The report discusses what the LMI segments know and feel about the COVID-19 outbreak and examines its effect on them. The report also highlights actionable recommendations for policymakers to design suitable interventions that can help the LMI segment cope better in this difficult situation.
Without 'Digital Health for all', we can never achieve 'Healthcare for all - Universal Healthcare'. Prof. Rajendra Pratap Gupta
This article explores in depth about the current state of the digital health industry, and what the industry and the Government needs to do to transform it. We are at an inflexion point and we cannot lose any more time. We need to work together to make 'Digital Health for All' and 'Universal Digital Health' a reality to ensure 'Healthcare for all'. Without 'Digital Health for all', we can never achieve 'Healthcare for all - Universal Healthcare'. Prof. Rajendra Pratap Gupta
In India, there is considerable potential to leverage mHealth as an alternative healthcare delivery channel. Structural, financial and behavioural factors have created a significant need for such a channel.
For the poor in urban slums, the majority of the programs targeting community health are often to combat communicable diseases or do not prioritize NCD related outcomes.
This global index provides the first-ever snapshot of digital health ecosystems throughout the world and lays the foundation for better informed and more coordinated investments in digital health
Without 'Digital Health for all', we can never achieve 'Healthcare for all - Universal Healthcare'. Prof. Rajendra Pratap Gupta
This article explores in depth about the current state of the digital health industry, and what the industry and the Government needs to do to transform it. We are at an inflexion point and we cannot lose any more time. We need to work together to make 'Digital Health for All' and 'Universal Digital Health' a reality to ensure 'Healthcare for all'. Without 'Digital Health for all', we can never achieve 'Healthcare for all - Universal Healthcare'. Prof. Rajendra Pratap Gupta
In India, there is considerable potential to leverage mHealth as an alternative healthcare delivery channel. Structural, financial and behavioural factors have created a significant need for such a channel.
For the poor in urban slums, the majority of the programs targeting community health are often to combat communicable diseases or do not prioritize NCD related outcomes.
This global index provides the first-ever snapshot of digital health ecosystems throughout the world and lays the foundation for better informed and more coordinated investments in digital health
How is the digital transformation affecting people's life?
A new OECD report shows that impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking.
The value of health to an economy is hard to quantify, but its importance is undeniable. A population’s health plays a key role in economic progress, and in coming years healthcare will be a key area of focus for policymakers, payers,providers and the public alike. Financing the future: Choices and challenges in global health studies the role of healthcare against a backdrop of changing demographic patterns, rising healthcare costs and technological innovation.
HealthCursor Consulting Group India- Distribution and Marketing- Mobile network operators in Africa have identified the growing demand for financial services and micro insurance . Airtel Africa has partnered with MicroEnsure for Mobile Micro Insurance. The range of Airtel-branded insurance products includes life, accident, health, agriculture, and other forms of cover.
Connecting intermediaries, customers and surveyors- ICICI Lombard India's mobile initiative started simply enough, with a set of basic applications that gave customers a consolidated view of all their policies, a reminder service to renew a policy, and a way to track the status of a claim. But as they matured with the mobile platform, they re-visited the paradigm and devised new ways to provide customers with more value-added and user-friendly features. This is however restricted to Auto insurance only.
Encryption, Transactions and handling customer grievance- Public sector general insurance company United India Insurance launched a mobile-based real-time fund transfer facility for payment of premium. M-Power enables customers to renew their policies and also remit the premium for approved proposals. To use this facility, one has to get an MMID (an identification number called - mobile money identifier) from his/her bank and enable one’s mobile with the application given by the bank. However, there are only 10 banks on board with this platform. This initiative follows the launch of its Internet-based sales, customer grievance portal and information-cum-sales kiosks.
Sales, awareness and providing access- Bima, a young Swedish microinsurance company, is using mobile phones to sell as many as three billion new insurance policies to the global poor. Bima, that has begun to access this untapped market, is now one of the largest mobile insurance platforms in the world. In just three years, Bima has acquired 4 million clients in Africa and Asia and is adding 400,000 new subscribers per month. Bima has been tackling many of the obstacles—education, pricing, premium collection—that prevent poor people from obtaining such benefits. For instance, Bima products such as life, accident and health insurance cost "as little as $0.20 to $6.00 a month. Last month, Leapfrog invested $4.25 million in Bima, which will allow the company to expand even further within Africa and Asia as well as reach into new markets in Latin America.
The Future of Patient Centric Data - initial perspectiveFuture Agenda
We are delighted to announce another major Future Agenda project – exploring the potential for more and better patient data to transform healthcare.
During the second half of 2017 a series of events are taking place around the world to bring together different views on how evolutions in data creation, availability and sharing are providing greater autonomy, control and access to patient information while simultaneously ensuring safety and security. Following the well-regarded Future Agenda format, these will be discussions between experts in health, data and adjacent areas exploring how the emerging shifts may evolve, play out and with what implications.
This is the emerging view of some of the key issues that different organisations believe will have impact how we access, share and make better use of patient data. This is the starting point for a wider global discussion that will highlight the most important shifts taking place, their likely effect and implications – as well as the associated security and safety concerns.
Investigating the topic from the perspectives of hospitals, insurance companies, pharmaceuticals, health-care providers, technology firms, advisors, researchers, medical device manufacturers, data managers and regulators, this initiative will not only highlight the global issues but also focus on regional differences and implications.
As with other recent Future Agenda projects on the Future of Trade, Cities and Philanthropy, the Future of Patient Data will produce a comprehensive view of what many different organisations and experts around the world see as the likely direction over the next decade. The resulting report will identify the key benefits, enablers and constraints and where are the major areas for further research, innovation and collaboration.
For this project we have assembled a superb combination of events with hosts including leading companies, universities and governments. The current schedule of events is:
Dubai (27th September) hosted by Herman Miller
Johannesburg (10th October) hosted by Discovery Health
Oslo (30th October) hosted by Accenture
Brussels (9th November) hosted by UCB
Sydney (15th November) co-hosted by TAL, Telstra and Pfizer
Singapore (13th or 20th November) hosted by Accenture
Mumbai (23rd November) co-hosted by Tata Consulting Services
Toronto (early December) co-hosted by Cisco and York University
San Francisco (early December) host TBC
Boston (early December) host TBC
London (14th December) hosted by Accenture
We are also looking at adding extra events as diaries allow in Copenhagen, Munich, Sao Paulo and Tel-Aviv.
As usual, throughout out the project we will share new insights gained from these discussions on Linked-In, SlideShare, Flickr and twitter so that others can comment, add to and challenge the views as they develop. Once the workshops are complete, we will compile a final report similar in format to the recent Future of Cities.
This project x-rays the contribution of the mobile sector to employment creation in Nigeria. The introduction of GSM in Nigeria created an entirely new industry and avenue for employment. Today the telecommunication sector is one of the highest employer of labour in Nigeria in both the formal and informal sector. The intended audience for this project/presentation is anyone interest in knowing the impact of GSM/Mobile in the youth employment in Nigeria.
