Over the past century, The Rockefeller Foundation has remained true to the pursuit of health access for all mankind. We have helped to build and develop schools of medicine and public health, contributed to new medicines and treatments that helped cure patients and advanced the field of health. Our long history has given the foundation a unique place in the field of global health. We have the ability and privilege to convene great minds, catalyze new initiatives, identify new opportunities and increase global health and wellbeing.
Giving Them an Edge? The Effects of Work Experience on the Employment Prospec...The Rockefeller Foundation
This brief summarizes the results of NCLR’s quantitative analysis of the marginal effects of work experience on the employment prospects of millennials. It focuses on Latino young men, offering an overview of the structural barriers, an investigation of whether and to what extent additional work experience gives millennials a competitive edge in today’s hypercompetitive labor market, and recommendations to ensure that they fully leverage their work to maximize their potential in the labor market. In particular, this brief will examine the labor market outcomes of Latinos, the youngest and fastest-growing segment of the American labor force.
Driven by long‐term shifts in the labor market and on‐going poverty and inequality, youth employment challenges have mounted steadily over the last decade and reached a crisis point in the wake of the Great Recession. Youth unemployment in 2010 reached its highest level since World War II. The short‐ and long‐term consequences of youth unemployment are severe. Individuals who fail to
transition to stable jobs by their early 20s are at risk of experiencing more frequent and prolonged spells of joblessness, permanently lower earnings, and greater difficulty building a secure financial future for themselves and their families. Ultimately, youth unemployment and associated challenges threaten to perpetuate cycles of intergenerational poverty for individuals and communities.
Suburban poverty affects over 16.4 million people across the U.S. and is growing rapidly, significantly outpacing the growth rate of urban poverty over the last decade (64% vs. 29%). Experts suggest that the problem of suburban poverty is “the new normal.” While the basic needs of the poor in the suburbs are similar to those of the urban poor (e.g. education inequity, poor access to quality healthcare etc.), there are some critical systemic differences (e.g. limited transportation options, jurisdictional challenges etc.). These challenges are further exacerbated by the lack of awareness and understanding of the problem and
potential solutions.
This newsletter features an article on worker migration from South Asia. Other articles are on the topics of domestic work in India and affordable transportation for the poor.
Employment prospects for teens and young adults in the nation’s 100 largest metropolitan areas plummeted between 2000 and 2011. On a number of measures—employment rates, labor force underutilization, unemployment, and year-round joblessness—teens and young adults fared poorly, and sometimes disastrously. While labor market problems affected all young people, some groups had better outcomes than others: Non-Hispanic whites, those from higher income households, those with work experience, and those with higher levels of education were more successful in the labor market. In particular, education and previous work experience were most strongly associated with employment.
Policy and program efforts to reduce youth joblessness and labor force underutilization should focus on the following priorities: incorporating more work-based learning (such as apprenticeships, co-ops, and internships) into education and training; creating tighter linkages between secondary and post-secondary education; ensuring that training meets regional labor market needs; expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit; and facilitating the transition of young people into the labor market through enhanced career counseling, mentoring, occupational and work-readiness skills development, and the creation of short-term subsidized jobs.
As part of its overall mission of promoting the well-being of humanity throughout the world, The Rockefeller Foundation developed the goal of advancing inclusive economies. The framing of this goal is deliberate: the word inclusive stresses the need to overcome disadvantage while the choice of economies versus growth suggests the need to consider all dimensions of economic life. This executive summary outlines efforts to develop a framework to better understand and measure the characteristics of an inclusive economy. It includes:
• The evolution of the concept of an inclusive economy
• Key lessons learned from an analysis of indicator initiatives
related to measuring an inclusive economy
• A recommended indicator framework composed of 5 broad
characteristics, 15 sub-categories, and 57 indicators
• Implications for future work
For more details, a full report is available at:
inclusiveeconomies.org
South Africa ranks in the top four most giving nations, we explore a new platform for social justice and accountability; and a recent survey suggests MOOCs are failing to educate the poor.
Giving Them an Edge? The Effects of Work Experience on the Employment Prospec...The Rockefeller Foundation
This brief summarizes the results of NCLR’s quantitative analysis of the marginal effects of work experience on the employment prospects of millennials. It focuses on Latino young men, offering an overview of the structural barriers, an investigation of whether and to what extent additional work experience gives millennials a competitive edge in today’s hypercompetitive labor market, and recommendations to ensure that they fully leverage their work to maximize their potential in the labor market. In particular, this brief will examine the labor market outcomes of Latinos, the youngest and fastest-growing segment of the American labor force.
Driven by long‐term shifts in the labor market and on‐going poverty and inequality, youth employment challenges have mounted steadily over the last decade and reached a crisis point in the wake of the Great Recession. Youth unemployment in 2010 reached its highest level since World War II. The short‐ and long‐term consequences of youth unemployment are severe. Individuals who fail to
transition to stable jobs by their early 20s are at risk of experiencing more frequent and prolonged spells of joblessness, permanently lower earnings, and greater difficulty building a secure financial future for themselves and their families. Ultimately, youth unemployment and associated challenges threaten to perpetuate cycles of intergenerational poverty for individuals and communities.
Suburban poverty affects over 16.4 million people across the U.S. and is growing rapidly, significantly outpacing the growth rate of urban poverty over the last decade (64% vs. 29%). Experts suggest that the problem of suburban poverty is “the new normal.” While the basic needs of the poor in the suburbs are similar to those of the urban poor (e.g. education inequity, poor access to quality healthcare etc.), there are some critical systemic differences (e.g. limited transportation options, jurisdictional challenges etc.). These challenges are further exacerbated by the lack of awareness and understanding of the problem and
potential solutions.
This newsletter features an article on worker migration from South Asia. Other articles are on the topics of domestic work in India and affordable transportation for the poor.
Employment prospects for teens and young adults in the nation’s 100 largest metropolitan areas plummeted between 2000 and 2011. On a number of measures—employment rates, labor force underutilization, unemployment, and year-round joblessness—teens and young adults fared poorly, and sometimes disastrously. While labor market problems affected all young people, some groups had better outcomes than others: Non-Hispanic whites, those from higher income households, those with work experience, and those with higher levels of education were more successful in the labor market. In particular, education and previous work experience were most strongly associated with employment.
Policy and program efforts to reduce youth joblessness and labor force underutilization should focus on the following priorities: incorporating more work-based learning (such as apprenticeships, co-ops, and internships) into education and training; creating tighter linkages between secondary and post-secondary education; ensuring that training meets regional labor market needs; expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit; and facilitating the transition of young people into the labor market through enhanced career counseling, mentoring, occupational and work-readiness skills development, and the creation of short-term subsidized jobs.
As part of its overall mission of promoting the well-being of humanity throughout the world, The Rockefeller Foundation developed the goal of advancing inclusive economies. The framing of this goal is deliberate: the word inclusive stresses the need to overcome disadvantage while the choice of economies versus growth suggests the need to consider all dimensions of economic life. This executive summary outlines efforts to develop a framework to better understand and measure the characteristics of an inclusive economy. It includes:
• The evolution of the concept of an inclusive economy
• Key lessons learned from an analysis of indicator initiatives
related to measuring an inclusive economy
• A recommended indicator framework composed of 5 broad
characteristics, 15 sub-categories, and 57 indicators
• Implications for future work
For more details, a full report is available at:
inclusiveeconomies.org
South Africa ranks in the top four most giving nations, we explore a new platform for social justice and accountability; and a recent survey suggests MOOCs are failing to educate the poor.
Informal workers face substantial risks and vulnerabilities due to insecurity surrounding their employment status and
lack of control of the conditions of their employment. In addition, informal workers have limited access to affordable and
appropriate health care for themselves and their families, and they may not seek care if they have insecure legal status, or due to the potential expense or loss of income. The combination of high vulnerabilities and inadequate social protections (including insufficient access to affordable health services) results in high incidences of injury, illness, susceptibility to chronic diseases and poverty.
