Inleiding Wegontwerp les 4
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Knooppunten, aansluitingen en kruispunten
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Inleiding Wegontwerp les 3
Dwarsprofiel, profielen van vrije ruimte, veiligheidszones, verkeersstromen
Railway station and YARD
Brief Introduction of
* Purposes of railway station
* Site selection for railway station
* Requirements of railway station
* Classification of stations
* Classification of Yards
Tunnels surevey
Tunnel surveying is a type of underground surveying used to construct tunnels. It involves aligning the tunnel center line underground and transferring it to the tunnel. Leveling of the surface and internal tunnel is also done. There are different types of tunnels based on use such as traffic, hydro power, and public utility tunnels. Construction methods include cut-and-cover, bored tunnel, pipe jacking, and box jacking. Tunnel shapes are commonly circular or horseshoe. A gyroscope is a device that measures rotational changes and is used during tunnel construction in the absence of GPS to help with orientation underground.
Traffic engineering IVHS
This document discusses an intelligent transportation system where vehicles and highways can exchange information through two-way communication, allowing vehicles to travel under computer control in closely spaced platoons. Vehicles would continuously share information like speed, braking, and road conditions with other nearby vehicles and traffic centers. Sensor data would be processed and sent back to each vehicle to guarantee continuous information exchange.
Manual drenagem rodovias
O documento apresenta o manual de drenagem de rodovias do DNIT, com informações técnicas sobre projeto, dimensionamento e componentes de sistemas de drenagem para rodovias. A segunda edição do manual foi revisada e atualizada com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para projetistas realizarem projetos de drenagem rodoviária de forma eficiente e moderna.
Bridge engineering
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering. It defines a bridge as a structure that allows passage over an obstacle without blocking the way underneath. Bridges are critical infrastructure for transportation. The document outlines the key components of bridges, including the substructure (abutments, piers, foundations), superstructure (decking, parapets, bearings), and different classifications of bridges based on materials, purpose, lifespan, spans and loads. It provides examples of different bridge types like beam, cantilever, arch, truss and suspension bridges. Finally, it highlights some landmark bridges in India like the Dhola Sadiya, Pamban and Bandra-Worli sea link bridges.
Basics of Transportation Engineering
Modes of transportation and its importance
Classification of roads
Types of pavements
Cross sections of road and railway
Causes of damage to roads
Traffic signs and signals
Significance of transportation in nation's development
Role of engineers in transportation.
Highway notes (planning, alignment, & geometric design )
This document provides an overview of transportation engineering and different modes of transportation. It discusses highways, railways, airways, and waterways in detail. For highways, it covers their historical development in India including key committees and acts that helped develop the road network like the Jayakar Committee, Central Road Fund, and Motor Vehicles Act. It also discusses classification of highways in India based on various factors.
Recommended
Inleiding Wegontwerp les 3
Dwarsprofiel, profielen van vrije ruimte, veiligheidszones, verkeersstromen
Railway station and YARD
Brief Introduction of
* Purposes of railway station
* Site selection for railway station
* Requirements of railway station
* Classification of stations
* Classification of Yards
Tunnels surevey
Tunnel surveying is a type of underground surveying used to construct tunnels. It involves aligning the tunnel center line underground and transferring it to the tunnel. Leveling of the surface and internal tunnel is also done. There are different types of tunnels based on use such as traffic, hydro power, and public utility tunnels. Construction methods include cut-and-cover, bored tunnel, pipe jacking, and box jacking. Tunnel shapes are commonly circular or horseshoe. A gyroscope is a device that measures rotational changes and is used during tunnel construction in the absence of GPS to help with orientation underground.
Traffic engineering IVHS
This document discusses an intelligent transportation system where vehicles and highways can exchange information through two-way communication, allowing vehicles to travel under computer control in closely spaced platoons. Vehicles would continuously share information like speed, braking, and road conditions with other nearby vehicles and traffic centers. Sensor data would be processed and sent back to each vehicle to guarantee continuous information exchange.
Manual drenagem rodovias
O documento apresenta o manual de drenagem de rodovias do DNIT, com informações técnicas sobre projeto, dimensionamento e componentes de sistemas de drenagem para rodovias. A segunda edição do manual foi revisada e atualizada com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para projetistas realizarem projetos de drenagem rodoviária de forma eficiente e moderna.