Challenges and hurdles to implement e health in developing countriesMandirola, Humberto
Health informatics has the potential to show improve-ments in security and quality of patient's care, but its spread has some differences between developed and de-veloping countries. Related to this, the objective of this study is to know which are the challenges and hurdles to improve eHealth in developing countries. We surveyed experts to evaluate their opinion about 5 general ques-tions: economic support by Government for eHealth, Government education or training projects in the field, issues related to cultural or educational problems for the implementation of eHealth, policies in terminology or messaging standards and eHealth status policies for long periods.
Future of Healthcare Provision Jan 2017Future Agenda
Building on insights from our 2015 future of health discussions, this is a new initial view on how healthcare provision may change, especially given emerging opportunities for improved patient engagement. As well as insights from discussions in India, UK, Canada, Singapore and the US it also includes other additional perspectives shared in interviews and workshops over the past 12 months.
We recognise that given the multi-factored nature of this topic and the rapid emergence of new options, what we have summarised in this document is itself in flux. As such, over the next few months we will be sharing this more widely for additional feedback ahead of publication of an updated paper over the summer. So, if you have any comments on changes and additions or issues that you think need more detail, please let us know and we will include.
As with all Future Agenda output, this is being published under creative commons (share alike non commercial) so you are free to share and quote as suits.
This note focuses on the situation of COVID-19 in India and the government’s communication efforts during the pandemic. Based on MSC's research with low- and middle-income households, it highlights how these efforts can be strengthened through the adoption of a Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) campaign.
How is the digital transformation affecting people's life?
A new OECD report shows that impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking.
The value of health to an economy is hard to quantify, but its importance is undeniable. A population’s health plays a key role in economic progress, and in coming years healthcare will be a key area of focus for policymakers, payers,providers and the public alike. Financing the future: Choices and challenges in global health studies the role of healthcare against a backdrop of changing demographic patterns, rising healthcare costs and technological innovation.
HealthCursor Consulting Group India- Distribution and Marketing- Mobile network operators in Africa have identified the growing demand for financial services and micro insurance . Airtel Africa has partnered with MicroEnsure for Mobile Micro Insurance. The range of Airtel-branded insurance products includes life, accident, health, agriculture, and other forms of cover.
Connecting intermediaries, customers and surveyors- ICICI Lombard India's mobile initiative started simply enough, with a set of basic applications that gave customers a consolidated view of all their policies, a reminder service to renew a policy, and a way to track the status of a claim. But as they matured with the mobile platform, they re-visited the paradigm and devised new ways to provide customers with more value-added and user-friendly features. This is however restricted to Auto insurance only.
Encryption, Transactions and handling customer grievance- Public sector general insurance company United India Insurance launched a mobile-based real-time fund transfer facility for payment of premium. M-Power enables customers to renew their policies and also remit the premium for approved proposals. To use this facility, one has to get an MMID (an identification number called - mobile money identifier) from his/her bank and enable one’s mobile with the application given by the bank. However, there are only 10 banks on board with this platform. This initiative follows the launch of its Internet-based sales, customer grievance portal and information-cum-sales kiosks.
Sales, awareness and providing access- Bima, a young Swedish microinsurance company, is using mobile phones to sell as many as three billion new insurance policies to the global poor. Bima, that has begun to access this untapped market, is now one of the largest mobile insurance platforms in the world. In just three years, Bima has acquired 4 million clients in Africa and Asia and is adding 400,000 new subscribers per month. Bima has been tackling many of the obstacles—education, pricing, premium collection—that prevent poor people from obtaining such benefits. For instance, Bima products such as life, accident and health insurance cost "as little as $0.20 to $6.00 a month. Last month, Leapfrog invested $4.25 million in Bima, which will allow the company to expand even further within Africa and Asia as well as reach into new markets in Latin America.
The Future of Patient Centric Data - initial perspectiveFuture Agenda
We are delighted to announce another major Future Agenda project – exploring the potential for more and better patient data to transform healthcare.
During the second half of 2017 a series of events are taking place around the world to bring together different views on how evolutions in data creation, availability and sharing are providing greater autonomy, control and access to patient information while simultaneously ensuring safety and security. Following the well-regarded Future Agenda format, these will be discussions between experts in health, data and adjacent areas exploring how the emerging shifts may evolve, play out and with what implications.
This is the emerging view of some of the key issues that different organisations believe will have impact how we access, share and make better use of patient data. This is the starting point for a wider global discussion that will highlight the most important shifts taking place, their likely effect and implications – as well as the associated security and safety concerns.
Investigating the topic from the perspectives of hospitals, insurance companies, pharmaceuticals, health-care providers, technology firms, advisors, researchers, medical device manufacturers, data managers and regulators, this initiative will not only highlight the global issues but also focus on regional differences and implications.
As with other recent Future Agenda projects on the Future of Trade, Cities and Philanthropy, the Future of Patient Data will produce a comprehensive view of what many different organisations and experts around the world see as the likely direction over the next decade. The resulting report will identify the key benefits, enablers and constraints and where are the major areas for further research, innovation and collaboration.
For this project we have assembled a superb combination of events with hosts including leading companies, universities and governments. The current schedule of events is:
Dubai (27th September) hosted by Herman Miller
Johannesburg (10th October) hosted by Discovery Health
Oslo (30th October) hosted by Accenture
Brussels (9th November) hosted by UCB
Sydney (15th November) co-hosted by TAL, Telstra and Pfizer
Singapore (13th or 20th November) hosted by Accenture
Mumbai (23rd November) co-hosted by Tata Consulting Services
Toronto (early December) co-hosted by Cisco and York University
San Francisco (early December) host TBC
Boston (early December) host TBC
London (14th December) hosted by Accenture
We are also looking at adding extra events as diaries allow in Copenhagen, Munich, Sao Paulo and Tel-Aviv.
As usual, throughout out the project we will share new insights gained from these discussions on Linked-In, SlideShare, Flickr and twitter so that others can comment, add to and challenge the views as they develop. Once the workshops are complete, we will compile a final report similar in format to the recent Future of Cities.
This project x-rays the contribution of the mobile sector to employment creation in Nigeria. The introduction of GSM in Nigeria created an entirely new industry and avenue for employment. Today the telecommunication sector is one of the highest employer of labour in Nigeria in both the formal and informal sector. The intended audience for this project/presentation is anyone interest in knowing the impact of GSM/Mobile in the youth employment in Nigeria.
Challenges and hurdles to implement e health in developing countriesMandirola, Humberto
Health informatics has the potential to show improve-ments in security and quality of patient's care, but its spread has some differences between developed and de-veloping countries. Related to this, the objective of this study is to know which are the challenges and hurdles to improve eHealth in developing countries. We surveyed experts to evaluate their opinion about 5 general ques-tions: economic support by Government for eHealth, Government education or training projects in the field, issues related to cultural or educational problems for the implementation of eHealth, policies in terminology or messaging standards and eHealth status policies for long periods.
