Information technology for managers

1. Information Technology for Managers
(22MBA302)
Module 6
Emerging Exponential Technologies in
Business Decision Making.
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2. Introduction
In the fast-paced and ever-evolving landscape of the business
world, staying ahead of the curve is essential for success.
One of the key drivers of this evolution is the advent of emerging
exponential technologies, which are reshaping the way
organizations make decisions.
These technologies have the potential to revolutionize business
processes, enhance efficiency, and provide valuable insights
for informed decision-making.
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3. Cont…
Emerging technologies represent innovative advancements that
have the potential to significantly impact industries, society, and
everyday life.
These technologies often arise from groundbreaking research,
technological breakthroughs, and disruptive innovations.
As they mature and gain widespread adoption, they reshape
existing paradigms, create new opportunities, and drive
transformative changes across various sectors.
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4. Cont…
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML):
AI and ML algorithms are capable of analyzing vast amounts of
data to identify patterns and trends, enabling businesses to
make data-driven decisions.
Predictive analytics, natural language processing, and automated
decision-making are some applications that empower
organizations to anticipate market trends and respond swiftly.
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5. Cont…
2. Internet of Things (IoT):
IoT connects devices and systems, generating real-time data
that can be used to monitor and optimize various aspects of
business operations.
Informed decision-making is facilitated by the ability to gather
data from diverse sources, providing a comprehensive view
of processes, supply chains, and customer interactions.
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Source: https://medium.com/@bmuha1/what-is-the-iot-introduction-to-the-internet-of-things-57335391cd5f

7. Cont…
3. Blockchain Technology:
Blockchain ensures transparency and security in transactions,
making it a valuable tool for decision-makers in finance, supply
chain, and healthcare.
Decentralized ledgers reduce the risk of fraud and enhance trust,
impacting decision-making processes related to contracts,
payments, and data integrity.
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Source: https://www.fool.com/terms/b/blockchain/
The term "blockchain" refers to the way data is structured and
stored in a series of blocks, each linked to the previous one
using cryptographic hashes.

9. Cont…
4. Robotic Process Automation (RPA):
RPA automates routine and rule-based tasks, freeing up human
resources to focus on more complex decision-making.
Enhanced efficiency and reduced errors contribute to improved
business processes and streamlined decision-making
workflows.
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10. Cont…
5. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR):
AR and VR technologies offer immersive experiences that can be
utilized for training, product development, and consumer
engagement.
Businesses can make more informed decisions by leveraging
these technologies to visualize data, simulate scenarios, and
enhance collaboration among teams.
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Source: https://dmexco.com/stories/augmented-reality-in-marketing-8-current-examples-2/

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Source: https://www.chronicle.com/article/virtual-reality-comes-to-the-classroom/

13. Cont…
6. 5G Technology:
The advent of 5G enables faster and more reliable communication,
facilitating the rapid exchange of information.
Businesses can capitalize on this technology to enhance decision-
making processes, especially in sectors like manufacturing,
healthcare, and autonomous vehicles.
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14. Cont…
7. Quantum Computing:
Quantum computing has the potential to solve complex
problems at speeds unimaginable with classical computers.
In the future, quantum computing may revolutionize data
analysis, optimization, and encryption, influencing strategic
decision-making in various industries.
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15. Introduction to AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a cutting-edge field of computer
science that focuses on creating intelligent machines capable of
performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The primary goal of AI is to develop systems that can learn from
experience, reason through information, and adapt to new
inputs, enabling them to perform tasks ranging from routine to
complex, all without explicit programming.
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16. Introduction to AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a cutting-edge technology in field of
computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines
capable of performing tasks that typically require human
intelligence.
The primary goal of AI is to develop systems that can learn from
experience, reason through information, and adapt to new
inputs, enabling them to perform tasks ranging from routine to
complex, all without explicit programming.
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17. Key Concepts in AI:
Machine Learning (ML): Machine Learning is a subset of AI that
empowers systems to learn patterns and make decisions based
on data.
Instead of being explicitly programmed, ML models can improve
their performance over time through exposure to new data.
