The document discusses magnetism at the atomic level. It explains that magnetic domains are groups of atoms whose magnetic fields are aligned, allowing some materials to become magnetized when most or all domains are similarly oriented. It provides examples of ferromagnetic materials like iron and cobalt that strongly exhibit magnetism due to aligned domains. Magnets can be made by placing unmagnetized ferromagnetic materials in strong magnetic fields or by rubbing them with magnet poles, and can be destroyed by impacts, heating, or breaking them into smaller magnet pieces.

1. Inside a Magnet

2. Domain Theory Atoms point in random directions in most materials therefore canceling out each others magnetic fields If magnetic fields in a group of atoms are aligned with one another they create a magnetic domain.

3. Alignment of Domains When many or all domains are pointing the same direction, the material becomes magnetized.

4. Magnetic Materials Ferromagnetic Materials- materials that show strong magnetic properties (its magnetic domains are aligned) Examples in nature: iron, nickel, cobalt, and gadolinium

5. Alloy magnets- made from several different materials Alnico ( Al uminum, ni ckel, i ron, co balt) Ferrite magnets- mixture of substances that contain ferromagnetic elements Stronger and less expensive than metal magnets

6. Making and Changing Magnets 2 ways to make magnets Place unmagnetized ferromagnetic material in the presence of a strong magnetic field Rubbing ferromagnetic materials with one pole of a magnet

7. Temporary magnet- easy to magnetize, but easily loses its magnetism Permanent magnet- hard to magnetize, but keeps its magnetism for a long period of time

8. 2 Ways to destroy a magnet Drop or strike a magnet hard Heat a magnet

9. Breaking Magnets

10. Breaking magnets When you break a magnet, you end up with two smaller magnets Due to domains all being aligned, the more times you break a magnet, the more mini magnets you end up with.