Future of Healthcare Provision Jan 2017Future Agenda
Building on insights from our 2015 future of health discussions, this is a new initial view on how healthcare provision may change, especially given emerging opportunities for improved patient engagement. As well as insights from discussions in India, UK, Canada, Singapore and the US it also includes other additional perspectives shared in interviews and workshops over the past 12 months.
We recognise that given the multi-factored nature of this topic and the rapid emergence of new options, what we have summarised in this document is itself in flux. As such, over the next few months we will be sharing this more widely for additional feedback ahead of publication of an updated paper over the summer. So, if you have any comments on changes and additions or issues that you think need more detail, please let us know and we will include.
As with all Future Agenda output, this is being published under creative commons (share alike non commercial) so you are free to share and quote as suits.
This note focuses on the situation of COVID-19 in India and the government’s communication efforts during the pandemic. Based on MSC's research with low- and middle-income households, it highlights how these efforts can be strengthened through the adoption of a Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) campaign.
The report discusses what the LMI segments know, understand, and feel about the COVID-19 outbreak and examines its effect on them. The report also highlights actionable recommendations for policymakers to design suitable interventions that can help the LMI segment cope better in this difficult situation
Inclusive Innovation and Growth strategy- Healthcare IndiaRuchi Dass
Drug Discovery
Crowd Sourcing
Clinical Trials
Analytics
An “inclusive innovation strategy” is a set of policies that connects excluded populations to a nation’s innovation system. It complements frontier innovation by increasing the purchasing power and enhancing income-generating opportunities for the poor population.
Graduation from Poverty versus Graduating from Social Protection – setting t...UNDP Policy Centre
The IPC-IG was honoured to participate in the Transfer Project Workshop, held in Arusha, from 2 to 4 April 2019, where researchers and policymakers gathered to discuss evidence for social protection policies in sub-Saharan Africa. IPC-IG Senior Research Coordinator Fábio Veras delivered the presentation "Graduation from Poverty versus Graduating from Social Protection – Setting the Scene and Discussing the Evidence". The Transfer Project is a partnership between UNICEF, FAO, UNC Chapel Hill, national governments and local research partners.
Professor Lanre Olaniyan: Family Planning, COVID-19 Pandemic and Progress Tow...NigeriaFamilyPlannin
This was presented at the guest lecture on the second day of the 6th Nigeria Family Planning Conference which happened in Abuja from December 7 - 11, 2020.
'The Digital Healthcare Leap' highlights insights into how digital health could be an answer to the emerging markets’ challenge to achieve sustainable growth; and leapfrog the developed nations to provide quality, affordable, universal and patient-centric care.
With increased internet and smartphone penetration, and the arrival of new affordable technological solutions in the market, digital healthcare will eventually become a fundamental business imperative. The challenge to healthcare providers for the future, is to adapt and set strategies that leverage new technology while putting patients at the heart of everything they do.
Handouts on Rapid Analysis of Innovation Response to Covid-19 Pandemic in Nig...KTN
In January 2020, the World Health Organization confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster in Wuhan, China. Since then, the virus has spread all over the world and the year 2020 has become synonymous with this spread and the global response to it.
Africa has not been spared, with the continent recording its first case in February 2020. This global pandemic has continued its devastation in Africa. By the end of June 2020, the situation in our three focus countries were as follows: Kenya (over 6,000 cases and 144 deaths), Nigeria (over 25,000 cases and over 570 deaths) and South Africa (over 150,000 cases and more than 2,650 deaths). This has led to many within the national innovation ecosystems in the three countries to look for ways to address the impacts of the pandemic.
In order to track the impact of the pandemic, AfriLabs and the KTN Global Alliance worked together to deliver a rapid analysis of innovation response to COVID-19 pandemic in Africa, with focus on Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. The aim of the analysis was to inform the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the KTN Global Alliance on how to render effective support to innovation systems in Africa to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as to provide lessons and best practices to strengthen the innovation response to future crises.
Presentation: Expanding Health Coverage for Informal Workers in Low- and Midd...HFG Project
USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) hosted an hour-long webinar on Wednesday, April 5th, on expanding health coverage to informal workers. The webinar presented recent work on efforts to expand health coverage for informal workers in LMICs. In the webinar, panelists from HFG, the International Labor Organization, and Oxfam, presented their work with LMIC stakeholders and global researchers, implementers, and donors who are driving the UHC agenda.
MENA’S HEALTH STARTUPS Unlocking the path to scale &
the future of healthcare .
Authors: William Altman, Habib Haddad, Elias Boustani, Kia Davis and Jamil Wyne.
For more information on this report or the Wamda Research Lab please contact research@wamda.com.
Remote patient monitoring technology is the future of quality care for older adults. Click here to learn the future of remote care technology and older adults. To know more, visit: https://bluestartelehealth.com/
‘Every year, 9.2 million young children (including 3.7 million newborns) and 536,000 mothers die during pregnancy and childbirth, while approximately 76 million unintended pregnancies occur worldwide. The need for strengthened family planning efforts is imperative if the MDGs are to be achieved
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by IFPRI, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Johan Swinnen
(ICAR), and Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences (TAAS)
JUL 6, 2020 - 04:30 PM TO 06:00 PM IST
Similar to Coping with COVID-19 for LMI Segment (20)
This publication discusses the initiatives of the Government of India to increase transparency in the fertilizer distribution system. It also highlights some challenges that persist in the implementation of direct cash transfers in fertilizer and a three-step approach to resolve these challenges.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo offers huge market potential for technology start-ups. The political environment supports entrepreneurship and digital services. The aim of the National Digital Plan is to drive market and improve infrastructure to surge opportunities for financial inclusion.
This demand-side diagnostic study aims to gauge the end-user experience in adopting cashless modes (including cheques) along with the barriers (behavioral and functional) they faced in uptake and usage of cashless solutions.
The case study charts how Shakti Foundation for Disadvantaged Women utilized technology to address the challenge of offering a customer-centric savings product for low-income segments while managing associated risks.
Financial inclusion in Indonesia has been growing slowly. A greater proportion of concerted efforts are being made by MicroSave’s Financial Inclusion Insight programme.
Digital governance or e-Governance can be defined as the use of information and communication technology by the government to provide the quality information and services to citizens, businesses, voluntary organizations, and other government agencies in an efficient, cost-effective, and convenient manner and to bring transparency, accountability in government functioning to strengthen democracy.
This report highlights the impact of COVID-19 on business correspondent (BC) agents in India and the issues they faced while delivering financial services in the wake of the pandemic. It also offers policy recommendations to help BCs offer uninterrupted services.
MSMEs in India have been adversely affected by the lockdown announced as a measure to contain the spread of COVID-19. This report outlines the impact of the pandemic on MSMEs and offers policy recommendations to support their recovery.