South african welfare state and the demographic dividend's window of opportunityFabio Torreggiani
In this paper, I analysed the main characteristics of the South African Welfare State in terms of inputs and outputs of the key policies usually identified by the literature to be useful to exploit a demographic dividend. In particular, I focused on the state of the labour market, the social assistance policies and the education and healthcare systems. To do this I studied some quantitative indicators of both inputs and outputs and I reported the qualitative analysis of some other articles of these individuals sectors. The conclusion is that, despite some important progress made by the democratic governments, there are many improvements needed to create a consistent and inclusive growth.
The Future of Youth Employment report offers an in-depth look at the changing nature of work in the United States—from microwork, to new coordination and automation technologies, and beyond. It explores challenges and opportunities these changes present for poor and vulnerable youth, and suggests policies and actions corporations, governments, and nonprofits can take to ensure positive futures for them.
Project abstract or effective unemployment of somaliaMohamedAli47986
This project is written by Mohamed Ali from Somalia, in my idea I would be very grateful you to share with you the main causes of Somali youth unemployment.
Abstract: Discouraged Youth’ is defined as those youth who are not working even though they have expressed a desire to work, but due to the fact that they felt that undertaking a job search would be a futile effort, have not continued with the effort to seek a job . The magnitude of this crisis is a cause for concern for Mauritius; hence this study was conducted with the objective of creating a deeper understanding of discouraged youth. Primary data is used for this study, and the survey covers a sample of 500 unemployed youth across the island. The probit regression model is used to analyse the determinants affecting discouraged youth. The findings of the study found that age, age2, marital status, gender and tertiary education, area of study based on friend’s opinion, length of unemployment less than 12 months and prior experience have an impact on discouraged youth. From the analysis it was noted that education and training systems should be revisited to bridge the skills gap.
Keywords: Labour Force, Unemployment, Discouraged Youth, Probit Regression Analysis, Mauritius.
The way to strengthen the partnership between United Nations and African community in advancing youth employment by Crafts and Vocational Center for sustainable development
Informal workers face substantial risks and vulnerabilities due to insecurity surrounding their employment status and lack of control of the conditions of their employment. In addition, informal workers have limited access to affordable and appropriate health care for themselves and their families, and they may not seek care if they have insecure legal status, or due to the potential expense or loss of income. The combination of high vulnerabilities and inadequate social protections (including insufficient access to affordable health services) results in high incidences of injury, illness, susceptibility to chronic diseases and poverty.
Long‐term unemployment has reached historic highs in the United States in recent years. Currently, nearly 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of work for six months or longer, compared to a high of 25 percent in the 1980s recession. Lengthy periods of joblessness profoundly affect the economic and social resilience of workers and their families. Long‐term unemployment erodes assets, diminishes reemployment possibilities and significantly reduces lifetime wages. Additionally, the longterm unemployed face higher rates of family instability, mental and physical health problems.
Informal workers face substantial risks and vulnerabilities due to insecurity surrounding their employment status and
lack of control of the conditions of their employment. In addition, informal workers have limited access to affordable and
appropriate health care for themselves and their families, and they may not seek care if they have insecure legal status, or due to the potential expense or loss of income. The combination of high vulnerabilities and inadequate social protections (including insufficient access to affordable health services) results in high incidences of injury, illness, susceptibility to chronic diseases and poverty.
South african welfare state and the demographic dividend's window of opportunityFabio Torreggiani
In this paper, I analysed the main characteristics of the South African Welfare State in terms of inputs and outputs of the key policies usually identified by the literature to be useful to exploit a demographic dividend. In particular, I focused on the state of the labour market, the social assistance policies and the education and healthcare systems. To do this I studied some quantitative indicators of both inputs and outputs and I reported the qualitative analysis of some other articles of these individuals sectors. The conclusion is that, despite some important progress made by the democratic governments, there are many improvements needed to create a consistent and inclusive growth.
The Future of Youth Employment report offers an in-depth look at the changing nature of work in the United States—from microwork, to new coordination and automation technologies, and beyond. It explores challenges and opportunities these changes present for poor and vulnerable youth, and suggests policies and actions corporations, governments, and nonprofits can take to ensure positive futures for them.
Project abstract or effective unemployment of somaliaMohamedAli47986
This project is written by Mohamed Ali from Somalia, in my idea I would be very grateful you to share with you the main causes of Somali youth unemployment.
Abstract: Discouraged Youth’ is defined as those youth who are not working even though they have expressed a desire to work, but due to the fact that they felt that undertaking a job search would be a futile effort, have not continued with the effort to seek a job . The magnitude of this crisis is a cause for concern for Mauritius; hence this study was conducted with the objective of creating a deeper understanding of discouraged youth. Primary data is used for this study, and the survey covers a sample of 500 unemployed youth across the island. The probit regression model is used to analyse the determinants affecting discouraged youth. The findings of the study found that age, age2, marital status, gender and tertiary education, area of study based on friend’s opinion, length of unemployment less than 12 months and prior experience have an impact on discouraged youth. From the analysis it was noted that education and training systems should be revisited to bridge the skills gap.
Keywords: Labour Force, Unemployment, Discouraged Youth, Probit Regression Analysis, Mauritius.
The way to strengthen the partnership between United Nations and African community in advancing youth employment by Crafts and Vocational Center for sustainable development
Informal workers face substantial risks and vulnerabilities due to insecurity surrounding their employment status and lack of control of the conditions of their employment. In addition, informal workers have limited access to affordable and appropriate health care for themselves and their families, and they may not seek care if they have insecure legal status, or due to the potential expense or loss of income. The combination of high vulnerabilities and inadequate social protections (including insufficient access to affordable health services) results in high incidences of injury, illness, susceptibility to chronic diseases and poverty.
Long‐term unemployment has reached historic highs in the United States in recent years. Currently, nearly 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of work for six months or longer, compared to a high of 25 percent in the 1980s recession. Lengthy periods of joblessness profoundly affect the economic and social resilience of workers and their families. Long‐term unemployment erodes assets, diminishes reemployment possibilities and significantly reduces lifetime wages. Additionally, the longterm unemployed face higher rates of family instability, mental and physical health problems.
UiWE presentation on "CPH Social Innovation Lab" - a hub for creating new social solutions in Scandinavia - at MindLab June 2, 2010. UiWE is cultural design company based in Copenhagen.
Is convening the right tool for your work? Convening places a significant demand on people’s time and resources, so it’s important to make informed decisions about when and how to bring a group together.
GATHER: The Art & Science of Effective Convening is a unique guidebook for convening planners and change agents interested in harnessing the potential of collective intelligence through in-person convening.
Learn more: http://rockefellerfoundation.org/gather-guide
Yang design service design lab social innovation powered by service designYANG DESIGN
Service design is a relatively young discipline, dating back to the late 1990s, and even more so in Asia, where it began emerging around 2008-2009. As an emerging field that is drawing more and more interest, service design is not fully understood by both private and public institutions.
Our first issue of 2013 starts with three important topics that are recently receiving much attention,
but whose consequences and dynamics are difficult to grasp. These three topics deserve another
look because the visibility of some events may hinder what are their actual potential in the future.
Our first article is about various countries in the South American region organizing macro-events
in order to attract tourist and promote their service sector —where a great portion of informal jobs
and precariousness exist. Governments are investing heavily in creating infrastructure and giving
all the support that the private sector needs to organize successful events. Nevertheless, these
events are just the tip of the iceberg: governments may be losing the opportunity of having a wave
of tourist in the next ten years in order to extend benefits to a vast group of informal workers that
depend on services that tourist demand, such as retailing, restaurants, and tours, among others.