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18. Cont…
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Source: https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2017/07/28/machine-learning-applications

19. Cont…
Neural Networks: Neural networks are a class of machine
learning models inspired by the structure and function of the
human brain. They are composed of interconnected nodes, or
artificial neurons, organized in layers
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20. Cont…
Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP enables machines to
understand, interpret, and generate human language.
This technology is crucial for applications like language translation,
chatbots, and sentiment analysis.
Computer Vision: Computer Vision involves teaching machines to
interpret and understand the visual world.
It enables AI systems to recognize and process images and
videos, with applications ranging from facial recognition to
object detection.
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21. Cont…
Expert Systems: Expert Systems are AI programs designed to
mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert in a
specific domain.
These systems utilize knowledge bases and rules to solve
problems and provide insights.
Robotics: AI plays a pivotal role in robotics by enabling machines
to perceive their environment, make decisions, and execute
actions.
Robotic systems with AI capabilities are used in manufacturing,
healthcare, and various industries.
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22. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its Applications in Agriculture
Precision Farming:
AI-driven technologies enable precision agriculture by analyzing
data from various sources, including satellites, drones, and
sensors.
This helps farmers make informed decisions about resource
allocation, such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, based on
real-time conditions.
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23. Cont…
Crop Monitoring and Management:
AI algorithms process data from remote sensing technologies to
monitor crop health, identify diseases, and detect pest
infestations.
This allows for early intervention, reducing the need for
widespread pesticide use and optimizing yields.
Predictive Analytics:
AI models analyze historical and current data to predict future
trends in crop yields, weather patterns, and market conditions.
Farmers can use these insights for better planning and risk
management.
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24. Cont…
Automated Harvesting and Sorting: AI-powered robotic systems
are being developed to automate harvesting and sorting
processes.
These systems use computer vision to identify and pick ripe fruits
and vegetables, reducing labor costs and increasing efficiency.
Video
Smart Irrigation: AI is employed to optimize irrigation systems by
analyzing factors such as soil moisture levels, weather
forecasts, and crop water requirements.
This ensures that water is used efficiently, minimizing waste and
environmental impact.
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25. Cont…
Weed Detection and Management:
AI-powered tools can differentiate between crops and weeds using
image recognition.
This allows for targeted and precise weed control, minimizing the
use of herbicides and reducing the environmental footprint of
farming. Video 1 , Video 2
Supply Chain Optimization: AI helps optimize the agricultural
supply chain by predicting demand, improving logistics, and
reducing waste.
This is particularly crucial for perishable goods and ensures a
more efficient flow of products from farm to market.
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26. Cont…
Disease Prediction and Monitoring: AI models analyze
environmental and biological data to predict disease outbreaks
in crops.
Early detection allows farmers to take preventive measures and
reduce the impact of diseases on yields.
Farm Management Systems: AI-based farm management
platforms integrate data from various sources, providing farmers
with comprehensive insights into their operations.
This includes data on crop health, weather conditions, and
machinery performance.
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27. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its Applications in Health:
1. Medical Imaging:
Diagnosis and Detection: AI algorithms analyze medical images,
such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, to detect abnormalities
and assist in the diagnosis of conditions like cancer, fractures,
and neurological disorders.
Image Enhancement: AI enhances the quality of medical images,
improving visualization and aiding healthcare professionals in
making more accurate assessments.
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28. Cont…
2. Predictive Analytics and Personalized Medicine:
Risk Prediction: AI models analyze patient data to predict the risk
of diseases, enabling early intervention and preventive
measures. This is particularly valuable in managing chronic
conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Treatment Personalization: AI assists in tailoring treatment plans
based on individual patient characteristics, genetic makeup, and
response to therapies, advancing the field of personalized
medicine.
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29. Cont…
3. Drug Discovery and Development:
Target Identification: AI accelerates the drug discovery process
by identifying potential drug targets and predicting their efficacy.
Compound Screening: Machine learning models analyze vast
datasets to predict the effectiveness of drug compounds,
expediting the screening process.
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30. Cont…
4. Virtual Health Assistants and Chatbots:
Patient Interaction: AI-powered virtual assistants and chatbots
provide 24/7 support, answer queries, and assist in scheduling
appointments, improving patient engagement and access to
healthcare information.