L'étude porte sur l'une des causes identifiées du faible taux d'activité des utilisateurs des services financiers digitaux. Spécifiquement, elle propose de : Comprendre les pratiques et outils de gestion financière de la population ivoirienne; Proposer des concepts de produits et services complémentaires aux stratégies financières existantes; Mettre à disposition des acteurs de l'écosystème de la finance digitale un processus pour la conception de produit orientés par le marché.
In this presentation, Anup Singh domain leader of SME Finance domain at MicroSave highlights the key opportunities for the banks in enhancing access to finance to SMEs and also retaining customers through provision of non-financial services. Amongst other things, the focus is on use of automation to enhance efficiency in the processes of SME finance, lower origination cost and reduce turnaround time in expanding access to finance to SMEs.
Weak Bank Mitr networks (with a reported annual attrition rate of 25-35%) in India could severely undermine the PMJDY and the DBT plans of the Government of India. Many Bank Mitrs have stopped offering services because of low commissions for processing G2P payments. However, the government released an Office Memorandum on 16th January 2015 setting the DBT commission rate for rural areas at 1% - much below the costs of delivering the monies and could potentially derail the entire financial inclusion effort of Government of India.
Task Force on Aadhaar-Enabled Unified Payment Infrastructure estimated that a 3.14% DBT commission would be adequate. A new MicroSave costing exercise found that the cost for processing transactions through the agent network is at least 2.63% for each transaction– much higher in more remote rural areas. Prima facie cost to the government for paying DBT commissions appears high, however it could be offset by huge potential savings from reduced administrative costs and reduced payment leakages. A 2011 McKinsey & Company analysis of India’s government payment system, estimated it to be Rs. 1 lakh crore annually (US$22.4 billion).
If the Bank Mitr network needs to be made more sustainable and ensure quality services, an adequate commission rate (MicroSave estimates this to be a minimum of 3%) for the first few years of PMJDY should be considered which can be reduced as the programme scales.
This presentation aims to look into the supply side dynamics and present views of business correspondent network managers (BCNMs). BCNMs are responsible for the operational heavy lifting to make financial inclusion a reality. Thus, the paper highlights some of the key concerns of this critical stakeholder in the financial inclusion process, as well as their perspectives and expectations from various other stakeholders in financial inclusion space.
This presentation is based on a survey conducted by MicroSave in 2014, with fourteen leading BCNMs. The survey included gathering information on a variety of key outreach, transaction and activity metrics and a questionnaire to elicit qualitative aspects of BC operations. The questionnaire had four main components - (i) background and services offered, (ii) technology details, (iii) business management, and (iv) commissions and incentives.
MicroSave conducted the costing study with 4 BCNMs in India. This report discusses key findings related to the costs incurred per transaction by different stakeholders (including banks, BCNMs and BCAs) in facilitating branchless banking transactions. Findings from this study will help policy developers and other stakeholders devise a sustainable delivery model to offer financial services to the financially underserved population in India.
Governance has assumed increasing importance in the Indian microfinance sector over the last few years. With the growth in portfolio and outreach of MFIs, intense competition and stricter regulations, the governance practices of MFIs needed to adapt quickly. Strong governance not only contributes to robust growth of the institution but also avoids the possibility of mission drift. There is a need for prudent corporate governance structure to prevent MFIs from committing the same mistakes they made earlier, which led to a crisis-like situation in the Indian microfinance industry in 2010.
In the light of this context, SIDBI’s PSIG programme commissioned MicroSave to assess the “as-is” status of key corporate governance models followed by Indian MFIs, boards’ roles and responsibilities, executive management and oversight, level of involvement in policy development, corporate oversight and strategic planning process and so on.
The study was accomplished and the report was launched in a conference-cum-workshop on June 3, 2015. The conference was attended by industry stakeholders comprising microfinance practitioners, donors and investors, lenders, and industry experts. The conference presentation captures the summary of the report titled, “Governance Practices among MFIs in India” and provides a snapshot of the governance models adopted by MFIs in India.
This presentation discusses the causes of Andhra Pradesh crisis, how it all started and the possible after-effects. It also examines how the Indian MFIs and the government should respond post this crisis. The presentation concludes with reactions from the clients.
Insurance delivery through mobile phones and agent banking channel has started to excite the insurance and digital finance community alike. Though some initial researches have tried to assess the landscape of mInsurance (insurance through mobile phone or agent chanel), success of the sector will depend on alignment of values across the distribution chain. At the recently concluded conference in College of Agriculture Banking, RBI, MicroSave’s insurance expert Premasis Mukherjee presented on the emerging business models in mInsurance and the apparent value of stakeholders in each of the models. This presentation raises questions on value alignment, challenges of mInsurance models and an abridged strategic tool to launch voluntary mInsurance products.
More from MicroSave - Financial Inclusion Consulting (20)
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
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The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
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1. Coping with COVID-19
A story that focuses on the low and
middle-income segments and their
remarkable achievements, underlying
challenges, shocking misery, and new
opportunities amid COVID-19
A multi-country perspective: Bangladesh, India,
Indonesia, Kenya, and Uganda
June, 2020
2. About this report
The first five months of 2020 has been difficult for all. It has
been rampant with a constant fear of exposure to infection,
information on loved ones and acquaintances becoming
infected, loss of loved ones, and loss of income. For many, food
on the table has been less while for some, unpaid work has
increased.
In this report, we focus on low- and middle-income (LMI)
households, which have uncertain and irregular incomes. In LMI
households, the daily income of the family ranges between USD
0-12. COVID-19 has been just the kind of event they always
feared. Their story of grit and adaptation is worth knowing and
provide critical insights, as global poverty rates are bound to
increase. We start with policy-specific suggestions in slides 3-7,
followed by slides with detailed data insights.
We spoke to 604 LMI households across Bangladesh, India,
Indonesia, Kenya, and Uganda, between 1st and 17th April,
2020. We have synthesized the quantitative and qualitative
findings from these discussions in the following slides.
We also encourage you to visit interactive data analysis here.
2 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
Lead authors:
Akhand Tiwari
Rahul Chatterjee
Graham A. N. Wright
Country teams:
India: Prairna Kaul, Gayatri, Manoshij Banerjee
Bangladesh: Mimansa Khanna, Jakirul Islam
Indonesia: Agnes Salyanty, Rahmatika Febrianti, Alfa Gratia Pelupessy
Kenya: Nancy Kiarie, Olivia Obeiro, Evelyne Matibe, Anup Singh
Uganda: Doreen Ahimbisibwe
Special thanks to:
Data Quality Manager: Mohak Srivastava
Data collection support: In India, Balram, Ravi Kaushal, Sachin, and
Lal Bahadur supported the data collection process.
Review support: Manoj Sharma, Parul Tandon
Copy edit support: Rahul Ganguly
Design support: Kamiya Satija
3. Governments have been successful in building awareness and inducing correct
practices, yet critical gaps remain
The LMI segment has adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice—but that is not enough.
Governments would like to ensure 100% awareness of critical elements, such as key symptoms and prevention measures,
and ensure that everyone practices them.