Climate change is making things worse for vulnerable population in South American countries.
Nevertheless, the rhetoric at negotiation tables still refers to the time when the Kyoto Protocol was
being designed. Such clear division of responsibilities between developed and developing countries
simply cannot hold in a post-Kyoto world. It is now that such divisions are becoming a
insurmountable barrier to reach an agreement. Nevertheless, such divisions of interests, goals and
coalitions has roots in the growing diversity of countries in the region, but they cannot be a pretext
for not reaching a shared criteria to deal with global negotiations about climate change.
Participation was, two decades ago, the flavor of the month in development policies. Giving power
to people in democracies was a correct strategy to improve social services and design public
policies. Nevertheless, the growing gap between the political discourse on what participation can
potentially bring and what actually achieves in most localities is giving ammunition to some
authorities to reverse participatory processes. Again, cities need to be creative, not only by
improving consultations with alternative techniques to reach people that has been reluctant to
participate, but also by improving their internal bureaucratic processes to become more responsive
and open to citizens’ preferences.
In August 2013, a multidisciplinary group gathered at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center to address the theme of “Community Resilience Through big data and Technology.” Creative and critical thinkers were selected from the technology sector, academia, the arts, humanitarian and ecological spheres. Over ten days, we explored how data could be used to help build community resilience in the face of a range of stresses — environmental, political, social and economic. Large data collection and analysis may support communities by providing them with timely feedback loops on their immediate environment. However, the collection and use of data can also create new vulnerabilities and risks, by enabling discriminating against individuals, skewing evidence, and creating dependencies on centralized infrastructure that may increase a system’s vulnerability. After analyzing these risks and opportunities, we developed a framework to help guide the effective use of data for building community-driven resilience. In this framework, we propose six domains: ethics, governance, science, technology, place and sociocultural context. We believe that by considering all six domains together, organizations can safeguard against predictable failures by exposing project weaknesses from the outset rather than in hindsight.
Urban transportation is undergoing massive change and expansion, especially in the developing world. The rapid growth of cities is driving demand for better urban transportation and many cities are set to invest heavily in infrastructure. Unfortunately, the needs of low-income households are often overlooked in the selection, design, and service decisions related to these investments. According to the World Bank, urban public transportation systems disproportionately disadvantage the urban poor and vulnerable, especially in cities in the developing world.
Meanwhile, innovative business and service models are emerging that are disrupting the established transportation systems in cities by taking advantage of open data, the Internet and mobile telephony. Services such as bike share, ZipCar®, Waze®, Hopstop®, and Uber® are reducing consumption and reconfiguring the relationship between modes, users, and providers of transportation. These new approaches improve urban transportation by making it more efficient, dependable, and sustainable.
As Susan Zielinski of the University of Michigan’s SMART Initiative puts it, “Transportation is at a crossroads. In response to rapid urbanization, shifting demographics, and other pressing social, economic, and environmental factors, cities and regions are shifting investment dollars from single mode infrastructure to multi-mode, multi-service, IT-enabled door-to-door systems… innovations and opportunities (are going) beyond the bounds of the traditional transportation industry.”
Collectively referred to as the emerging New Mobility sector, this innovative industry sector provides a key opportunity to build more inclusive cities and more resilient communities.
Catalyzing the New Mobility in Cities is an exploratory effort focused on identifying innovative business and service models that are beneficial to the urban poor, both as users and providers of urban transportation.The primer briefly summarizes and showcases some of the hallmark innovations that are challenging the status quo in rapidly growing cities in the developing world.
Recurrent food crises are one of the principal impediments to development in the Horn and Sahel regions of Africa. In 2011, a drought-related emergency affected over 12 million people in the Horn – the fourth such event since the turn of the millennium. Precise numbers are unavailable, but estimates indicate that hundreds of thousands of people were displaced and tens of thousands more died. A year later, 18 million people were affected by a major crisis in the Sahel – the third to hit the region in eight years.
Food crises are slow-onset disasters. They emerge over a period of months and are routinely tracked and anticipated by famine early warning systems – specialist units that monitor and forecast risk factors such as food prices, health indicators, rainfall and crop production. These systems provide governments and humanitarian actors with the chance to take early action and prevent the situation from escalating into an emergency. Cost-benefit analyses indicate that, compared with emergency response, early action offers significant cost savings in the long run.
Yet all too often the link between early warning and early action fails and the opportunity to mitigate a gathering crisis is lost. This disconnect was starkly apparent in Somalia during 2010/11, when increasingly urgent early warnings accumulated for 11 months before famine was finally declared in July. Only after that did the humanitarian system mobilize.
Beginning with the failures that allowed the Somalia famine to take place and drawing on the recent history of other early warnings, this report considers in detail the various political, institutional and organizational barriers to translating early warning of famine into early action to avert it, and makes recommendations for how these can be overcome.
While the mobile sector has grown significantly over the last 5-7 years, scale and sustainability have yet to be achieved. To further explore opportunities and barriers to investment and partnership to scale mobile-enabled technology, the Rockefeller Foundation has supported the work of Mobile for Development Intelligence, an open data research portal for the developing world mobile industry.
This report analyzes market and user data to provide a fuller picture of activities in the mobile sector and present recommendations on how to accelerate economic, social and environmental impact with mobile solutions.
In December 2016, The Rockefeller Foundation’s African Regional Office hosted the Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Convening in Nairobi, Kenya. Over 150 delegates and 40 speakers participated, sharing insights, examples, and engaging in debate and discussion on why and how ‘resilience’ can enhance Africa’s ongoing development.
Urban women face significant economic and social constraints due to their limited ability to access, own and control property, including immovable property (e.g., land, structures), movable property (e.g., business equipment, personal possessions), and financial assets (e.g., cash, financial accounts). Insecure property rights make women more vulnerable and less economically, politically and socially empowered; inhibit them from improving their families’ health and well-being; and prevent them from fully contributing to the sustainability and economic growth of their cities. With increasing numbers of women living in cities, especially vulnerable groups like migrants and the elderly, women’s insecurity of property rights in the urban context is rapidly growing in urgency.
In 2013, in response to the opportunities presented by Africa’s rapidly growing youth population and the ubiquity of information and communications technologies across the continent, The Rockefeller Foundation launched its Digital Jobs Africa initiative. The initiative aims to enable young people to access jobs by providing them with in-demand technology-related and other employability skills. Now just past its two-year mark, the Foundation is taking stock of the rich learning that has emerged from the initiative.
Impact investment is a strategy to align the power of private markets to the social and environmental development needs of society at-large. From 2012-13, the Rockefeller Foundation, through its Impact Investing initiative, funded research in five Sub-Saharan African countries with the aim of understanding the barriers for impact investing across Africa, as well as recommending national policies to encourage the growth of the industry. This report synthesizes the findings of that work, examining the potential of impact investing as a ‘strategy of choice’ for African policymakers.
Following its successful partnership with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) post–Hurricane Sandy Rebuild by Design competition, The Rockefeller Foundation launched the Resilience Academies and Capacity-Building Initiative. Designed to support HUD’s National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC), the Academies and the Initiative provide eligible state, county, and municipal governments with subject-matter expertise and lessons from the Foundation’s years of on-the-ground disaster recovery programming and mitigation planning. Further, the Foundation hoped to assist these key players in moving global knowledge and resources to meet homegrown needs.
Women Workers in Informal Sector in India: Understanding the Occupational Vul...Dr Lendy Spires
Unorganised or informal sector constitutes a pivotal part of the Indian economy. More than 90 per cent of workforce and about 50 per cent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. A high proportion of socially and economically underprivileged sections of society are concentrated in the informal economic activities [1]. Informal employment is generally a larger source of employment for women than for men in the developing world. Other than in North Africa where 43 per cent of women workers are in informal employment, 60 per cent or more of women workers in the developing world are in informal employment(outside agriculture).