Bridge engineering
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering. It defines a bridge as a structure that allows passage over an obstacle without blocking the way underneath. Bridges are critical infrastructure for transportation. The document outlines the key components of bridges, including the substructure (abutments, piers, foundations), superstructure (decking, parapets, bearings), and different classifications of bridges based on materials, purpose, lifespan, spans and loads. It provides examples of different bridge types like beam, cantilever, arch, truss and suspension bridges. Finally, it highlights some landmark bridges in India like the Dhola Sadiya, Pamban and Bandra-Worli sea link bridges.
Basics of Transportation Engineering
Modes of transportation and its importance
Classification of roads
Types of pavements
Cross sections of road and railway
Causes of damage to roads
Traffic signs and signals
Significance of transportation in nation's development
Role of engineers in transportation.
Highway notes (planning, alignment, & geometric design )
This document provides an overview of transportation engineering and different modes of transportation. It discusses highways, railways, airways, and waterways in detail. For highways, it covers their historical development in India including key committees and acts that helped develop the road network like the Jayakar Committee, Central Road Fund, and Motor Vehicles Act. It also discusses classification of highways in India based on various factors.
Air port presentation 6th unit
The document discusses runway and taxiway design standards. It covers topics like basic runway length determination, corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradients. It provides geometric design standards for runway length, width, safety areas, gradients, and sight distances. For taxiways, it discusses design considerations like length, width, safety areas, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. It also covers visual aids like airport markings and lighting for runways, taxiways, and other areas to assist pilots.
Selection of Alignment & importance of track drainage
This document discusses factors that affect railway alignment selection and the importance of track drainage. It lists 11 factors that influence alignment choices, including gauge, topography, stations/yards, and economics. Proper track drainage is also emphasized as crucial for track maintenance. Water can soften formations and cause ballast loss if not drained quickly. Good drainage ensures water flows off the track through clean ballast, sloped formations, and side drains. Maintaining drainage is important for track quality and reducing wear on components.
Compass Surveying
Compass surveying is a type of surveying in which the directions of surveying lines are determined with a magnetic compass, and the length of the surveying lines are measured with a tape or chain or laser range finder. The compass is generally used to run a traverse line.
Signals on Railway
Railway Signaling: Introduction to Signals, Objective of signals. Types of Signals, Operating Characteristics, Functional Characteristics, Locational Characteristics, Special Characterstics
Elements of road x-section
The document discusses the typical elements that make up the cross-section of a road, including the traveled way, roadway, median, shoulders, kerb, traffic barriers, drainage channels, and side slopes. It provides details on the purpose and design considerations for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. The key factors in selecting appropriate cross-section elements are the expected traffic volumes and composition, as well as safety and physical constraints of the area where the road is located.
Highways and motorways of pakistan
It tells you about the difference between highway and Motorway, Highway and Expressway. And some of the National Highways And Motorways of Pakistan.
Creep of Rails.pdf
Creep is the gradual longitudinal movement of rails in the direction of dominant traffic over time. It is caused by various factors like wave action from moving loads, percussion from wheel impacts at joints, drag from locomotive wheels, and thermal expansion/contraction. Creep can be measured using creep indicators and causes issues like disturbed track geometry and signaling. Sections prone to high creep include grade transitions, structures, and points/crossings. Preventative methods include pulling rails back periodically, using anchors to fix rails to sleepers, and installing steel sleepers for increased stiffness.
Types of Road Curves
The document discusses different types of curves used in roadway design including circular, compound, reverse, and transition curves. Transition curves are used to gradually introduce changes in direction between two tangent lengths of roadway. They provide a comfortable ride for vehicles and enhance the aesthetics of highways, interstates, and other high-speed roads. Super elevation, or banking of the outer edge of the road higher than the inner edge, is also discussed as a way to help vehicles stability and safely navigate curves at higher speeds.
Points and crossings ( special assigments )
Points and crossings are arrangements that allow trains to move between tracks. They consist of movable rails called switches or tongues that can divert trains left or right. Crossings provide gaps in the rails so trains can move between intersecting tracks. Together, switches and crossings form turnouts that allow trains to change routes. Proper placement and angles of switches and crossings are necessary for train wheels to safely navigate between tracks.