Please refer to slides 12-23 for more details
What is going well What are the critical gaps between knowledge and action
Knowledge
Close to 90% know that cough and fever can
be symptoms of COVID-19
Attitude
82% believe that the disease is highly fatal. A
similar number believe that staying at home or
practicing social distancing is the most effective
way to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Practice
77% practice social distancing
98% wash their hands with soap and follow some
form of coughing etiquette
Only 36% are aware that breathlessness along with
cough and fever are the most common symptoms of
COVID-19
Only 28% know and could recall the COVID-19 helpline
number
Misconceptions on preventive measures and cure are
common (see slide 12 for details)
Only 17% have been using a face mask (Women 16% &
Men 17%).
7% is the gender gap when it comes to practicing social
distancing
3 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
4. Governments can make communication plans for COVID-19 more inclusive and
focused to drive specific behavior change among women and men
Prioritize messaging
Salience on three most important messages
needs to increase:
When to worry: Cough and fever
What to do: Social distancing, masks
Where to go: Nearest COVID-19
treatment center, helpline number
Broaden information channels
Policymakers need to broaden the sources
of information to include trusted opinion
influencers, such as MFI staff, CICO agents,
and others who interact with low- and
middle-income households.
Control misconceptions
Rebuttal of misconceptions is critical.
While TV in Asia and radio in Africa are trusted channels
for information, social media and word of mouth are the
main source of misconception. Governments should use
these and other person-to-person sources of information,
such as community health workers to curb misconceptions.
WHO launched its “Stop the Spread” campaign to tackle
misinformation and already has started working with the
Government of UK.
Be gender-centric
Governments need to proactively reach out to women,
with specific plans:
Identify channels that engage with women. These
may include: MFIs, savings groups, etc.
Examine options for opinion influencers, such as
health workers and group leaders, to engage in
conversations with women as that is the most
effective method of communication .
4 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
5. Household economics is the greatest worry for LMI households
While 78% of LMI households have either lost their jobs or are earning less, 65% have to depend on savings for survival;
the availability of food is the biggest concern for LMIs, followed by loss of income.
Skill development programs can prepare LMI households for the post COVID world.
• Please refer to slides 20-24 for more details.
• Research by scientists from the University of Minnesota and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health indicate that COVID-19 may last for 18-24 months and it will not be halted until 60-70% of the population is immune.
• Social distancing is here to stay, as per the articles here andhere.
• * In almost all research countries Governments have offered cash and food support programs. However, these programs come at a huge cost for the Government and will not be there for an indefinite period.
Most of the LMI segment will have to rebuild
livelihood as the world reopens. Skilling or
up-skilling programs to build skills, such as
using digital platforms, electrical and
electronic services, local food processing,
among others, will help them participate in
local economies. Indonesia’s pre
employment card program is a case in point.
Specific livelihood and skilling programs for
women must be a core strategy. When it
comes to fending for their families, women
are more likely to be out of options (14%)
compared to men (8%), as they lack
income, loan, savings, and government
support.
Strengthening rural and semi-urban
infrastructure, that is, roads, telephone
networks, the internet, and electricity
will help greatly. Better infrastructure
will link local players to markets.
Greater economic activity will provide
employment and income generation
opportunities to LMI workers.*
Local administrations need to be
incentivized, based on their
performance as they implement
livelihoods, infrastructure, and skilling
programs
Household
income
Skilling Infrastructure
Pillars of local
economic
development
5 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
6. The LMI segment is showing pro-digital behavior—a good sign for governments
that are willing to adopt the digital route to economic growth
However, policymakers need to be aware of the digital divide before going for an all-out digital agenda.
Please refer to slides:27 to 29 for more details
For more than half (57%) of the LMI segment, time spent on their
phone has increased.
44%
Social Media
40%
Reading news
19%
Entertainment apps
19%
Digital payment
Women suffer from a structural challenge— they have lower access to
smartphones (14% gender gap)
40% of the LMI segment decreased their visits to a bank branch. For
banks, this is an opportunity to go fully digital and develop a robust
cash-in cash-out (CICO) channel.
The push from governments toward digital should:
Put more focus on building infrastructure, such as high-speed internet
connectivity and apps in local languages;
Include principles of orality* and gender centrality while designing user
interfaces;
Safeguard the new digital users from the threat of fraud, which is most
likely to flourish in these difficult times;
Conduct high-frequency communication bursts to inform people about
precautions to be maintained on digital platforms—such as not sharing
OTP or PIN, not clicking on random links, not believe calls that offer
prize money, etc.
Motivate and incentivize ground-level frontline workers (CICO agents,
MFI staff, health workers) who have good rapport in the community to
build the confidence of users and help them troubleshoot.
Introduce specific outreach strategy for women, a critical component of
the push to digital, to both increase access to digital devices and build
their confidence in the use of digital services.
1
*”Orality” refers to the modes of thinking, speaking and managing information in societies where technologies of literacy (especially writing and print) are unfamiliar to most people
6 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
2
3 4
7. Women are likely to be forgotten in the pandemic response; a gender-
centrality lens to design and implement policy or program or both will be
essential
• Refer to detailed data insights slides for gender-disaggregated analysis: Slide 15, 28 specifically highlight gender issues with knowledge and household economics.
• Earlier in January, 2020, with support from FDC, we conducted a study of the success factors of 335 women-owned micro-enterprises in 10 districts of India. It identified customer-centricity, business acumen, and business strategy
as the three key ones. Only one-third of women-run enterprises were both successful and sustainable
The economic slowdown will have an impact on women-owned businesses. These are largely in the service sector, which has been hit
the hardest. The economic life of women will have the most disproportionately adverse impact.
Unpaid housework has increased—33% of the LMI segment believe that burden of unpaid work on women has increased—more in Asia
(54%) compared to Africa (12%).
A gender centrality lens means that questions, such
as those mentioned below are addressed:
How do we make sure food support reaches
women (while designing a food distribution
program)?
How do we ensure financial service providers
give credit to women under various credit
stimuli (that most governments have
announced**)?
How do we ensure the right information on
COVID-19 prevention reaches women?
How do we ensure women are part of
enhanced digital outreach?
Specific programs to promote gender equality in economic and social life are
important
Women entrepreneurship hubs that provide customized support to develop business
need to be developed and organized. These hubs provide services, such as access to
information and information on how to build networks. Specialized credit rating
methods or agencies for women enterprises, or both, can be developed too. (Also see
MSC Strategic Insights #7)
The pandemic also provides an opportunity to make it clear that household work is
unpaid work, primarily done by the women in the house. In the short term, policymakers
can issue messages via TV or radio to highlight the economic burden that women carry
while they are at home. An acknowledgment of their importance could change how
women are treated in communities, including changes in gender-based violence,
freedom to make choices, and prevalent caregiving norms.
• **The governments of India, Bangladesh, Indonesia Kenya, and Uganda have announced such supportpackages.
7 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
9. Television is a major source of information on the pandemic, across all
countries
While Kenyans and Ugandans believe in listening to radio,
Indonesians prefer to read social media content.