In sub-Saharan Africa 84 per cent of women non-agricultural workers; in Latin America 58 per cent for women in comparison to 48 percent for men. In Asia, the proportion of women and men non-agricultural workers in informal employment is roughly equivalentto Women and Men in the Informal Economy [2].The informal economy in India employs about 86 per cent of the country’s work force and 91 per cent of its women workers [3]. Many of these women workers are primary earners for their families. Their earnings are necessary for sheer survival. Low income women workers, especially in the informal sectorform one of the most vulnerable groups in the Indian economy.
The reasons for their vulnerability are-(a) irregular work, (b) low economic status, (c) little or no bargaining power, (d) lack of control over earnings, (e) need to balance paid work with care for children and homework, (f) little or no access to institutional credit, training and information, and (g) lack of assets. Unequal gender relations play a very important role in defining their insecurities. Given their vulnerable status at home and at work, income generation alone may not improve the socio-economic status of women attached to the informal sector. Their economic empowerment needs to go along with political empowerment, which could improve their bargaining power both in household and at work.
This means that organizing women workers in the informl economy could have beneficial impacts on their work and their life if such organizationcombines voices representation along with access to resources such as credit and information- a holistic strategy that provides political empowerment allied with economic empowerment.The present study aims at understanding the degree of vulnerabilityof the women workers in informal sector in India.
The role of Social Work in India in assessing and protecting people in need. ...Bimal Antony
This is an essay which presents the following two points.
1. The role of Social Work in India in assessing and protecting people in need.
2. The extent to which Social Work changed over the last 40 years and factors that contributed to some of these changes.
The report discusses what the LMI segments know and feel about the COVID-19 outbreak and examines its effect on them. The report also highlights actionable recommendations for policymakers to design suitable interventions that can help the LMI segment cope better in this difficult situation.
Future of Work – Preparing for Disruptions: Indian context
How India is gearing up in Preparations and towards supporting the Workforce??
Introduction :
Changing nature of work has created disruptions, discontinuities as well as opportunities.
This is not seen in some selected countries but across the world, be it a developed country, or a developing country.
Like any other country, India has its own unique set of challenges in preparing and supporting its workforce from a governance point of view.
Take the case of India, thanks to globalization and IT revolution, India became the back office of the world , with “Bangalored”, a euphemism , which signifies job loss elsewhere in the developed economy entering the oxford Dictionary
Governments in pursuit of economic growth love to invest in physical capital
far less interested in investing in human capital, which is the sum total of a population’s health, skills, knowledge, experience, and habits. That’s a mistake many countries made, the case for India was slightly different thanks to “ Nehruvian socialism” in the post-independence era.
In the recent years this has only been further augmented with opening up of the economy further and leveraging of automation/ innovation across sectors. Today India is at the forefront in terms of technical education and English speaking population with the right skills for the global demand in new forms of employment.
While all this is true in terms of progress, for the size of India with a Billion plus population, it is equally disheartening to find that the informal sector has only increased if not lesser with more than 75% of the population still in the informal side with no benefits and protection.
Governments have an important role to play in fostering human capital acquisition.
Fortunately for India since independence significant progress has been made on 3 fronts:
1. Formal Jobs
2. Education access
3. Health care
Today’s governments across the world have a more definite role to play in the area of social inclusion and life long learning facilitation for it’s work force and population as a whole.
with the help of world wide social organisations, Governments, and societies at large. All need to work in tandem, in order to Benefit from the torrential opportunities, thanks to new technologies and disruptive innovations, unseen in the history of mankind, Can lead to prosperity and health for most if not all
Running Head ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION .docxtodd581
Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 5
Organizational Evaluation
Arnaldo Perez Frometa
Capella University
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Vulnerable and Diverse Populations
Organizational Evaluation
February, 2019
As discussed in the earlier paper, around 92% of the total India Square population is immigrants from various origins. The majority of the 92% are unemployed and they usually depend on one of the family member or government aids. For this reason, they struggle to survive in most cases ending up being drugs user and alcoholic or and women into prostitution, activities which exposes them to SDIs. It is therefore not a surprise that HIV/AIDS and other STDs are very rampant in India Square. In fact, 29% of all deaths are from HIV/AIDs related communications. This paper will discuss HIV/AIDs as a health concern in the diverse population of India Square. Also, how the organization is responding to HIV/AIDs, gaps in the health care and barriers to closing those gaps.
Currently, the organization serves HIV/AIDs in the area by first; educating people on various ways through which they can avoid being infected. One of the most common prevention interventions relating to HIV/AIDS in being undertaken by the organization is advocating for protected sexual intercourse, particularly using condoms. Since abstinence, being faithful campaigns have proven to be futile, the organization has chosen to advocate for using condom, and boosted it by to avail free condoms to the population as much as it can (Woodward, 2018). Another intervention has been the implementation of antiretroviral therapy that entails counseling regarding the management of AIDS among the infected people. This therapy mostly starts immediately after an individual is tested HIV-positive in which he/she is enrolled to the program. The counseling entails healthy living, nutrition, medication, healthy sexual relations with other infected or uninfected people etc. Furthermore, the organization has initiated a program whereby individuals can access HIV testing tool kit implying that people can purchase the equipment and have their blood tested for the virus on their own free will. In addition, the organization has HIV awareness programs.
In India Square, the main health care gap exists between the minority educated population and the majority semi-educated. While majority of the educated population are whites and some few immigrants, most immigrants have little education. This reason makes a big difference regarding health care services received. The rate of HIV infections in the he educated population is less. Also, mortality rate due to HIV related complications is lower in in people who are educated.
To reduce the gap existing between the educated and the uneducated populations in terms of prevalence and mortality rate, two strategies can be used. The first str.
Running Head ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION .docxglendar3
Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 1
ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 5
Organizational Evaluation
Arnaldo Perez Frometa
Capella University
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Vulnerable and Diverse Populations
Organizational Evaluation
February, 2019
As discussed in the earlier paper, around 92% of the total India Square population is immigrants from various origins. The majority of the 92% are unemployed and they usually depend on one of the family member or government aids. For this reason, they struggle to survive in most cases ending up being drugs user and alcoholic or and women into prostitution, activities which exposes them to SDIs. It is therefore not a surprise that HIV/AIDS and other STDs are very rampant in India Square. In fact, 29% of all deaths are from HIV/AIDs related communications. This paper will discuss HIV/AIDs as a health concern in the diverse population of India Square. Also, how the organization is responding to HIV/AIDs, gaps in the health care and barriers to closing those gaps.
Currently, the organization serves HIV/AIDs in the area by first; educating people on various ways through which they can avoid being infected. One of the most common prevention interventions relating to HIV/AIDS in being undertaken by the organization is advocating for protected sexual intercourse, particularly using condoms. Since abstinence, being faithful campaigns have proven to be futile, the organization has chosen to advocate for using condom, and boosted it by to avail free condoms to the population as much as it can (Woodward, 2018). Another intervention has been the implementation of antiretroviral therapy that entails counseling regarding the management of AIDS among the infected people. This therapy mostly starts immediately after an individual is tested HIV-positive in which he/she is enrolled to the program. The counseling entails healthy living, nutrition, medication, healthy sexual relations with other infected or uninfected people etc. Furthermore, the organization has initiated a program whereby individuals can access HIV testing tool kit implying that people can purchase the equipment and have their blood tested for the virus on their own free will. In addition, the organization has HIV awareness programs.
In India Square, the main health care gap exists between the minority educated population and the majority semi-educated. While majority of the educated population are whites and some few immigrants, most immigrants have little education. This reason makes a big difference regarding health care services received. The rate of HIV infections in the he educated population is less. Also, mortality rate due to HIV related complications is lower in in people who are educated.