BEARING AND ITS TYPES
This document discusses different types of bearings used in surveying, including true bearing, magnetic bearing, grid bearing, and arbitrary bearing. It defines bearings as the horizontal angle between a survey line and reference line or meridian. The document also covers designation of bearings using the whole circle bearing system and quadrantal bearing system, computation of included angles from bearings, and the different types of reference meridians used, such as magnetic, true, and arbitrary.
Vertical alignment of highways
The document discusses various aspects of vertical alignment in transportation infrastructure design and construction. It covers key components like gradient and ruling, the effects of gradient on vehicle resistance, and the design of vertical curves including summit and valley curves. Design parameters discussed include sight distance, centrifugal force, and length determination based on these factors. Equations are provided for calculating curve length and heights. The document also includes examples of previous questions asked on these topics in civil engineering examinations.
Chain surveying
Chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. ... The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and sometime cross staff. It is a system of surveying in which sides of various triangles are measured directly in the field and NO angular measurements are taken.
Cross Section of Permanent Way.pdf
1. The document discusses the components and requirements of an ideal permanent way for railways, including rails, sleepers, ballast, and their functions.
2. Different types of rails, sleepers, and ballast materials are described, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Concrete, steel, and cast iron sleepers are commonly used due to their longer lifespan compared to wooden sleepers. Broken stone is considered the best ballast material due to its hardness and drainage properties.
3. An ideal permanent way provides a stable, level track that can safely and efficiently support train traffic while minimizing costs and requiring minimal maintenance over time.
RAILWAYS,HARBOR, TUNNEL ENGINEERING
This document discusses tools and equipment used for railway track maintenance. It outlines the objectives of maintenance to prolong the life of tracks and rolling stock and increase safety. Good maintenance allows for higher train speeds, fuel savings, and more passenger usage. Tracks require maintenance due to deterioration from train loads, weathering, and curvature effects. Maintenance includes daily checks using hand tools and periodic rebuilding every 2-3 years using both hand tools and mechanical equipment like lifting jacks and tampers to realign tracks, level ballast, and replace worn components like crossings and tunnels. Common hand tools are rail gauges, spanners, picks, shovels and levels, while mechanical tools help lift and align larger sections of track.
Rail Joints.pdf
Rail joints-Requirements of an Ideal Rail Joint-Types-Supported joint-Suspended joint-Bridge joints-Square joint-Staggered joint -Standard Joint-Compromise joints-Fish Plates -Insulated Joints-Expansion Joint
Rails, Types, Joints, Creep, Failure of Rails and Welding of Rails
The document discusses rails used in railway tracks. It defines different types of rails including double headed, bull headed, and flat footed rails. Flat footed rails, also called Vignoles rails, are now most commonly used. Standard rail sections used in Indian railways, such as 52kg and 60kg, are presented. Requirements of an ideal rail and factors affecting rail wear and failure are explained. Methods to reduce rail wear include use of special alloys, track maintenance, reducing expansion gaps, and lubricating rails.
Vertical alignment of highway (transportation engineering)
Vertical curves are used in highway design to gradually transition between two different slopes or grades. There are two main types - crest vertical curves, which are used on roadway tops, and sag vertical curves, which are used on dips. The minimum length of a vertical curve is determined based on providing the required stopping sight distance for a given design speed. Additional criteria like passenger comfort, drainage, and appearance may also influence the curve length selected. Longer vertical curves generally provide a smoother ride but require more construction costs.
Geometric design of the track
Geometric design of tracks aims to provide smooth and safe running of trains at maximum speed while carrying heavy loads. This involves proper design of gradients, curvature, and super elevation (cant).
There are different types of gradients - ruling gradient which is the maximum gradient permitted, momentum gradient which is steeper and uses train momentum, and pusher gradient requiring extra locomotives. Gradients are designed considering train performance and load. Curvature introduces greater resistance requiring grade compensation of ruling gradients.
Super elevation (cant) involves raising the outer rail on curves to counteract centrifugal forces. Equilibrium cant provides equal wheel load distribution. Higher speeds result in cant deficiency which must be limited for passenger safety. Contrary flexures like
Highway geometric design
The document discusses key aspects of highway geometric design. It defines geometric design as dealing with the visible dimensions and layout of highways, which aims to fulfill requirements for driver comfort, efficiency and safety. Proper design can help reduce accidents and severity. Factors affecting design include design speed, topography, traffic, environment, economics, vehicle properties, and human characteristics. Highway alignment involves both horizontal and vertical positioning, with horizontal alignment comprising straight sections connected by curves. Super elevation provides transverse sloping across curves to counteract centrifugal force. Pavement design involves layered structures above the subgrade to provide an acceptable ride quality and other factors.