Symptom Assessment: Chatbots use natural language
processing to assess symptoms and guide users toward
appropriate healthcare resources or emergency services.
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31. Cont…
5. Electronic Health Records (EHR) Management:
Data Organization: AI streamlines the management of electronic
health records by organizing and extracting relevant
information, reducing administrative burden and improving data
accuracy.
Clinical Documentation: Natural language processing helps
automate clinical documentation, making it more efficient for
healthcare professionals to input patient information.
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32. Cont…
6. Robotics in Surgery:
Assisted Surgery: AI-enabled robotic systems assist surgeons in
performing complex procedures with precision and accuracy,
and enhancing recovery times.
Remote Surgery: AI allows for remote surgical procedures, where
surgeons can operate on patients located in different
geographic locations through robotic systems.
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33. Cont…
7. Genomic Medicine:
Genetic Analysis: AI analyzes genomic data to identify genetic
markers associated with diseases, providing insights into
individual predispositions and potential treatment strategies.
Cancer Genomics: AI aids in analyzing tumor genomic data to
guide personalized cancer treatments, improving the
effectiveness of therapies.
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34. Cont…
8. Mental Health Monitoring:
Emotion Recognition: AI applications can analyze facial
expressions and voice patterns to assess emotional states,
providing insights into mental health conditions.
Chat-based Therapy: AI-driven chatbots offer support for mental
health issues, providing users with an outlet for expressing their
feelings and receiving guidance.
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35. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its Applications in Business :
1. Customer Service: AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants
provide instant customer support, answering queries, and
resolving issues 24/7.
2. Predictive Analytics: AI algorithms analyze historical data to
predict future trends, customer behavior, and market dynamics.
3. Sales and Marketing: AI enhances sales processes through
lead scoring, identifying potential customers based on behavior
and preferences.
4. Data Analysis and Insights: AI tools process large datasets
quickly, extracting meaningful insights to inform strategic
decision-making.
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36. Cont…
5. Supply Chain Management: AI optimizes supply chain
operations by predicting demand, managing inventory levels,
and improving logistics efficiency.
6. Human Resources: AI assists in recruitment by automating
resume screening, conducting initial interviews, and matching
candidates to job requirements.
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37. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its Applications in Education
1. Personalized Learning: AI algorithms analyze individual
student performance, learning styles, and preferences to tailor
educational content and pace.
2. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: AI-powered tutoring systems
provide real-time feedback, guidance, and support to students,
assisting them in mastering various subjects.
3. Automated Grading and Assessment: AI automates the
grading process, saving time for educators and providing
immediate feedback to students.
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38. Cont…
4. Virtual Classrooms and Online Learning: AI facilitates the
creation of virtual classrooms and online learning environments,
enabling remote and flexible education.
5. Educational Content Creation: AI can generate educational
content, including quizzes, tutorials, and interactive lessons,
based on curriculum requirements.
6. Language Translation and Accessibility: AI-powered
language translation tools make educational content accessible
to students worldwide, overcoming language barriers.
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39. Introduction to IOT (Internet of Things)
It refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, home
appliances, and other items embedded with electronics,
software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables
these objects to connect and exchange data.
IoT allows everyday objects to be connected to the internet and to
each other, enabling them to collect and exchange data.
This connectivity opens up a world of possibilities for
automation, efficiency, and convenience in various aspects
of our lives.
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40. Key components of IoT include
Sensors and Actuators: These devices gather data from the
environment (sensors) and act upon it (actuators).
Connectivity: IoT devices need a means to connect to the internet
or to each other.
Data Processing and Storage: Once data is collected by IoT
devices, it needs to be processed, analyzed, and often stored.
User Interface: Users interact with IoT systems through interfaces
such as mobile apps, web dashboards, voice commands, or
even automated systems that operate without direct human
intervention.
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41. IOT Applications at Smart home
Home Automation: IoT devices can automate various tasks within a
home, such as controlling lights, thermostats, and appliances.
Users can create schedules or use sensors to trigger actions based
on specific conditions, enhancing energy efficiency and
convenience.
Smart Lighting: IoT-enabled light bulbs and switches allow users to
remotely control their lighting systems using smartphones or voice
commands.