To reduce the gap existing between the educated and the uneducated populations in terms of prevalence and mortality rate, two strategies can be used. The first str.
The nature of work is changing both globally and locally here in Nigeria. How can the government prepare its workforce to seize the opportunity that comes with disruption?
The Transforming Health Systems (THS) initiative was one of The Rockefeller Foundation’s largest global health initiatives. Aligned with the Foundation’s mission to promote the well-being of humanity, THS aimed to improve the health status and financial resilience of poor and otherwise vulnerable populations through activities promoting improved health systems performance and the expansion of universal health coverage (UHC).
This report synthesizes findings from a five-year, multicomponent evaluation of the THS initiative. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess i) the effectiveness of the three core strategies – global advocacy, regional networks, and country-level investments – employed under THS to advance progress toward UHC in low- and middle-income countries in four focus countries, ii) the overall effectiveness and influence of the initiative, and iii) the Foundation’s legacy in the UHC arena. A key component of the evaluation was to document lessons learned from achievements and challenges to inform the development of future initiatives at the Foundation.
Overall, the evaluation found the THS initiative to be successful in its efforts to activate a global movement to accelerate progress toward UHC. The Foundation catalyzed and shaped the global UHC movement and, ultimately, influenced the inclusion of UHC in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the post-2015 agenda. It also created enduring cross-learning platforms and tools to support country progress toward the SDGs’ UHC targets. Although THS gained less traction in advancing UHC through its focus country investments, its success in making UHC a global development target and creating networks and coalitions to support UHC reform efforts in LMICs will likely have country-level impacts for years to come.
This guide is designed for program officers to use in their work related to networks, coalitions, and other relationship-based structures as part of their initiatives, program strategies, and outcomes. It offers a set of core components that make up the basics of strategizing, implementing, and sustaining inter-organizational relationships and structures. You can work through the guide from beginning to end or jump to specific issues with which you might be struggling. Every component suggests concrete “actions” or questions that a program officer can apply.
Putting “Impact” at the Center of Impact Investing: A Case Study of How Green...The Rockefeller Foundation
More than ever before, investors are looking to put their money where their values are. As a result, impact investing has burgeoned into an over $100 billion industry in just over ten years. But how do impact investors know whether their money is truly having a positive impact on people and
the planet? How can these investors better manage their results, and use material data – both positive and negative – about social and environmental performance to maximize their impact?
This case study documents the journey of one organization, Green Canopy Homes – and its financing arm, Green Canopy Capital – toward more systematically thinking about, measuring, and managing its impact. While developing the impact thesis for its resource-efficient homes, Green Canopy applied a theory of change tool, an approach common within the social sector, to systematically map the causal pathways between its strategies and intended impact. Its rationale for adopting this approach was simple: use it to maximize impact, and understand and minimize possible harm. The tool also effectively positioned Green Canopy to measure and communicate about its social and environmental performance, and to make client-centric adaptations to its business.
The case study provides an illuminating example of how investors can adapt theory of change to serve their impact management needs. By demonstrating the relevance and transferability of this tool for articulating, measuring, and managing impact, the hope is that this case study can contribute to strengthening other investors’ approaches, in turn contributing to building the evidence base for the “impact” of impact investments.
Electricity is one of the most important drivers of socio-economic development, yet up to 250 million Indians are not connected to the national grid, and the majority of rural consumers have grossly unreliable power supply. More than solar lanterns and home systems that power a few lights and fans, among the most efficient ways to provide reliable electricity in remote areas is through local mini-grids. India has several run by energy service companies and usually funded by philanthropic capital.
Most of these enterprises have not been able to scale-up their impact meaningfully because the risk of the national grid entering their markets can render their mini-grid unviable. Rather than seeing “grid versus mini-grid” as a policy choice, Beyond Off-Grid: Integrating Mini-Grids with India’s Evolving Electricity System explores ways we can encourage more of both: to have the grid operate in partnership with a network of distributed mini-grids to accelerate electrification.
What does the roadmap for this ‘interconnection’ of our energy system look like? How can we leverage both government and private investment? What are the different interconnection models and their commercial, technical and regulatory implications? Where do mini-grids go from here? This timely report – commissioned by the Asha Impact Trust in collaboration with Shakti Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation – provides a multi-layered perspective to address these questions based on extensive research, wide-ranging policymaker interactions, and our investment experience evaluating mini-grid operators.
We cannot achieve significant poverty reduction without stimulating electricity consumption, which fuels income-generating activities in the modern economy. In India, about 237 million people have little or no access to reliable electricity -- more than 90% of them live in rural areas. This severely constrains economic opportunities. Addressing this chronic problem requires going beyond simply expanding the government grid.
Mini-grids have emerged as a viable solution to complement and integrate with the national grid, and can support the government in achieving its ‘Power for All’ vision. The Rockefeller Foundation’s Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) initiative is the first to pursue the creation of a mini-grid sector that is robust enough to fuel commercial enterprises and drive economic development beyond just one village. Smart Power India (SPI), which leads the SPRD initiative in India, has proven that mini-grids can be swiftly deployed to deliver reliable power, and has likewise demonstrated that mini-grids can spur economic activity needed to help people lift themselves out of poverty.
This issue of Smart Power Connect, published after the hundredth village was connected to Smart Power, explores the efforts, success stories, and challenges faced in SPI’s mini-grid journey to date. With insights from government agencies, policy experts, energy service companies, investors and mini-grid customers themselves, this publication provides a glimpse into the potential of the mini-grids to transform the energy sector – and how rural communities are embracing and utilizing clean, reliable and adequate power to improve their lives.
Today, nearly 240 million Indians lack access to reliable electricity, and 90 percent of them live in rural areas. Despite the government’s ambitious plans to accelerate universal electrification by 2018, challenges remain in providing reliable and sufficient energy to the last mile. Distributed renewable energy (DRE) solutions, and in particular mini-grids, have emerged as a reliable complement to the government’s electrification programs by providing rural areas with access to reliable and high-quality electricity at a much faster pace. The growth of the DRE sector will be an important fillip to the last-mile challenge.
Smart Power India (SPI) is an organization that implements The Rockefeller Foundation’s Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) to build viable and commercially oriented mini-grid ecosystems in India. This report explains the Smart Power mini-grid model and explores the drivers of success. Analyzing early data from a cohort of the 106 Smart Power mini-grids operational as of 2017, SPI provides data on commercial performance as well as recommendations to further accelerate the rural mini-grid business.
Encouragingly, the report reveals that the 23 top-cohort plants have an average unit-level profit margin of approximately 30% after the first year of operations. It also highlights that villages receiving electricity from SPRD mini-grids show early signs of social and economic impact (also see Understanding the Impact of Rural Electrification.) SPI has observed that site selection, a strong focus on operations, support for demand generation and marketing optimized for rural customers, are critical to the continued improvement of mini-grid operations. Finally, the report provides recommendations to address external challenges such as the need for increased financing, stronger policy support and further technological innovation.
A successful philanthropic initiative depends not just on the strategy pursued – but also on how that strategy is implemented. Implementation considerations can vary significantly based on the shape of an initiative – starting a new organization can look very different than investing in a portfolio of existing organizations. This report looks at four “models” for implementing initiatives. These don’t represent an exhaustive set of potential models to pursue, or even the most high potential models. Rather, these are four examples of models, each of which has significant potential for impact when chosen wisely and executed well. The report outlines the considerations involved in choosing to pursue each of these models and findings on how to implement them, drawn from real-world experience.