Women all across prefer engaging in conversation!
30%
41%
18%
17%
27%
Children
The elderly
Those who have
recently travelled
Already sick people
Anyone
TV (76%) and social media (56%) are the two top sources
of information on the pandemic, followed by radio (39%)
and social network# (32%)
Newspapers (14%) and government officials (12%) are not
effective sources of information
Social media is a significantly strong channel in Indonesia
(80%); While radio is a hit in African countries (Uganda:
80%, Kenya: 63%)
Social networks# are a much stronger source of
information for women (40% as against 25% for men)
* Multiple responses were allowed
# Neighbors/Local shop/friends/relatives
Bangladeshis are least aware of the likelihood of
infection—24% mentioned lack of any knowledge on who is
more vulnerable to getting infected by coronavirus
Who is most likely to be affected by COVID-19*
Other responses included Female (6%) and Male (3%)
9 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
10. LMI people have a good awareness of COVID-19 albeit with a few critical
knowledge gaps
77%
59%
60%
33%
Contacting an infected person
Touching infected things like
currency notes, doorknobs, etc.
36%
42%
90%
91%
All three symptoms
Breathlessness
Fever
Cough
People most often hear that coronavirus can be prevented through social distancing (71%) and that maintaining hygiene
and cleanliness will kill the virus (42%)
How does COVID-19 spread?* What are the symptoms of COVID-19*
Global (except Kenya) Kenya
* In Kenya, the question was treated as a multiple response one and in other four countries it was
treated as a single response one. To adjust for this difference in data collection, we have shown this
indicator separately for Kenya and rest of the countries.
Country-wise break-up of
how many respondents
picked all three—cough,
fever, and breathlessness
Bangladesh – 31%
India – 42%
Indonesia – 45%
Kenya - 44%
Uganda – 19%
Ideally, everyone should be aware of the
most common symptoms of COVID-19 and
how it spreads.
10 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
11. Women are affected the most with this knowledge gap
Gender differences regarding knowledge about all the most common symptoms vary across countries
Except in Uganda and Indonesia, women were less likely to be aware of the three most common symptoms of COVID-19—cough, fever, and
breathlessness/
Although majority (62%) of the respondents mentioned that men and women know equally about coronavirus infection.
Who has more awareness about the disease in your family?
62% 23% 15%
Both women and men know equally about COVID-19
Men know more than women
Women know more than men
India39%
32%
23%
25%
46%
Kenya
Bangladesh
Uganda
Indonesia
46%
50%
34%
10%
43%
11 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
12. Misconception or malpractices, though not widespread, are indeed present
across the globe
Across countries, there are a lot of home remedies to cure or prevent COVID-19
• “I have increased my intake of waragi (a crude local gin). I was told that the virus cannot attack a body that is saturated with waragi” -
a respondent in Uganda
• One should always take hot water with lemon every morning and night, it will help kill the virus”- a respondent from Kenya
What people hear about COVID-19 Medicine to cure or prevent COVID-19
In India, COVID-19 is being spread by few specific communities
or groups—both intentionally and unintentionally
COVID-19 virus is a scientific experiment gone wrong
Common symptoms of COVID-19 infection include: running nose
(54%), headache (24%), face turning pale (21%), dizziness (15%).
58% respondents (76% in Indonesia) also reported about medicine
or local solution for the pandemic. These included:
India: Peepal (Ficus religiosa) leaf in oil, hot water, lemon
water, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf and paste, herbs or
spices to boost immunity, chanting mantras, and anti-malarial
or anti-pneumonia medicines
Kenya: Azithromycin, Ibuprofen, Alcohol, neem (Azadirachta
indica) leaf, black tea, and a traditional concoction of lemons,
ginger, garlic, and warm water
Indonesia: Turmeric, lemongrass, herbal drinks, galangal,
betel leaves, palm sugar—all as preventives
Bangladesh: Paracetamol, Chloroquine
Uganda: Walking barefoot
12 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
13. Most LMIs know where and when to go for testing
98% of respondents reported that government-run or government-listed labs, or both, are the “go to” place for testing
and treatment if someone gets infected.
62% of respondents mentioned seeking healthcare as the next step if someone shows COVID-19 symptoms
3%
4%
11%
82%
When your health
worsens severely
Do not know
When the local doctor
recommends testing
As soon as you begin to
show symptoms
When should one go for testing?
More men (36%) than women
(26%) reported social
distancing or isolation as the
next step if someone shows
symptoms.
6%
18%
32%
44%
Others
Call the local health helpline
number
Social distancing or isolation
Consult community health
workers or the nearest hospital
What should be the immediate next step if someone shows
symptoms of COVID-19?
13 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
14. Only 28% of the respondents know and could recall the COVID-19 helpline
number
22%
13%
15%
61%
14%
India
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Kenya
Uganda
Though all five research geographies have a dedicated national COVID-19 helpline number, the recall is quite low. 32%
knew of a helpline but did not remember the number.
The recall of COVID-19 helpline is exceptionally high in Kenya
Women (24%) are less likely to recall the helpline number than men (31%)
Do you know the helpline numbers?
Percentage who said yes, and remembered the number
Country Helpline number
Uganda 0800100066
0800203033
Kenya 719
Indonesia 119
Bangladesh 10655
01944333222
India 23978046
Toll-free: 1075
(Different states have dedicated
helpline numbers too)
“I know there is a helpline number, but I do not remember it off-hand” - a hawker in India
We find a high gender
gap in Bangladesh
16%
14 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
5%
Male Female
16. Almost 80% think that the COVID-19 infection is fatal
1%
7%
8%
82%
Not too fatal, it
is all media
propoganda
Fatal only for
old people
Mildly fatal
Highly fatal
Due to availability bias, most people, both men and women, feel that COVID-19 is highly fatal
How fatal is the COVID-19 infection?
27%
56%
Indonesia
• In Indonesia, only 45% of the respondents believe that
COVID-19 is highly fatal. More women think it is fatal
than men.
• In Indonesia, 40% believe that it is fatal but only for old
people.
“This is a very fatal infection, but that is all I know...” - a farmer in northern India
Male
16 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
Female
17. Social distancing and proper hand washing are seen as the top two most
effective measure to prevent the virus*
People believe that the best ways to prevent infection are to practice social distancing (82%) and proper hand-washing
(78%). Using face masks (22%) comes as a distant third choice.
Which one do you think is most effective for preventing COVID-19?*
5%
5%
22%
78%
82%
Disinfecting home
Having healthy food
Using face mask
Using hand sanitizer/handwashing
with soap
Staying at home/social distancing
Use of resources between men and women
75% of respondents mentioned that men and
women both use household resources, such as
masks, soap, and food equally. Yet, there are
significant variations among countries—Uganda
(89%), Kenya (88%), Bangladesh (73%), India
(69%), and Indonesia (43%).
In Indonesia, 52% of women respondents said
women use the resources more.