Unit 2
This document discusses the key concepts of geometric design of highways. It defines geometric design as dealing with the visible dimensions and layout of a highway. The goals of geometric design are to maximize comfort, safety and economy while providing efficient traffic operation. Some key factors that influence geometric design are design speed, topography, traffic, environment and cost. The document outlines various elements of highway cross-sections including the carriageway, shoulders, roadway width, right of way and median. It also discusses horizontal and vertical alignment, types of alignment, and considerations for factors like gradient, sight distance and curves.
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The document discusses runway and taxiway design standards. It covers topics like basic runway length determination, corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradients. It provides geometric design standards for runway length, width, safety areas, gradients, and sight distances. For taxiways, it discusses design considerations like length, width, safety areas, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. It also covers visual aids like airport markings and lighting for runways, taxiways, and other areas to assist pilots.
Selection of Alignment & importance of track drainage
This document discusses factors that affect railway alignment selection and the importance of track drainage. It lists 11 factors that influence alignment choices, including gauge, topography, stations/yards, and economics. Proper track drainage is also emphasized as crucial for track maintenance. Water can soften formations and cause ballast loss if not drained quickly. Good drainage ensures water flows off the track through clean ballast, sloped formations, and side drains. Maintaining drainage is important for track quality and reducing wear on components.
Compass Surveying
Compass surveying is a type of surveying in which the directions of surveying lines are determined with a magnetic compass, and the length of the surveying lines are measured with a tape or chain or laser range finder. The compass is generally used to run a traverse line.
Signals on Railway
Railway Signaling: Introduction to Signals, Objective of signals. Types of Signals, Operating Characteristics, Functional Characteristics, Locational Characteristics, Special Characterstics
Elements of road x-section
The document discusses the typical elements that make up the cross-section of a road, including the traveled way, roadway, median, shoulders, kerb, traffic barriers, drainage channels, and side slopes. It provides details on the purpose and design considerations for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. The key factors in selecting appropriate cross-section elements are the expected traffic volumes and composition, as well as safety and physical constraints of the area where the road is located.
Highways and motorways of pakistan
It tells you about the difference between highway and Motorway, Highway and Expressway. And some of the National Highways And Motorways of Pakistan.
Creep of Rails.pdf
Creep is the gradual longitudinal movement of rails in the direction of dominant traffic over time. It is caused by various factors like wave action from moving loads, percussion from wheel impacts at joints, drag from locomotive wheels, and thermal expansion/contraction. Creep can be measured using creep indicators and causes issues like disturbed track geometry and signaling. Sections prone to high creep include grade transitions, structures, and points/crossings. Preventative methods include pulling rails back periodically, using anchors to fix rails to sleepers, and installing steel sleepers for increased stiffness.
Types of Road Curves
The document discusses different types of curves used in roadway design including circular, compound, reverse, and transition curves. Transition curves are used to gradually introduce changes in direction between two tangent lengths of roadway. They provide a comfortable ride for vehicles and enhance the aesthetics of highways, interstates, and other high-speed roads. Super elevation, or banking of the outer edge of the road higher than the inner edge, is also discussed as a way to help vehicles stability and safely navigate curves at higher speeds.
Points and crossings ( special assigments )
Points and crossings are arrangements that allow trains to move between tracks. They consist of movable rails called switches or tongues that can divert trains left or right. Crossings provide gaps in the rails so trains can move between intersecting tracks. Together, switches and crossings form turnouts that allow trains to change routes. Proper placement and angles of switches and crossings are necessary for train wheels to safely navigate between tracks.
BEARING AND ITS TYPES
This document discusses different types of bearings used in surveying, including true bearing, magnetic bearing, grid bearing, and arbitrary bearing. It defines bearings as the horizontal angle between a survey line and reference line or meridian. The document also covers designation of bearings using the whole circle bearing system and quadrantal bearing system, computation of included angles from bearings, and the different types of reference meridians used, such as magnetic, true, and arbitrary.