Features like dimming, color changing, and scheduling can be
easily implemented, providing flexibility and energy savings.
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42. Cont…
Thermostat Control: Smart thermostats learn user preferences and
adjust the temperature accordingly, optimizing energy usage
and comfort.
They can be controlled remotely and integrated with other smart
devices for enhanced automation.
Home Security: IoT devices enhance home security through
features like smart locks, security cameras, and motion
sensors.
Users can monitor their homes in real-time, receive alerts for
suspicious activities, and remotely control access to their property.
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43. Cont…
Smart Appliances: IoT-enabled appliances, such as refrigerators,
washing machines, and ovens, offer advanced features like
remote monitoring, maintenance alerts, and energy consumption
tracking.
These features improve efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and
enhance user convenience.
Voice Assistants: Voice-controlled devices like Amazon Echo and
Google Home serve as central hubs for smart home ecosystems.
Users can control various IoT devices, access information, and
perform tasks using natural language commands.
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44. Cont…
Energy Management: IoT systems can monitor energy usage in
real-time and provide insights to help homeowners optimize
consumption and reduce costs.
Smart meters, energy monitors, and smart plugs are commonly used
to track and control energy usage.
Health Monitoring: IoT devices like wearable fitness trackers and
health monitors can integrate with smart home systems to
provide personalized health insights.
Users can track their activity levels, sleep patterns, and vital signs,
promoting healthier lifestyles.
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45. IOT Applications at Smart grid
The integration of IoT technology into smart grids enables utilities
to modernize their infrastructure, optimize operations, and
improve efficiency.
Grid Monitoring and Management: IoT sensors deployed across
the grid infrastructure continuously monitor parameters such as
voltage, current, power quality, and equipment health.
Grid Optimization: IoT analytics and predictive maintenance
techniques help utilities optimize grid operations and
maintenance schedules.
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46. IOT Applications at Smart city
Smart city initiatives leverage IoT technology to improve
efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life for residents
Smart Transportation: IoT sensors and connected devices
enable real-time monitoring of traffic flow, parking availability,
and public transportation systems.
Smart Energy Management: IoT technology enables smart grid
systems to optimize energy distribution, reduce energy
waste, and integrate renewable energy sources.
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47. Cont…
Public Safety and Security: IoT sensors, cameras, and
surveillance systems enhance public safety by monitoring
for emergencies, detecting crimes, and providing real-time
alerts to law enforcement agencies.
Environmental Monitoring: IoT sensors measure air quality,
noise pollution, and other environmental factors to help
cities monitor and mitigate environmental hazards.
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48. Cont…
Smart Waste Management: IoT-enabled trash bins and waste
collection systems optimize waste collection routes,
reduce operational costs, and minimize environmental
impact.
Smart Buildings and Infrastructure: IoT technology enhances
the efficiency and sustainability of buildings and infrastructure
by optimizing energy usage, improving maintenance
practices, and enhancing occupant comfort.
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49. IOT Applications among Wearable devices
Wearable devices, empowered by IoT technology, offer a wide
range of applications across various sectors, from healthcare
and fitness to entertainment and productivity.
Health and Fitness Monitoring: Wearable fitness trackers and
smartwatches equipped with sensors such as accelerometers,
heart rate monitors, and GPS enable users to track their
physical activity, monitor vital signs, and analyze their overall
health and fitness levels.
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50. Cont…
Remote Patient Monitoring: IoT-enabled wearable medical
devices allow healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients'
health conditions, track medication adherence, and detect
early warning signs of medical emergencies.
Healthcare Compliance and Adherence: Wearable devices
equipped with sensors and connectivity features can remind
users to take medication, follow treatment protocols, and
adhere to prescribed therapies.
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51. Cont…
Assistive Technologies: Wearable assistive devices, such as
smart glasses, hearing aids, enhance mobility,
communication, and independence for individuals with
disabilities or impairments.
Workplace Safety and Productivity: Wearable devices equipped
with sensors and connectivity capabilities can monitor
workers' health, detect workplace hazards, and provide
real-time safety alerts to prevent accidents and injuries.