The focus on hand-washing is comparatively lower in
Asian countries than African countries
• Asia 71% (India=66%, Bangladesh=76%, Indonesia=75%)
• Africa 85% (Kenya=82% Uganda=89%)
In Uganda, only 3%
mentioned that they
bought face mask for
all family members
17 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
* We asked respondents to mention the top two measures
18. The gap between knowledge and action# seems to be low on social distancing
and handwashing
3%
17%
22%
Stopped having outside food
Bought face masks for all
family members
Got the house thoroughly
cleaned
Practice social distancing 77%
# Knowledge-action gap: the respondent knows about a particular prevention measure but does not practice it. We calculate this gap by doing cross-tabulation between those who know social distancing and handwashing as prevention
measures and those who practicethese
Note: At the time of data collection all research countries except Indonesia were under complete (India, Bangladesh) or partial/limited (Kenya, Uganda) lockdown
98% of respondents mentioned that they are
practicing handwashing with soap.
98% of respondents follow some form of coughing
etiquette; while 52% cover mouth with
handkerchief, 27% cover face with elbow, and
19% use cupped hands while coughing or sneezing
31% of respondents are still going out while
maintaining social distancing
62% are either completely locked down or going
out only in case of emergency.In Indonesia, respondents reported focusing most on getting the house
thoroughly cleaned (50%), followed by social distancing (30%) and getting
face masks for family members (25%).
* Multiple responses were allowed
Our data shows a 20% knowledge-action gap when it comes to social distancing and a 2% knowledge-action gap for
handwashing.
What measures you or your family have taken to prevent What are the prevalent practices?
COVID-19?*
18 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
19. Awareness is high regarding the preventive measures by governments to
control the spread of the pandemic
14%
12%
14%
12%
24%
61%
Community taking its own initiative
Disinfecting the area
Nothing
Advisory kits with oral or printed messages
SMS on phone
Enforcing social distancing
SMS on phone from the government is most
commonly reported in Uganda (54%)
Community-driven initiatives are the strongest in
Bangladesh (36%). Examples include youth in the
village drawing a boundary of bamboo around the
village area, stopping the entry of outsiders in the
village, among others
* Multiple responses wereallowed
19 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
More than or almost half of the respondents in each country mentioned enforcing social distancing as a main response by
the government
How is the government helping you?*
21. Low-income households face a serious economic crisis: 78% respondents
either stopped earning or are earning less
55% 7% 16% 15% 7%
Lost the job
Income remained the same
Income has decreased
Stopped earning wages
Others
• “My boss decided to close the restaurant because of the outbreak.
Now I do not have an income.” – A cake seller in Indonesia
• “Most of my income used to come from making airport transfers.
Ever since flights have stopped, I have had no business.” – A taxi
driver in urban Kenya
51% 31% 18%
I cannot go out to work
Fewer people are coming to the shop to buy goods
My employer has stopped working
In Indonesia, Kenya, and Uganda, both men and women reported an
almost similar impact on income
In India, more men (16%) than women (7%) reported their income
remaining the same even after the pandemic. This could be because
more men are in public sector jobs than women.
In contrast, in Bangladesh, more women (27%) than men (16%)
reported that their income remained the same. 36% of women
mentioned that they have salaries as a means to sustain themselves,
as compared to 19% of men.
*At the time of data collection all research countries except Indonesia were under complete (India, Bangladesh) or partial/limited (Kenya, Uganda) lockdown
21 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
Strict social distancing measures and lockdowns have resulted in loss of income.
Has the COVID-19 outbreak affected your income from Why has your income been affected?
office or work?
*Others include delays in payments and partial payments
22. Disturbing and sad stories are rife among low-income households
Overall, in geographies under lockdown#, 45% of households mention financial crises, out of which 32% mention food
shortage as well.
*At the time of data collection, all research countries except Indonesia were under complete lockdown (India, Bangladesh) or partial/limited lockdown (Kenya, Uganda)
90%
81%
83%
Percentage of people for whom income reduced or
stopped (by location)
Rural
Urban
Semi-urban
The economic crisis is more severe in rural areas. Also
see this and this.
Except for Indonesia (65%), a significantly high number
of respondents in rural areas reported a change in their
income.
For Indonesia, a major reason for income change is
employer stopping the work (28%)
This variation in Indonesia could be due to late
lockdown in the country*
22 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
• “Because I am no longer earning, we have a breakfast of porridge, water, and sweet potato at 11:00 am. The next meal serves as lunch
and supper is at 7:00 pm. We will keep having one meal until the situation stabilizes.” – A businessman in rural Uganda
• We will die out of hunger and not from corona if this lockdown goes on for 10 more days” – A rickshaw puller inBangladesh
• This is the Easter season. Usually around this time, the sales are high. However, this year due to COVID-19, we have not made any
money.” – A produce trader in Kenya
23. For most (65%), savings are getting depleted; but for many (20%), this is not an
option
8%
11%
15%
65%
Government help 1%
Loans from friend and family
No options left if this persists
Salary
Savings
People are mostly surviving on their savings. 15% respondents in Bangladesh and Uganda and 22% in Indonesia reported
that they will not be able to sustain if the situation continues.
How are you fending for yourself*?
Respondents from rural areas (69%) more likely to depend on
savings, than urban (59%) and semi-urban (58%) areas
India (78%) and Uganda (79%) are countries with a high
dependency on savings. For Kenya, it is 65% and 33% for
Indonesia
In Bangladesh, where 39% now depend on savings, there is a
huge gender difference in the number of women (18%)
depending on savings than men (47%).
Further, globally, women are more likely to say that there are
no options to fend for themselves (14%) than men (8%)
23 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
*Respondents were asked to mention the most important contributor to their income
# India, Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda. Our team had finished data collection before the countrywide lockdown was announced inIndonesia
• I do not know… I am a single parent. I have a lot of debt. My savings have exhausted. Perhaps I will ask for a loan… to who else if not to
my boss?” – a maid in Indonesia
• "If this lockdown goes on for two more days, I will commit suicide as I cannot see my children go hungry,” - a rickshaw puller in
Bangladesh
24. “I hate this situation. My work at home has increased so much!” - a woman wage labor in India
Amid low incomes, the burden of unpaid work has increased for women
7% 33% 40% 20%
How has domestic work (particularly cleaning and hygiene) changed in your
household? Has increased for male
member
Has increased for female
member
Has become equal
Was equal always
26% 34% 39%
Who is mainly keeping the family's health in check (for instance, providing
supplements to boost immunity, tending the sick, arranging doctor's appointment)?
Male member
Female member
Both members equally
In Asia, while 59% men accepted that work for women has increased, women did not echo a similar feeling for men;
very few women in Indonesia (18%) , India (9%) and Bangladesh (0%) thought that work for men has increased.
In Kenya (6%) and Uganda (9%), very few men thought work for women has increased. One percent of women in
Uganda and no women in Kenya thought that work for men has increased.
24 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
Bangladesh – has work
become equal?
9%
41%
Male Female
Uganda – has work
become equal?