Globally, over 1 billion people still live without electricity. Roughly 237 million of these people are in India. Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) is a $75 million initiative aimed at accelerating development in India’s least electrified states. Through the deployment of decentralized renewable energy mini-grids, SPRD works to accelerate the growth of rural economies, while at the same time improving the lives and livelihoods of poor and marginalized families and communities. With access to energy, individuals, households, and communities can generate economic opportunities and enhance their quality of life. Understanding the Impact of Rural Electrification has generated significant insights on how SPRD is having an impact on the lives of villagers, and what more is needed to sustain, grow, and scale these gains. We’ve learned that households and businesses are slowly but surely moving up the energy ladder; enterprises are expanding and new ones are being created as a result of energy access, and women are feeling safer and more mobile after dark. In this report, we also introduce the innovative GDP+ approach which, which quantifies and measures the social, economic and environmental gains of access to electricity in GDP terms. The initial findings here show that SPRD villages experienced an $18.50 per capita increase in GDP+.
The information in this brief is drawn from a case study of the JLN conducted by Mathematica Policy Research in consultation with the THS team and the Evaluation Office of The Rockefeller Foundation. The study, completed in 2016, was undertaken to assess the extent to which the JLN had achieved its goal of becoming a country-driven, sustainable network helping to advance progress toward universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries.
The Joint Learning Network (JLN) is a key innovation and central part of The Rockefeller Foundation’s efforts to promote universal health coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) under its Transforming Health Systems (THS) initiative (2009-2017). Launched in 2010, the JLN is a country-led, global learning network that connects practitioners around the globe, in order to advance knowledge and learning about approaches to accelerate country progress toward UHC. The JLN currently includes 27 member countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America that engage in multilateral workshops, country learning exchanges, and virtual dialogues to share experiences and develop tools to support the design and implementation of UHC-oriented reforms. The core vehicles for shared learning and resource development under the JLN are technical initiatives, which are managed by several technical partners and organized around key levers for reaching UHC objectives.
With 62.5 million tons of food wasted in the United States each year, there is much work to be done to
bring about substantial changes in the food industry that will create a more efficient food system and
help preserve the environment. This guide describes promising opportunities to reduce food waste
in three areas—packaging, food retail, and home kitchens—and discusses a number of solutions that
could be piloted, validated, and scaled to significantly reduce food waste in America.
National Disaster Resilience Competition's Resilience Academies - Emerging In...The Rockefeller Foundation
In 2015 The Rockefeller Foundation partnered with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to launch the National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC)
Resilience Academies. Recognizing the salient need to infuse resilience thinking into HUD’s NDRC, these Academies were established to expose state and local governments to new approaches for protecting and promoting the long-term well-being and safety of their communities. A recent independent evaluation of the Academies has provided instructive insights about what works in efforts to build innovative resilience capacity.
Launched in 2008, the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Initiative aimed to catalyze attention, funding, and action for building the climate change resilience of vulnerable cities and people in Asia. Given that current estimates forecast that about 55 percent of Asia’s population will be living in urban centers by 2030, the ACCCRN Initiative is built on the premise that cities can take actions to build climate resilience – including drainage and flood management, ecosystem strengthening,
increasing awareness, and disease control – which can greatly improve the lives of poor and vulnerable people, not just in times of shock or stress, but every day.
At the time the initiative was launched, the concept of urban resilience and models for implementing it were nascent and emergent. ACCCRN proved to be an important experiment and “learning lab” for the Foundation and its grantees and partners to build capacity in cities to better understand and implement resilience solutions to the often devastating shocks and stresses of climate change. The initiative was effective in the initial 10 ACCCRN cities and, later, in an additional 40 cities.
As part of our Foundation-wide commitment to learning and accountability to our grantees, partners and stakeholders, we undertook an independent evaluation of the work of the initiative in 2014 to assess what worked well and not so well in ACCCRN. Conducted by Verulam Associates and ITAD, who also conducted a mid-term evaluation of the ACCCRN Initiative in 2011, this summative evaluation highlights successes, but also provides an important moment to reflect on the challenges we faced and on what we can do better or differently going forward.
Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact...The Rockefeller Foundation
Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact Investing contends that measurement practices need to evolve by borrowing from the strengths of both private business and social sector evaluation. Suggesting that an impact thesis is a crucial anchor for impact measurement strategies, the paper offers several measurement approaches in use today. The ‘next generation’ of impact measurement and evaluation must stem from a commitment of impact investors to strengthen evidence for their social returns alongside the evidence for financial returns.
The goal of the CEO & Gender Media Audit was to understand the media coverage of CEOs in various situations and determine if there are differences in the way male and female CEOs are covered.
Equity and Inclusive Growth from a Development Perspective is essential reading for development and evaluation practitioners. It provides a concise history and critical examination of the concepts related to growth, poverty, and equity. These three foundational elements of contemporary development theory and practice are at the root of The Rockefeller Foundation’s movement toward advancing inclusive economies and building resilience.
The paper offers many insights about the measurement and evaluation of programs. It illuminates the debate surrounding ways to assess well-being beyond GDP. It covers the many ways to approach the measurement of poverty and the most commonly used indexes. Finally, it examines the important distinction between equity and equality and the policy implications of pursuing equity.
Building Capacity for Innovation and Systems Change: Innovation Fellowship Pr...The Rockefeller Foundation
Achieving The Rockefeller Foundation’s goals to build resilience and advance inclusive economies requires moving beyond traditional approaches to problem-solving. New ways
of thinking and working are needed in order to have impact at scale. The Rockefeller
Foundation Global Fellowship Program on Social Innovation was designed to enable
leaders to innovate in order to address the underlying causes of complex social and
environmental challenges. With two successive cohorts of Fellowships now complete and
a third underway, the timing is right to reflect on what the Foundation is learning about
building individual and institutional capacity to innovate and drive systems change.
Assessing Market-Based Solutions: Lessons from Evaluating a Youth Employment ...The Rockefeller Foundation
Creating employment opportunities for youth is a priority for many countries. How can these opportunities – increasingly situated within market-based approaches to development – generate and sustain positive employment and social outcomes for individuals, their families and communities? This paper reports on an evaluation of a Rockefeller Foundation initiative that provided instructive lessons on how to assess youth employment and digital jobs programs that embed market-based principles.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. Over the past century, The Rockefeller Foundation has remained true to
the pursuit of health access for all mankind. We have helped to build and
develop schools of medicine and public health, contributed to new
medicines and treatments that helped cure patients and advanced the
field of health. Our long history has given the foundation a unique place in
the field of global health. We have the ability and privilege to convene
great minds, catalyze new initiatives, identify new opportunities and
increase global health and wellbeing.
Most recently, the Foundation has been attuned to the health of informal
workers. Driven by the current structure of the developing world’s
economic sector where informality is the norm, we are brought to
reckoning by the fact that 60 percent of the world’s workforce is informal,
with the highest proportion being in Africa and Asia, and predominantly
involving youth and women.
The current structure of informal work is characterized by lack of social
protection – including pension and health care – and erratic earnings.
Living as such, when informal workers face health challenges it easily
leads to potentially catastrophic impact on their livelihoods.
Informal workers are highly networked along their employment, religion
and other aspects of their lives. These networks serve as natural
aggregators and provide an important trusted enabler in their context,
where they are often disconnected from existing health systems.
FOREWORD
These trusted relationships provide useful networks for information
sharing and platforms that could be useful for designing financial
mechanisms for health savings.
The Rockefeller Foundation in collaboration with several partners
conducted research in 2014 to understand the health vulnerabilities of
informal workers and identify potential entry points, methods, and
platforms for engaging with and positively contributing to their overall
health. We also investigated potential opportunities arising from mobile
technology platforms, market-oriented solutions and social networks as
This publication is a synthesis of key highlights from that research, which
this population group and design interventions to improve their health
outcomes. We anticipate that this work will contribute to systemic
change in redesigning health systems to make them more responsive to
the realities of informal workers and to give them greater access to health
services and improve their health outcomes.