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52. IOT Applications in Smart farming
IoT technology is revolutionizing agriculture by enabling smart
farming practices that improve efficiency, productivity, and
sustainability.
Precision Agriculture: IoT sensors deployed in fields collect
data on soil moisture levels, temperature, humidity,
nutrient levels, and crop health.
Crop Monitoring and Management: IoT-enabled devices such as
drones, satellites, and ground-based sensors provide real-time
monitoring of crop growth, development, and health.
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53. Cont…
Livestock Monitoring: IoT devices equipped with sensors, GPS
trackers, and biometric monitors enable farmers to monitor the
health, behavior, and location of livestock animals.
Smart Irrigation Systems: IoT-enabled irrigation systems use
sensors to monitor soil moisture levels and weather conditions,
allowing for precise and automated irrigation scheduling.
Predictive Analytics and Decision Support: IoT data combined
with advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms
enable predictive modeling and decision support tools for
farmers.
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54. Cont…
Smart Greenhouses: IoT sensors and actuators control
environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light
levels, and CO2 concentration inside greenhouses, creating
optimal growing conditions for crops.
Farm Machinery and Equipment Monitoring: IoT sensors
installed on farm machinery and equipment collect data on
performance, usage, and maintenance needs in real-time.
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55. Introduction to Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality (AR) is a cutting-edge technology that
superimposes digital content onto the real world, enhancing our
perception and interaction with our surroundings
AR enhances the real-world environment by overlaying digital
images, videos, 3D models, or text onto the user's view of the
physical world.
This digital content is typically viewed through a device such as a
smartphone, tablet, or AR glasses.
Video
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56. Cont…
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Source: https://www.forbesindia.com/article/kellogg-school-of-management/got-a-niche-product-to-sell-augmented-reality-might-help/85323/1

57. Cont…
AR experiences are interactive and dynamic, responding to
changes in the user's environment in real-time.
AR technology has diverse applications across industries and
domains.
It is used in gaming and entertainment, education and training,
retail and marketing, healthcare, industrial design, navigation,
and more.
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58. Introduction to Virtual Reality (VR)
VR is an immersive technology that transports users into a
completely digital environment, providing a sense of presence
and interaction with virtual objects and spaces.
Videos
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Source: https://www.adorama.com/alc/virtual-reality-architecture/

59. Cont…
Immersive Experience: VR technology creates a fully immersive
experience by replacing the user's real-world environment with
a simulated digital one.
Users wear VR headsets that completely block out their
surroundings and display stereoscopic 3D visuals, creating a
sense of depth and presence within the virtual world.
Head-tracking and Motion Controls: VR headsets are equipped
with sensors that track the user's head movements in real-time,
allowing them to look around and explore the virtual
environment from different perspectives.
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60. Cont…
Some VR systems also incorporate motion controllers or hand-
tracking technology, enabling users to interact with virtual
objects and environments through gestures and movements.
It is used in gaming and entertainment to create immersive gaming
experiences, simulations, and virtual worlds.
Additionally, VR is employed in education and training for virtual
classrooms, simulations, and hands-on learning experiences.
It is also utilized in healthcare, architecture, engineering, design,
therapy, and more.
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61. Types of VR
Non-Immersive VR: Also known as desktop or 3DoF VR, this type
of VR allows users to interact with virtual environments using a
computer screen or mobile device. Users can look around in the
virtual space but cannot physically move within it.
Semi-Immersive VR: Semi-immersive VR setups typically include
a larger physical space, such as a room or specialized VR area,
where users can move around to some extent while wearing a
VR headset.
This type of VR provides a more immersive experience than non-
immersive VR but still has limitations on movement and
interaction.
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62. Cont…
Fully Immersive VR: Fully immersive VR offers the most
immersive experience, allowing users to move freely within a
virtual environment and interact with virtual objects and spaces
in a natural way.
This type of VR often requires specialized equipment and
dedicated VR spaces, such as VR arcades or VR rooms.
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63. Introduction to Mixed Reality
Mixed Reality (MR) is an immersive technology that blends
elements of both AR and VR to create interactive and dynamic
experiences that combine digital and physical worlds.
Integration of Real and Virtual Environments: Mixed Reality
seamlessly integrates digital content into the user's real-world
environment, allowing virtual objects to interact with physical
surroundings and vice versa.
