiptera
Ceratobvacuna
lanigera
Aphididae
Hemiptera
Aleurolobus
barodensis
Alerodidae
Hemiptera
Continued…

8. Larva Adult
PupaEgg

9. Attack 1-3 month old crop and cause
Dead heart , which can be easily
pulled out.
Rotten portion of the cane coloured
dead heart emits an offensive odour.
A number of bore holes at the base
of the shoot just above the ground
level.
DEAD HEART
ROTTEN BASE
WITH HOLE
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

10. LarvaAdult
 Larvae are white with a black
head which later become
creamy in colour with
prominent brown spots
 Body bearing stout hairs in
each section of the body
 Adult moths are yellowish or
straw coloured with thin brown
lines along the length of the
forewings
 Hind wings in females are white
but slightly darker in males

11. SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Constricted and shortened
internodes, with a number of
boreholes filled with excreta
at nodal region.
Reddening of affected
tissues inside the cane.
Fresh borer attack is mostly
found in the top five
immature internodes and its
activity continues till harvest.
Multiple holes with
excreta outside
Hole just
above the node

12. AdultLarvaEgg
Milky white moth
Brownish tuft of
silken hair at the
tip of abdomen
 Full grown larva
is 25- 30mm
 Long creamy
white & rather
sluggish.
Adult
Dull white elongate
eggs
Covered by buff
coloured hairs
from female anal
tuft

13. SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Parallel rows of short holes
in the emerging leaves causes
a white streak which later
turns reddish brown
Dead heart in grown up canes
reddish brown in color which
cannot be easily pulled .
In tillering phase of the crop,
the attacked shoots die, side
shoots (tillers) develop
producing a bunchy top
appearance Bunchy
top
Parallel
rows of
short
holes

14.  Time of planting
 Early planting during December –
January to escape the shoot borer
incidence.
 Avoid Autumn planting for top borer
 Manuring
 Avoid excess use nitrogenus fertilizers.
 Stalk borer and internode borer.
 Trash mulching and earthing up
 Early shoot borer and Internode borer
 Detrashing
 Internode borer and Stalk borer
IPM for Sugarcane borers
EARTHING UP
DETRASHING
M
A
N
U
R
I
N
G
 Use of pheromone traps @ 5/acre for
monitoring of adult moths

15.  Removal and destruction of infested cane
 Early shoot borer and Gurdaspur borer
 Collection and destruction of eggs
 Internet borer and Top borer
 Cultivation of resistance variety
 Co 975, Co 46, Co 7304, Co 312,
Co 421, Co 661, Co 7706, CO 7005
 Irrigation at closer intervals for managing
 Practice deep harvesting to destroy
stubbles
 Early shoot borer
 Removal of water shoots to destroy
 Top shoot borer

16. For Early shoot borer :
• Sturmiopsis inferens or S. semiberbis
• Trichogramma chilonis
For Internode borer :
• Cotesia flavipes
• Trichogramma chilonis
For Top borer :
• Trichogramma chilonis or T. japonicum
• Isotima javensis
 Release 50,000 Trichogramma sp./ha at 10-20 days interval from
July onwards upto October against cane borer complex.
 Release of Isotima javensis against 3rd and 4th broods of top borer.
 Release 125 gravid females of Sturmiopsis inferens /ha on 30 and 45 DAP
 Spray Granulosis virus at 1.5 x 1012 PIB/ha twice on 35 and 50 days after
planting (DAP)
S. inferens
C. flavipes
I. javensis

17. Insecticide and
formulation
Dosage Method and time of
application
SHOOT BORER
Chlorpyrifos 20EC 1kg a.i ha -1 (5 litre) Soil drenching at planting
and if need be at 45 days
after planting.
Cypermethrin10%
EC
260-304 ml in 200-
280 l of water/acre
Sprayed around the base of
plants at 30days and if need
be at 60days after planting.
Fipronil 5%SC
Phosalone 35 EC
1500-2000 ml/ha
1000-1500 ml/ha
Properly sprayed on crop
canopy as well as basal part
of the plant after 30-45 days
of planting
NSKE 5 % 25 Kg/ha Sprayed on soil as well as on
crop to prevent larval feeding

18. TOP BORER
Carbofuran 3 G or
Phorate 10 G
1 kg a.i./ha (33 kg)
or
3 kg a.i./ha (30 kg)
Soil application during last
week of June or first week of
July against third brood of
the pest in sub-tropical India.
STALK BORER
Monocrotophos 36
SL
3 kg a.i./ha (7.5 lit.)
Both foliar and Soil
application during July-
August.
ROOT BORER
Qunalphos 5 G
Phorate 10%G
2.5 kg a.i./ha (50 kg)
30 kg/ha Soil application.
Continued…

19. The eggs are oval creamy white when
fresh and later turn to brown in colour
The newly hatched grub is white &
scarabaeiform
The pupa is exarate type and pupation
takes place in soil
- Generally the adults are lamellate
and males being smaller than female.
- Dark brown beetles.

20. SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Both grub and adult cause the
damage
Grub feeds on fine rootlets and
then girdles of the main roots .
Yellowing and wilting of leaves
and finally dries out
Affected canes come off
easily when pulled

21. Cultural Methods
 Collection and destruction of adult beetles from host
trees immediately after first heavy summer rains
 Picking of grubs manually from field
 Repeated ploughing & exposing various stages of
grub to their natural enemies.
 The use of light trap.
Biological Methods
 Bacillus popillae (Bacteria)
 Beauveria bassiana (Fungus)
IPM strategy for White grub
Chemical Methods
 The adult can be controlled by -
 Carbaryl 0.1%
 Monocrotophos 0.05%
 Chlorpyriphos 0.05%
 The grub can be controlled by -
 Phorate 10 G @25 kg per ha.
 Carbofuran 3G @35 kg per ha.
(Light trap)

22.  Workers attack the
newly planted setts and
affect germination.
 They enter through cut ends of
setts & feed on the soft tissue.
 The tunnel or rind excavated is
filled with the soil.
 The termites attack setts, shoots,
canes and also stubbles
 Entire shoot dries up and can
be pulled out easily
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE

23. The use of partially decomposed manure should be
avoided
Locate and destroy the termite colony near by field
Irrigation water with crude oil emulsion.
 The removal of decaying organic matters cow dung,
wood or dry stubbles from the field.
 Setts treatment with Imidacloprid 70 WS(0.1%) or
Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04 % for 5 min.
 Application of well rotten Neem cake manure @ 60
Cartloads/ ha.
Spray Chlorpyriphos 20%EC 750 ml/ha
IPM strategy for Termite

24.  Pale greenish yellow eggs in clusters
 Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves,
covered over with a white filamentous
waxy material secreted by the female
 Newly hatched nymphs are milky
white in color
 They posses a characteristic feather
like processes covered by wax
 Adults are straw coloured with wings
folded like a roof on the back
 Head is prominently drawn forward as
a sort of rostrum.
EGG
N
Y
M
P
H
ADULT

25. SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Adults and the nymps suck leaf
sap from the under surface of the
lower leaves.
Leaves become yellow, top leaves
get dried up and lateral buds
germinate
Hoppers exude honeydew, result
the leaves are completely covered
by the sooty mould. This affects
photosynthesis.
Black sooty
mould
Yellowing in
leaf

26.  Burn trashes after harvesting canes
 Remove lower leaves bearing egg cluster.
 Ratooning should be avoided
 Balance Nitrogen should be applied.
 Dust malathion 5% @ 40kg/ha. or
Spray malathion 50 EC @ 1.25kga.i./ha.
 Release of 8,000-12,000 cocoons or 3.2 to 4
lakh eggs of Epiricania melanoleuca per ha.
during July-August
 Use Coccinella septempunctata (predator) &
Metarhizium anisopliae (fungal pathogen)
IPM strategy for Pyrilla
E. melanoleuca

27.  Nymphs and adults feed by sucking
the juice and cause shrivelling up
and stunting of canes.
 Nodal region is more infested than
internodal region.
 Infested crop losses its vigour, canes
shrivel, non-opening of leaves &
ultimately cane dries up
 Such canes when slit open appear
brownish red
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Node

28.  Stripping of cane leaves may minimize attack
 Select and plant the scale insect free setts
 Avoid water stagnation for the longer period
 Detrash the crop at 150th and 210th day of planting.
 Give hot water treatment before planting
 Presoak the setts in 0.1% solution Malathion 50 EC
 Spray 1.25 litres of Malathion 50 EC or 2 litres of
Dimethoate 30 EC in 1250 litres of water per ha
 Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 2ml/lit of water
IPM strategy for Sugarcane Scale

29. Parasitoids: Cheiloneurus spp.
Predatory mite: Saniosulus nudus
Tyrophagus puttoscentiae
Predators : Pharoscymnus horni
Chilocorus nigritus
( Cheiloneurus spp. )
( P. horni )
ADULT LARVAE
( T. puttoscentiae )
( C. nigritus )
A
D
U
L
T
LARVAE

30. SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Pinkish oval insects beneath leaf
sheath & on the nodes, with whitish
waxy coating.
 Nymph and adult suck juice from cane in group
& reduces vigour of the plant
 It also attack roots
 Honey dew secretion leads to development of
Sooty mould which gives blackish appearance
to canes.

31. IPM strategy for Sugarcane Mealy bug
 Use resistant varieties like CO 439, CO 443, CO 720, CO 730
 Drain excess water from the field
 Detrash the crop on 150 and 210 Days After Planting.
 Apply methyl parathion 50 EC 1000 ml or malathion 50 EC
1000 ml per ha on the stem immediately when noticed
 Rubbing of setts with gunny bag pieces dipped in Malathion
(0.1% solution.)
 Biocontrol agents
Brumoides suturalis
Leptomastix dactyolopii
B. suturalis L. dactyolopii
(Predator) (Parasitoid)

32. Nymphs and adult
of C. lanigera
Alate (winged) form
of C. lanigera
SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE
Nymphs and adult feed in groups
and weaken cane
Leaves turn yellow color because of
sucking sap by these aphids
Sooty mould growth on lower leaves
of woolly aphid infested plant.
( Affected plant leaves )

33.  Avoid the planting of sugarcane under and around trees in
order to prevent the perpetuation of white woolly aphid
 Removal of water shoots
 Detrashing of canes in woolly aphid prone areas.
IPM strategy for Sugarcane Woolly Aphid
Dipha aphidivora Micromus igorotus
Biocontrol agents
Syrphid larvae Aphelinus desantisi
( PREDATORS ) ( PARASITOID )
 Release of M. igorotus @ 2600 grubs/ha
 Release of Dipha aphidivora @ 1000 larvae/ha

34. • Soil application of phorate 10G @ 10 kg or carbofuron
3G @ 30 kg /ha in
• Foliar application of dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.05%
metasystox 25 EC @ 0.04%,
acephate 75 SP @ 0.1%
at 15-20 days interval depending on pest population.
Synonycha
grandis (Thunberg)
Megalocaria
dilatata (Fabricius
Coelophora
biplagiata (Swartz)
OTHER NATURAL PREDATORS