3. 4
WHAT'S UNIQUE ABOUT
INFORMAL WORK?
The nature and work environment of informal work varies from place to place.
general patterns and characteristics observed:
no entitlements such as pension
unfair dismissal
lack of benefits such as leave and health insurance
lack of industry regulations resulting in hazardous and risky work environments
poor pay
While individual informal businesses may have limited potential for huge growth, there is
evidence that the informal sector can allow a large proportion of the population to escape
extreme poverty.
Defining
Informal Work
“All economic activities by workers and
economic units that are – in law or in practice
formal arrangements”.
International Labor Conference, 2012
These are the
2
4. Working as a food seller like Aminah calls for long
hours on the job. Each day she leaves her three
young children in her neighbour’s care and arrives at
the market at 4.20 a.m. to begin preparing breakfast
for her customers.
5days a
week
Additionally, there is the time
spent commuting twice daily
from her residence to and
from the market. This means
she rarely has time to visit a
clinic for medical help.
Types of Informal
Workers
Migrants like Aminah do not own significant assets in
the city. Their earnings go back to support family such
as parents, siblings, children and grandchildren. Some
of their meagre savings are then invested in acquiring
assets (such as land or building homes) in their
hometowns.
A glance into the life of an
informal worker
construction workers, domestic
workers, head-loaders, diamond polishers,
street vendors, push-cart
vendors, home-based workers,
market-sellers, laundry-washers, matatu drivers,
bus conductors,
garbage pickers motorcycle taxis
3
5. The informal sector employs 60 percent of the workforce globally with the
highest proportion in Africa and Asia made up of predominantly youth and
women. The proportion of informal workers in sub-Saharan Africa is 66
percent. In South Asia the number is 82 percent. Inclusion of informal
employment estimates from the agricultural sector would greatly increase
these figures, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where agricultural activity
remains high.
Africa and Asia are urbanizing at the fastest rates in the world; fuelled by high
rates of rural to urban migration and natural population growth. By 2050, 56
percent of Africa’s population and 60 percent of Asia’s population will be
urban. Rapidly expanding urban areas are hubs of economic growth but are
also teeming with marginalized populations living on the edge of poverty
with few prospects of full employment.
Informal employment is also a key feature of major industries, driving
economic growth in many settings. Construction is arguably the most
important sector after agriculture, employing nearly 110 million people
worldwide. Over 80 percent of construction work is done by poor and low
skilled rural-urban or cross-border migrants as there are few barriers to
entry.
URBAN INFORMAL
WORKERS
Why we should care
Although informal workers constitute the
majority of workers in most low and
middle-income countries, they contribute to
less than 50 percent of the economy. The rate
of employment in the informal sector is
growing faster than in the formal sector.
Uncontrolled and poor urban planning has
resulted in the growth of informal settlements.
Many urban informal workers live in informal
settlements; a significant number of of the
residents in urban informal settlements are
now informal workers.
4
6. The informal economy contributes to
34%
of the
economy 77%of
employment&
and is growing at 10x the rate of formal
employment.
Over 60% of informal sector workers
are between 18-35 years,
with 50% being women.
KENYA
of urban workers
in Cambodia are
informal workers.
In Phnom Penh, there are 0.9 million
workers and of these, 0.8 million
(85%) are informal workers.
81.8%
CAMBODIA
More than half, 4.5 of 8 million,
are informal workers.
5
7. Living on the edge
Informal workers are more likely to be poor. Young people living in poverty are
likely to enter the informal sector after failing to continue with formal education
and to acquire skills that would enable them secure formal employment. Without
opportunities for further skills building, their employment prospects are often
predestined for the informal sector.
A large number of informal workers for example in Kenya, are often considered “the
working poor,” living at or below the poverty threshold of less than $1.25 a day.
Moreover, informal workers save less for retirement compared to formal sector
workers, who are usually enrolled in government-mandated social security funds for
employers and employees. Many informal workers are aware of the need to save for
retirement but still cannot, due to low financial literacy and inability to save.
It should be noted that there are some informal workers with an entrepreneurial spirit
who are in the informal sector by choice. These are largely self-employed business
owners who enjoy the freedoms that self-employment brings. These are also
innovators who have agency and are solution-oriented. They do not fall into the
classification of the urban working poor even though the informality of their work
means they face some of the same barriers with regards to social protection.
6
8. Young &
growing
population
Self-employed urban
informal workers are
mostly engaged in
trade
Banked population
in some
geographies and
especially among
men
Characteristics
of Urban Informal
Workers
Largely belong to
social networks
with strong social
support
Have mobile
phones albeit
simple or
feature phones
Large
households and
mostly live in
informal
settlements or
slums
Rely on social
networks for
financial services e.g.
savings, loans etc.
7
9. Health Related Challenges of
Urban Informal Workers
As the informal economy in developing countries grows,
there are more workers experiencing unstable incomes
and vulnerability to health hazards. Given that most
informal workers are also poor, they tend to aggregate in
marginalized areas of urban centres such as slums
where they face additional risks ranging from poor
access to clean drinking water and hygiene facilities,
education, health care services and decent housing.
Another key challenge is the lack of access to health
insurance, especially in countries that do not have social
health insurance schemes or access to free health care. For
instance in Kenya, only 7 percent of the informal workers
compared to 25 percent of the formal workers’ population contribute
to the National Hospital Insurance Fund, a government-run health
insurance scheme that covers inpatient care.
In other countries with social insurance, like Ghana, the gap between
informal and formal workers is not as striking (51% of formal workers
compared to 42% of informal workers). Lack of health insurance means
that out-of-pocket payments are needed for most health care needs and
this puts a strain on meagre resources. Informal workers in casual
employment who earn daily earnings are particularly at risk due to the
volatility of their financial profile.
8
10. Urban Informal Workers' Health Concerns
H
Too few local health workers to reach informal
workers
facilities to enable easy access
Poor quality of clinical care is a disincentive to
return
Limited or expensive access to medicines and/or
diagnostic tests to complete diagnosis and care
High cost of care requiring out-of-pocket payments
Limited access to information about available
services
Exclusion of the informal workers in formal
decision-making
Time taken in queues is time away from work
and an income
Not enough information on preventive care
9
11. Informal workers consider themselves healthy and have a very high tolerance
toward their own illnesses. Thus health is often given a low priority. Fearing lost
ear
work, resulting in delayed health care. They are not provided with sick leave.
The cost of health care remains a huge barrier. Despite free public health services in
some countries informal workers complained of standard user fees being charged
to receive a prescription from, frequent stock outs of medicines, and the
subsequent need to pay out-of-pocket for medicines at private pharmacies. There
where to get care and health related information on when to seek care leading to
forgoing health care or paying health care costs.
High Opportunity Cost of
Seeking Health Care
Financial barriers aside, informal workers have to make a choice
between working-to earn an income and stay employed-and
seeking health care. There is a high opportunity cost for them, and
most end up only seeking care when they are too sick to work. By
then, the illness may have advanced to an extent where it requires
specialist attention, and therefore is more expensive to treat.
John, 35, a matatu-public-bus-driver in
Nairobi, Kenya has had a long-standing
cough for over 10 years which gets
worse in the morning and in the cold
seasons. He has never sought medical
care for it because it is not severe
enough to stop him from working, and it
go to hospital several times to treat the
cough.
10
12. The health status of
urban informal workers
Data on health outcomes of informal workers is not
readily available – most publicly available data sets
do not distinguish between informal and formal
workers. Most comparable national surveys focus
on either mothers and children, are disease-specific
and form of employment is not seen as a variable
that confers a specific risk, so it is not always
measured. Consequently, there is a huge knowledge
gap about the health of urban informal workers
even when it is clear that they have unique
exposures to risk at home and work, with poor
access to health services. The knowledge gap on
develop policies and programmatic interventions
that are context relevant.