Unlike VR, which replaces the real world with a fully virtual
environment, MR enhances the real world with virtual elements.
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64. Cont…
Applications Across Industries: MR technology has diverse
applications across industries and domains.
In architecture and design, MR can be used to visualize and interact
with 3D models of buildings and prototypes in real-world contexts.
In manufacturing and maintenance, MR can provide hands-on
guidance and assistance for assembly, repair, and training tasks.
In healthcare, MR can enhance medical simulations, surgical planning,
and patient education.
MR is also used in education, entertainment, retail, and more.
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65. Application of AR systems in education
AR systems offer numerous applications in education,
transforming traditional teaching and learning experiences into
immersive and interactive ones. Videos
Here are some key ways AR is being used in education:
Enhanced Learning Experiences: AR brings educational content
to life by overlaying digital information, such as 3D models,
animations, videos, and text, onto real-world objects and
environments.
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66. Cont…
Interactive Simulations and Experiments: AR simulations
enable students to conduct virtual experiments, simulations, and
hands-on activities in various subjects, such as science,
engineering, and geography.
Immersive Field Trips and Expeditions: AR enables virtual field
trips and expeditions to remote locations, historical sites, and
cultural landmarks around the world.
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67. Cont…
Personalized Learning and Remediation: AR systems can adapt
educational content to individual learning styles, preferences,
and proficiency levels, providing personalized learning
experiences for students.
AR apps can offer interactive tutorials, adaptive quizzes, and
instant feedback to help students master concepts at their own
pace and address areas of weakness through targeted
remediation and reinforcement.
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68. Cont…
Collaborative Learning and Group Projects:
AR fosters collaboration and teamwork among students by
enabling shared AR experiences and group projects.
Students can collaborate on interactive AR projects, presentations,
and problem-solving activities, working together to solve
challenges, explore ideas, and create multimedia content in
augmented reality environments, promoting peer learning and
social interaction.
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69. Cont…
Professional Training and Skill Development: AR systems are
used in vocational training, professional development, and skill-
based education to provide hands-on training and practical
experience in various industries and professions.
Eg: AR can simulate workplace scenarios, equipment operation,
and procedural tasks in fields such as healthcare,
manufacturing, aviation, and engineering, preparing students for
real-world challenges and job roles.
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70. Application of AR systems in medical
Surgical Navigation and Guidance: AR systems provide
surgeons with real-time guidance and visualization during
surgical procedures, enhancing precision, accuracy, and safety.
Surgeons can overlay digital images, 3D models, and patient data
onto their view of the surgical field, enabling them to visualize
internal structures, navigate complex anatomy, and perform
procedures with greater confidence and efficiency.
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71. Cont…
Medical Education and Training: AR technology is used in
medical education and training to provide immersive and
interactive learning experiences for students, residents, and
healthcare professionals.
AR apps and simulations enable trainees to practice surgical
techniques, anatomy visualization, and diagnostic skills in virtual
environments, improving their proficiency, competency, and
readiness for clinical practice.
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72. Cont…
Anatomical Visualization and Patient Education: AR systems
allow healthcare providers to visualize and interact with patient
anatomy in 3D, facilitating diagnosis, treatment planning, and
patient education.
AR apps enable providers to overlay digital anatomical models
onto patients' bodies or diagnostic images, helping them explain
medical conditions, treatment options, and surgical procedures
to patients in a clear and comprehensible manner.
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73. Cont…
Preoperative Planning and Simulation: AR technology enables
surgeons to plan and simulate surgical procedures in advance,
optimizing surgical approaches, implant placement, and incision
sites.
By visualizing patient anatomy in 3D and simulating different
surgical scenarios, surgeons can anticipate challenges, refine
their techniques, and develop personalized treatment plans
tailored to each patient's unique anatomy and pathology.
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74. Cont…
Remote Assistance and Telemedicine: AR systems support
remote assistance and telemedicine by enabling healthcare
providers to collaborate, consult, and provide expert guidance
from a distance.