56%
69%
Male Female
25. Governments are devising interventions to support the economy of poor
households
The direct transfer of cash benefits, waivers, and free ration is at the core of most government interventions.
Country Measures taken by the government to provide food and compensate for loss of income Additional reading
India
Cash subsidy to farmers, widows, old aged people, disabled, Jan Dhan account holders
Free ration
MSC’s state index
Local food system
and COVID-19
Bangladesh
Free or cheap ration distribution
Cash transfer (planned)
Wallet
interoperability in
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Incentives to those affected by the termination of work in the informal sector through pre-
employment card
Training and cash compensation to those who lost their jobs
Increased beneficiaries of basic food program
In-kind food to the poor at the local government level
Launched re-skilling
programs
Kenya
Food supply to poor communities at local levels
Supply of personal protective equipment (masks, sanitizer) to vulnerable populations
Role of DFS agents
during the COVID-19
crisis
Uganda Food supply to vulnerable people
Govt. response to
COVID-19
25 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
26. The biggest concern for the poor is food and hence they expect the
government to be the provider in these times
10%
11%
14%
17%
23%
23%
38%
Identify more cases and treat them
Equipping hospitals and providing facilities
to manage the infected
Ease up rent/mortgage payments for those
out of work during the pandemic
Make more testing available
Implement measures, such as lockdown, to
slow the spread of the virus
Subsidy or payments to the poor
Ensure food supply
India: Demands are mostly related to ensuring food and
income during the lockdown.
Bangladesh: People are mostly concerned about the
leakage in ration provided by the government. This has a
serious impact on food supply. Another demand was to
share the actual numbers of COVID-19 cases
transparently.
Indonesia: The demands are around faster response and
better coordination
Kenya: The demands are to continue the lockdown,
enforce mass testing, supplement income, and implement
less strict implementation without police brutality
Uganda: The demands are for waiving off tariffs for power
and water, postponing loan repayments, sensitizing people
in rural areas, among other things
A common demand across countries was to find a cure for
COVID-19
What recommendations would you make to the government as it tries
to respond to the corona epidemic*?
*Multiple responses recorded
The recovery may follow a U-shaped curve, rather than a V-shaped one, which means that LMIs will need government
support to sustain themselves.
Ensuring food supply is critical. Failure to do so can push the world back to the times of food insecurity, leading to a
rise in rates of malnourishment globally. (Also see this)
Country-level variation among peoples’ demand
26 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
28. A pro-digital practice is sinking in among the poor, including a low to
moderate increase in digital payment
A restriction on mobility or self-induced restriction, or both, have led to increased time on the phone for more than half
of the respondents—mostly on social media 44%, and reading news 40%
Time spent on the phone
increased, 57%
Time spent on the phone
remained same, 43%
44%
40%
19%
5%
19%
More time on Facebook,
WhatsApp, or Instagram
Reading news on the phone
Downloaded and used apps for
entertainment
Downloaded and used new app
to order online food or grocery
Increased use of digital
payment
Time spent on the phone has mostly increased in Kenya
(93%) followed by Indonesia (59%), India (58%) and Uganda
(38%). Bangladesh (26%) reported the lowest increase.
In Kenya, there is a significant
increase in the use of digital
payment (43%) with no visible
gender difference.
More men (63%) than women (51%)
reported an increase in the time
spent on the phone, except for in
Indonesia
70% of men reported having a
smartphone compared to 56% of
women
60%
Indonesia – time on the phone
33%
9%
57%
Male Female
Bangladesh – time on the phone
Male Female
28 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
29. Although financial transactions have decreased in general, how physical cash
is being used has changed significantly
5%
1%
12%
6%
16%
32%
40%
30%
25%
48%
62%
59%
58%
69%
37%
Increased Decreased Remained same
Use of physical cash
Use of debit cards
Use of CICO agents
Use of bank branch
Use of ATM
The use of cash increased the most
in Kenya (35%), followed by Uganda
(18%), and India (9%).
The decrease in the use of debit cards
is very high among males in
Bangladesh (79%), India (34%),
Indonesia (30%), followed by Kenya,
where it is similar for men and women
(24%)
The use of CICO agent points has
seen an increase in India (12%),
Uganda (11%) and Kenya (23%)
The decrease in the use of bank
branch is the highest in India
(72%). While banking is listed as
essential service, India has been
pushing the use of CICO agents.
29 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
The use of debit cards and ATMs are the least impacted. Further, it seems that a decrease in the use of the bank has
pushed the use of both physical cash and CICO agents
The use of cash has both increased and decreased. The decrease could be due to both fewer transactions and fear of the spread of
infection through cash. The increase in the use of cash is because the LMI segment is keeping cash at home to meet expenses. This also
explains the increased use of CICO agents. In a parallel study by MSC, more than 60% of the agents mention an increase in daily cash-in
cash-out transactions
31. 31 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
Study design
The objective of the research Study design
Countries: India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya, and Uganda
Location divide: Rural, urban, and peri-urban areas
Sample size: 604
• India=144, Bangladesh=80, Indonesia=80, Kenya=153,
• Uganda=147
Method: Telephonic survey
Data collectors were trained in detail about how to ask questions,
where to probe, how to record responses, etc.
Data quality was assured through virtual spot checks, telephonic
back checks, review of audio recordings, and concurrent checking of
data
Owing to low and non-representative samples from each country,
the findings are directional and indicative, and cannot be
generalized.
Owing to the differences between countries in the COVID-19
situation and sample distribution, cross-country comparison of
indicators has not been done. Instead, we present global aggregate-
level findings and country-specific insights in this report.
The objective of the research was to assess the following:
Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards the COVID-19 virus
Practices adopted to prevent COVID-19
Impact on social behavior, gender roles, digital life, and
household economics
The government’s response: actual and expectation
Knowledge Attitude Practice
Economic
impact
Impact on digital
ecosystem Gender
33. Sample distribution
The sample is mostly young to middle-aged with a near-equal distribution of gender and location (urban/rural)
19%
59%
20%
2%
Age (in years)
16-25 26-40 41-60 60+
37%
17%
46%
Location
Urban Peri-urban Rural
52%
48%
Gender
Male Female
33 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
34. Some of our partners and clients
MSC is recognized as the world’s local expert in economic, social and
financial inclusion
International financial,
social & economic inclusion
consulting firm with 20+
years of experience
180+ staff in 11
offices around the
world
Projects in ~65
developing countries
Our impact so far
34 All rights reserved. This documentis proprietary and confidential.
Developed
275+ FI products
and channels now usedby
55 million+ people
550+
clients
Trained 9,000+
leading FI specialists globally
Implemented
>850 DFS projects
>850
publications
Assisted development of digital
G2P services used by
875 million+ people
35. Asia head office
28/35, Ground Floor, Princeton Business Park,
16 Ashok Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 226001
Tel: +91-522-228-8783 | Fax: +91-522-406-3773 | Email: manoj@microsave.net
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Shelter Afrique House, Mamlaka Road,
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