Evidence from South Asia shows that informal
workers are particularly at risk of dangers posed by
poor working conditions. They are exposed to
hazardous chemicals, extreme environmental
weather, and dangerous tools while others sustain
injuries.
PROBLEM 1.1
High incidence
of injuries &
disabilities
PROBLEM 1.2
Severe
consequences
of injuries &
disabilities
PROBLEM 2.1
High incidence
of work/life
related health
problems
PROBLEM 2.2
Limited
use of
appropriate
care
SECTOR SNAPSHOT:
INFORMAL CONSTRUCTION WORKERS HEALTH PROBLEMS*
Problem 1
Injuries &
Disabilities
Problem 2:
Work / life related
health problems
Underlying issues:
Weak political commitment to support rights of informal workers
Lack of society’s support for informal worker’s issues
Weak health systems
Negligence by global financing institutions on workers’ plight
Key drivers of the
choices of informal
workers
Health Networks, Financing,
Quality of Care, Information and
Education, Physical Access
RESEARCH AND SCHEMATIC PROVIDED BY PATH*11
13. There is a high opportunity cost for seeking health care.
Even when ill, many are faced with the dual realities of
loss of income or financial constraints to paying for the
health care, and thus delay seeking out health services.
Urban informal workers who are poor and/or in casual
employment are also at a higher risk of incurring
catastrophic financial expenses on health care.
Many informal workers are socially excluded and often
considered invisible, as their contributions to the
their engagement. This invisibility leads to little or no
attention from decision makers directly designing
systems to address the challanges that informal workers
face. Unless highly organized, urban informal workers are
unlikely to be the target beneficiaries of policy and
programmatic initiatives by municipal authorities.
BARRIERS TO
ACCESSING HEALTH
SERVICES AMONG URBAN
INFORMAL WORKERS
There is limited data and research available on the health needs of urban
informal workers to inform development of appropriate health interventions. In
the few available data sets, gender-related health distinctions that inform
planning for health service delivery are seldom highlighted. Male and female
employment. Women in their reproductive age face challenges when they get
pregnant and deliver. They are unlikely to get adequate maternity leave and are
often forced to return to work before they are fully recovered.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Urban informal workers are hard-to-reach populations for several reasons:1.
Most live in informal settlements or slums which have innate structural
barriers to access.
Poor employment conditions mean that it is not always possible to provide
services at the workplace.
Some, such as migrant workers are likely to be hidden or undocumented.
Unfavourable working hours may mean that services are closed by the
time they leave and return home, and that they are rarely at home even
when home-based services are available to other members of the
community.
Informal workers can also be migratory as they look for employment
-
-
-
-
-
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14. Social networks and informal
safety nets
Social networks among urban informal workers present a great opportunity to address
their health challenges across countries. One example that stands out in Kenya is the
micro savings groups called chamas. Chamas are rotating savings and credit
associations where each member contributes a fixed amount and the total collected is
paid out to one of the members according to a rotating schedule; therefore a group of
12 women contributing US$1 would pay out US$12 to one of the members according
to the schedule. These savings and credit groups, also referred to as
‘merry-go-rounds’ or SACCOs, are popular among urban informal workers, who use
them to augment their savings and insulate themselves against any unanticipated
emergencies such as illness or death.
Using their social capital, communities participate, cooperate, organize and interact, to
rely on informal social networks and safety nets to address their social and health
needs.
HARNESSING COMMUNITY
RESOURCES FOR HEALTH
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15. Not all informal workers have such community support
systems. In India for example, some informal workers
may not have strong community support systems
because they live alone and often have to travel to their
hometowns or rural homes when they fall ill. However,
there are others who live with their extended families
and are taken care of when they fall ill hence they have
links to a stronger support system. Social safety nets
and integrating health delivery options for urban
informal workers.
According to the 2014 Chama Guide compiled
by the Kenya Association of Investment Group
(KAIG), there are over 300,000 chamas in Kenya.
A recent study of informal settlements in Kenya
found that over one quarter of female residents
of the settlements belong to chamas and some
require all their members to purchase health
insurance. In a recent survey, 47 percent of
respondents stated that they had previously
borrowed money to pay for healthcare.
Amongst those who had borrowed funds, 12
percent had done so from chamas and
SACCOs; it was the third most frequently used
source after friends (63%) and family (27%) in
Kenya. Urban informal workers also belong to
various trade unions and associations (for
example, the Kenya National Alliance of Street
Vendors and the Public Transport Operator
Union) that primarily focus on advocacy for
better policy and working environments.
Chamas in Kenya
Zipporah, a clothes seller, is a member of three
merry-go-rounds. She contributes about US$10
and US$15 per month to two of the
merry-go-rounds and gets a lumpsum of US$120
and US$85 at the end of the year. She is also a
member of a third chama where she contributes
US$1 per month that is security for illness and
funeral expenses should they ever arise.
Informal Workers
14
16. “Through text messages on the mobile
phone, we can get information sitting at
home,” explains Mama Njeri from Kenya. “As
soon as I get the time, I will be able to read
the message. If I save the SMS, then I can read
it at a later time once again.”
Community Volunteers as Health Promoters
urban informal workers. In countries with community health workers, busy
informal workers can benefit from visits by such volunteers. The benefit largely
depends on the type of services such volunteers provide and these can include
mobilization for health services, information sharing, counselling, home-based
HIV testing, follow-up of patients on treatment, blood pressure screening,
provision of family planning and other health commodities among others.
to access.
Phone ownership
High penetration of mobile phones among urban informal workers presents
opportunities to improve their health. Mobile phones are a conduit for
information about services, health tips, and in some countries for financial
services. Mobile money transfer services can facilitate movement of funds to
informal workers from family, friends and employers in case of health
emergencies. More advanced financial services that need to be increased
include enrollment and payment for health insurance products.
KHALILSENOSI,ASSOCIATEDPRESS
15
17. between health care knowledge and information, community connections and financial opportunities that have great potential for improving the
health and productivity of urban informal workers.
1. Health Care Knowledge & Information
Most informal workers have poor knowledge of needs and services before and after the onset of an illness.
Opportunities that focus on increasing knowledge of preventive and curative health care can greatly empower
informal workers to make more informed and timely health care decisions, therefore improving health outcomes.
Investments in information on preventive health and health promotion such as good hygiene practices, awareness of
common illnesses and symptoms, ability to accurately judge severity of illness, and understanding the consequences
of delays in seeking treatment is critical for timely uptake of care. Information on curative services may cover
knowledge of illness, treatment service availability and location, process, costs, protocols, duration, and patient rights
when seeking care.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING THE
HEALTH OF URBAN INFORMAL WORKERS
16
18. 2. Leveraging Community Connections
Community connections can have a strong impact on the healthcare experience of informal workers. The
opportunities that enable workers to strengthen their ties within active community networks will create
better healthcare experiences and improved health outcomes. Community based healthcare model
solutions can include community health workers, health care delivery at the community level that intersects
with other social determinants on health such as water and sanitation, and health information posts. Riding
on these networks can be instrumental in breaking social-cultural barriers that prevent or delay
care-seeking, particularly for women.
3. Unlocking Financial Barriers
Financial constraints are one of the major impediments to informal workers seeking and receiving timely, quality care. Some informal workers are
particularly vulnerable to the direct and indirect costs of healthcare, and make healthcare decisions primarily based on their current financial reality.
Opportunities that allow workers to reduce the financial cost of care will encourage them to seek quality care faster, resulting in improved health
outcomes. Encouraging savings, independently and jointly, through self-help groups and minimizing loss of earnings by encouraging quicker
care-seeking when illness is less severe and cheaper to treat, is identified as an important dimension of the multi modal solutions that promote the
health of informal workers.
17