Vertical alignment of highways
The document discusses various aspects of vertical alignment in transportation infrastructure design and construction. It covers key components like gradient and ruling, the effects of gradient on vehicle resistance, and the design of vertical curves including summit and valley curves. Design parameters discussed include sight distance, centrifugal force, and length determination based on these factors. Equations are provided for calculating curve length and heights. The document also includes examples of previous questions asked on these topics in civil engineering examinations.
Chain surveying
Chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. ... The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and sometime cross staff. It is a system of surveying in which sides of various triangles are measured directly in the field and NO angular measurements are taken.
Cross Section of Permanent Way.pdf
1. The document discusses the components and requirements of an ideal permanent way for railways, including rails, sleepers, ballast, and their functions.
2. Different types of rails, sleepers, and ballast materials are described, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Concrete, steel, and cast iron sleepers are commonly used due to their longer lifespan compared to wooden sleepers. Broken stone is considered the best ballast material due to its hardness and drainage properties.
3. An ideal permanent way provides a stable, level track that can safely and efficiently support train traffic while minimizing costs and requiring minimal maintenance over time.
RAILWAYS,HARBOR, TUNNEL ENGINEERING
This document discusses tools and equipment used for railway track maintenance. It outlines the objectives of maintenance to prolong the life of tracks and rolling stock and increase safety. Good maintenance allows for higher train speeds, fuel savings, and more passenger usage. Tracks require maintenance due to deterioration from train loads, weathering, and curvature effects. Maintenance includes daily checks using hand tools and periodic rebuilding every 2-3 years using both hand tools and mechanical equipment like lifting jacks and tampers to realign tracks, level ballast, and replace worn components like crossings and tunnels. Common hand tools are rail gauges, spanners, picks, shovels and levels, while mechanical tools help lift and align larger sections of track.
Rail Joints.pdf
Rail joints-Requirements of an Ideal Rail Joint-Types-Supported joint-Suspended joint-Bridge joints-Square joint-Staggered joint -Standard Joint-Compromise joints-Fish Plates -Insulated Joints-Expansion Joint
Rails, Types, Joints, Creep, Failure of Rails and Welding of Rails
The document discusses rails used in railway tracks. It defines different types of rails including double headed, bull headed, and flat footed rails. Flat footed rails, also called Vignoles rails, are now most commonly used. Standard rail sections used in Indian railways, such as 52kg and 60kg, are presented. Requirements of an ideal rail and factors affecting rail wear and failure are explained. Methods to reduce rail wear include use of special alloys, track maintenance, reducing expansion gaps, and lubricating rails.
Vertical alignment of highway (transportation engineering)
Vertical curves are used in highway design to gradually transition between two different slopes or grades. There are two main types - crest vertical curves, which are used on roadway tops, and sag vertical curves, which are used on dips. The minimum length of a vertical curve is determined based on providing the required stopping sight distance for a given design speed. Additional criteria like passenger comfort, drainage, and appearance may also influence the curve length selected. Longer vertical curves generally provide a smoother ride but require more construction costs.
Geometric design of the track
Geometric design of tracks aims to provide smooth and safe running of trains at maximum speed while carrying heavy loads. This involves proper design of gradients, curvature, and super elevation (cant).
There are different types of gradients - ruling gradient which is the maximum gradient permitted, momentum gradient which is steeper and uses train momentum, and pusher gradient requiring extra locomotives. Gradients are designed considering train performance and load. Curvature introduces greater resistance requiring grade compensation of ruling gradients.
Super elevation (cant) involves raising the outer rail on curves to counteract centrifugal forces. Equilibrium cant provides equal wheel load distribution. Higher speeds result in cant deficiency which must be limited for passenger safety. Contrary flexures like
Highway geometric design
The document discusses key aspects of highway geometric design. It defines geometric design as dealing with the visible dimensions and layout of highways, which aims to fulfill requirements for driver comfort, efficiency and safety. Proper design can help reduce accidents and severity. Factors affecting design include design speed, topography, traffic, environment, economics, vehicle properties, and human characteristics. Highway alignment involves both horizontal and vertical positioning, with horizontal alignment comprising straight sections connected by curves. Super elevation provides transverse sloping across curves to counteract centrifugal force. Pavement design involves layered structures above the subgrade to provide an acceptable ride quality and other factors.
