ASSIGNMENT 1: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

1. FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
DIPLOMA OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
(IM110)
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INFORMATION AGENCIES
(IMD257 / IMD204)
ASSIGNMENT 1:
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
Prepared By:
MUHAMMAD NOORAMIN BIN MOHD HASSAN
(2010657136)
PREPARED FOR:
NOR ERLISSA ABD AZIZ
17 February 2013

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) DEFINE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE PURPOSE 3
AND FUNCTION OF IT
PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 4
2) EXPLAIN THE FIVE (5) TYPES OF INFORMATION AGENCIES 5
3) TYPES OF IT USED IN INFORMATION AGENCIES 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
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3. 1) DEFINE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE
PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF IT
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information technology (IT) may be defines as the technology which is used to
acquire, store, organize and process data to a form which can be used in
specified application, and disseminate the process data. Information is processed
data, based on which decisions can be taken and appropriate actions initiated.
Information is also processed data which improves our knowledge, enabling us to
do out work better.
Example:
Let us take a very simple example. A home maker who buys vegetables,
provisions, milk, etc., everyday would write in a diary the money spent on each of
these. At the end of each day she adds up the data on money spent on these
items. The total obtained is the information which she uses to adjust the
expenses and spend within her budget.
As per diagram below:
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Write in a diary Add expenses
each day
Total daily expense to
budget
Expenses
Data Stored data
Processing
Information

4. PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
• Provide fast and accurate processing
• Provide large capacity, fast access storage
• Provide fast communication
• Reduce information overload
• Larger span of boundaries
• Provides support for decision making
• Proved a competitive weapon
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5. 2) EXPLAIN THE FIVE (5) TYPES OF INFORMATION
AGENCIES
LIBRARIES
Traditionally, collection of books used for reading or study, or the building or
room in which such a collection is kept. The word derives from the Latin liber,
“book,” whereas a Latinized Greek word, bibliotheca, is the origin of the word for
library in German, Russian, and the Romance languages.
The history of libraries evolved side by side with the history of the written record.
The oral tradition which involved with the memorization of history, legends and
folklore were preserved and transmitted to other generations was the earliest
forms of distributing information, and then the era of communication began as
humans developed the way of keeping information by writing on the walls, trees,
stones and other forms of medium.
Types Of Library:
-National Libraries
-Academic Libraries
-School Libraries
-Public Libraries
-Special Libraries
Example:
PTAR
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (PNM)
VIRTUAL LIBRARIES
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6. “A digital or electronic library gives users online access not only to its online
public catalogue for printed materials but also to a variety of other electronic
resources located both within and outside of the library”.
For example documents available on the Internet or on CD ROM disks.
The digital content may be locally held or accessed remotely via computer
networks
MUSEUM
A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and
other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes
them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or
temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world
and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The
continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the
increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model
of museums (i.e. as static “collections of collections” of three-dimensional
specimens and artifacts) to expand to include virtual exhibits and high-resolution
images of their collections for perusal, study, and exploration from any place with
Internet.
Example:
Muzium Negara Malaysia
ARCHIVE
An archive refers to a collection of records,and also refers to the location in which
hese records are kept.
Archives are made up of records which have been created during the course of
an individual or organization's life.
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7. In general an archive consists of records which have been selected for
permanent or long-term preservation.
Example : Arkib Negara Malaysia
RECORD CENTRE
A low cost centralized area for housing and servicing inactive records whose
reference rate does not warrant their retention in prime office space.
An area in building that is utilized for organized storage of inactive records
retained for administrative or operating purposes, usually for a limited period of
time.(Robek, 2002)
It can be recorded in various forms either printed or non-printed materials.
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8. 3) TYPES OF IT USED IN INFORMATION AGENCIES
(List and explain 5 types)
OCLC
Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) is "a nonprofit, membership,
computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public
purposes of furthering access to the world’s information and reducing information
costs".Founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its
member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest
online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.
OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone.
OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—
the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC)
in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries
worldwide. The Open WorldCat program makes records of library-owned
materials in OCLC's WorldCat database available to Web users on popular
Internet search, bibliographic, and bookselling sites. In October 2005, the OCLC
technical staff began a wiki project allowing readers to add commentary and
structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.
Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a
preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation
Service Center, with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.
EVERGREEN
Evergreen is an open source Integrated Library System (ILS), initially developed
by the Georgia Public Library Service for Public Information Network for
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9. Electronic Services (PINES), a statewide resource-sharing consortium with over
270 member libraries.
Beyond PINES, the Evergreen ILS is deployed worldwide in hundreds of
libraries, and is used to power a number of statewide consortial catalogs.
In 2007, the original Evergreen development team formed a commercial
company around the software, Equinox Software, which provides custom
support, development, migration, training, and consultation for Evergreen.
Development priorities for Evergreen are that it be stable, robust, flexible, secure,
and user-friendly.
Evergreen's features include:
• Circulation: for staff to check items in and out to patrons
• Cataloging: to add items to the library’s collection and input information,
classifying and indexing those items.
• Online public access catalog (OPAC): a public catalog, or discovery
interface, for patrons to find and request books, view their account
information, and save book information in Evergreen "bookbags." The
OPAC received a makeover in early 2009 with the new, optional skin,
Craftsman.
• Acquisitions: for staff to keep track of those materials purchased; invoices,
purchase orders, selection lists, etc.
• Statistical Reporting: flexible, powerful reporting for retrieval of any
statistical information stored in the database.
• SIP 2.0 support: for interaction with computer management software, self-
check machines, and other applications.
• Search/Retrieve via URL and Z39.50 servers
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10. Evergreen also features the Open Scalable Request Framework (OpenSRF,
pronounced 'open surf'), a stateful, decentralized service architecture that allows
developers to create applications for Evergreen with a minimum of knowledge of
its structure.
Z39.50
Z39.50 is a client–server protocol for searching and retrieving information from
remote computer databases. It is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50, and
ISO standard 23950. The standard's maintenance agency is the Library of
Congress.
Z39.50 is widely used in library environments and is often incorporated into
integrated library systems and personal bibliographic reference software.
Interlibrary catalogue searches for interlibrary loan are often implemented with
Z39.50 queries.
Work on the Z39.50 protocol began in the 1970s, and led to successive versions
in 1988, 1992, 1995 and 2003. The Contextual Query Language (formerly called
the Common Query Language)[1] is based on Z39.50 semantics.
DUBLIN CORE
The Dublin Core metadata terms are a set of vocabulary terms which can be
used to describe resources for the purposes of discovery. The terms can be used
to describe a full range of web resources: video, images, web pages etc. and
physical resources such as books and objects like artworks. The full set of Dublin
Core metadata terms can be found on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)
website. The original set of 15 classic metadata terms, known as the Dublin
Core Metadata Element Set are endorsed in the following standards documents:
• IETF RFC 5013
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11. • ISO Standard 15836-2009
• NISO Standard Z39.85
•
Dublin Core Metadata can be used for multiple purposes, from simple resource
description, to combining metadata vocabularies of different metadata standards,
to providing interoperability for metadata vocabularies in the Linked data cloud
and Semantic web implementations.
MARC Standards
MARC (MAchine-Readable Cataloging) standards are digital formats for the
description of bibliographic items developed by the US Library of Congress
during the 1960s to facilitate the creation and dissemination of cataloging
between libraries.
By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of
bibliographic data and the international standard by 1973. There are several
versions of MARC in use around the world, the most predominant being MARC
21, created in 1999 as a result of the harmonization of U.S. and Canadian MARC
formats, and UNIMARC, widely used in Europe. The MARC 21 family of
standards now includes formats for authority records, holdings records,
classification schedules, and community information, in addition to the format for
bibliographic records.
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12. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Doyle, S. (2000). Understanding Information Technology. London:Nelson
Thornes
Rajamaran, V. (2004). Introduction To Information Technology. Delhi:PHI
Learning
Plenert, G.J. (2011). Lean Management Principles for Information Technology.
London:CRC Press
Museum. (2013, February 03). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
04:30, February 10, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Museum&oldid=538244837
Z39.50. (2013, January 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
07:55, February 10, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Z39.50&oldid=530787294
Frederic P. Miller. (2010) Marc Standards. Alphascript Publishing.
American National Standards Institute. (2001) The Dublin Core Metadata
Element Set: an American national standard. Michigan:NISO Press
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