Unit 2
This document discusses the key concepts of geometric design of highways. It defines geometric design as dealing with the visible dimensions and layout of a highway. The goals of geometric design are to maximize comfort, safety and economy while providing efficient traffic operation. Some key factors that influence geometric design are design speed, topography, traffic, environment and cost. The document outlines various elements of highway cross-sections including the carriageway, shoulders, roadway width, right of way and median. It also discusses horizontal and vertical alignment, types of alignment, and considerations for factors like gradient, sight distance and curves.
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Inleiding Wegontwerp les 4
- 1. Hogeschool Windesheim Wegontwerp en -inrichting Les 4: Knooppunten, aansluitingen en kruispunten Ir Adriaan Walraad MBA
- 2. Inhoud • Keek op de week • Korte terugblik op de vorige les • Wat gebeurt er na een ontwerp • Knooppunten, aansluitingen en kruisingen Definities Hoofdvormen van kruispunten Knooppunten Aansluitingen Kruispunten GOW en ETW
- 4. Definities • Knooppunt Een ongelijkvloers kruispunt van twee autosnelwegen of twee (nationale of regionale) stroomwegen • Aansluiting Een ongelijkvloers kruispunt van een autosnelweg met een niet- autosnelweg of van een (nationale of regionale) stroomweg met een gebiedsontsluitingsweg • Kruispunt Kruisvormige ontmoeting van wegen, waar het verkeer van weg mag wisselen • Kruising Kruisvormige ontmoeting van wegen, waar het verkeer NIET van weg mag wisselen
- 6. Hoofdvormen van kruisingen en kruispunten SW GOW ETW SW Knooppunt Aansluiting Ongelijkvloerse kruising GOW Gelijkvloers kruispunt met voorrangsregeling Gelijkvloers kruispunt met voorrangsregeling ETW Ongeregeld gelijkvloers kruispunt
- 7. Soorten knooppunten 1. Gelijkvloers knooppunt met verkeersregelinstallatie 2. Verkeersplein 3. Klaverbladknooppunt 4. Trompetknooppunt 5. Windmolenknooppunt 6. Turbineknooppunt 7. Sterknooppunt
- 8. Soorten knooppunten • Gelijkvloers kruispunt met VRI & verkeersplein
- 9. Soorten knooppunten • Klaverblad, trompet, windmolen, turbine en ster
- 11. Klaverturbineknooppunt 1,5 km 160 m 250 m 500 m
- 12. Sterknooppunt
- 15. Soorten aansluitingen 1. Verkeersplein 2. Haarlemmermeeraansluiting 3. Half-klaverbladaansluiting 4. Een combinatie van de laatste twee
- 16. Verkeersplein
- 19. Basisvormen kruispunten GOW, ETW Ongelijkvloerse kruispunten Gelijkvloerse kruispunten Verkeersplein Verkeersplein Haarlemmermeer Rotonde Halfklaverblad Voorrangskruispunt Quadrantoplossing Kruispunt met verkeersregelinstallatie Ongeregeld kruispunt
- 20. Verkeerspleinen
- 21. Soorten rotondevormen • Enkelstrooksrotondevormen • Twee- of meerstrooksrotondevormen • Turborotondevormen
- 22. Turborotondes • Basis, ei, (gestrekte) knie, spiraal, rotor, ster
- 23. Turborotondes
- 24. Turboplein
- 26. Verdeling 3,4,5-taks kruispunten BIBEKO? 81% 17% 2% Drietaks Viertaks Anders
- 29. Voor- en nadelen van een VRI Voordelen Nadelen Kortere wachttijden op de ondergeschikte weg Verslechtering afwikkelingscomfort en wachttijden op de voorrangsweg Voorkeursbehandeling is mogelijk Toename van kop-staart ongevallen Dynamisch verkeersmanagement is mogelijk Toename van ongevallen door roodlichtnegatie Toepasbaar in zwaarbelaste situaties Toename ongevallen door deelconflicten Afname aantal en ernst (voorrangs)ongevallen Toename van sluipverkeer Afname invloed van lokale omstandigheden Toename van geluidhinder, luchtverontreiniging en energieverbruik
- 30. Detectoren
- 32. Wat gebeurt er na een ontwerp??? Verkenningsfase Planfase Uitvoeringsfase …?