Through AR-enabled smart glasses or mobile devices, remote
specialists can view the patient's perspective in real-time,
overlay annotations, and provide step-by-step instructions to on-
site clinicians during procedures, examinations, or emergency
situations, improving access to specialized care and expertise.
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75. Cont…
Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy: AR technology is used in
rehabilitation and physical therapy to enhance patient
engagement, motivation, and adherence to treatment protocols.
AR-based rehabilitation exercises and games provide interactive
feedback, visual cues, and progress tracking, encouraging
patients to actively participate in their therapy and achieve
better outcomes in areas such as mobility, motor function, and
balance.
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76. Cont…
Medical Imaging and Visualization: AR systems enhance
medical imaging and visualization by overlaying digital images,
annotations, and diagnostic data onto real-world views of
patients or anatomical models.
AR-assisted imaging techniques, such as augmented reality-
guided ultrasound or MRI, enable providers to visualize internal
structures, target specific areas of interest, and perform
interventions with greater precision and accuracy.
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77. Application of AR systems in entertainment
Gaming: AR gaming apps provide immersive and interactive
gaming experiences that blend digital content with the real
world.
Players can use their smartphones or AR-enabled devices to
explore virtual worlds, interact with digital characters and
objects, and complete challenges in real-world locations.
Popular AR games like Pokémon GO, Harry Potter: Wizards Unite,
and Minecraft Earth have captivated millions of players
worldwide, demonstrating the potential of AR gaming for
entertainment.
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78. Cont…
Live Events and Experiences: AR technology enhances live
events, concerts, and performances by overlaying digital
effects, animations, and interactive elements onto the
audience's view of the real-world environment.
AR-enhanced concerts and festivals incorporate virtual stages,
visual effects, and interactive experiences, creating memorable
and engaging entertainment experiences for attendees.
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79. Cont…
Interactive Storytelling: AR storytelling apps and experiences
enable audiences to engage with narratives, characters, and
settings in new and immersive ways.
AR books, comics, and storytelling apps bring stories to life with
interactive animations, sound effects, and 3D visuals, allowing
readers to explore and interact with digital content as they read
or listen to the story.
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80. Cont…
Theme Parks and Attractions: AR enhances theme park
attractions, museum exhibits, and visitor experiences by adding
digital overlays, interactive elements, and augmented reality
effects to physical environments.
AR-enhanced theme park rides, exhibits, and guided tours provide
visitors with immersive and interactive entertainment
experiences that blend physical and digital elements
seamlessly.
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81. Cont…
Advertising and Marketing: AR technology is used in advertising
and marketing campaigns to create engaging and interactive
brand experiences for consumers.
AR ads and marketing activations enable consumers to interact
with virtual products, try on virtual clothing or accessories, and
visualize how products will look in their own environment,
driving engagement, brand awareness, and sales.
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82. Cont…
Social Media and Filters: AR filters and effects are popular
features on social media platforms like Instagram, Snapchat,
and Facebook, allowing users to enhance their photos and
videos with animated overlays, stickers, and special effects.
AR filters enable users to express themselves creatively, engage
with friends and followers, and share personalized content in
real-time, fostering social interaction and entertainment.
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83. Cont…
AR Art and Creativity: AR technology enables artists and
creators to experiment with new forms of digital art and
expression.
AR art installations, exhibitions, and experiences combine physical
and digital elements to create immersive and interactive
artworks that challenge perceptions, evoke emotions, and
engage audiences in new and innovative ways.
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84. Questions:
• What are emerging technologies, and why are they significant in today's
business world?
• How do emerging technologies impact businesses and society?
• What is Artificial Intelligence (AI), and how does it differ from traditional
computer programming?
• How is AI being used in agriculture to improve crop yields and farming
practices?
• What are some examples of AI applications in healthcare, and how do they
benefit patients and providers?
• How can AI enhance business operations, decision-making, and customer
experiences?
• In what ways is AI transforming education, and what are some potential
benefits for students and educators?
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85. Cont…
• What is the Internet of Things (IoT), and how does it enable connectivity and
automation?
• How are IoT devices used in smart homes to enhance convenience, security,
and energy efficiency?
• What are some applications of IoT in smart grids, and how do they improve
energy management and sustainability?
• How can IoT technology contribute to building smarter and more sustainable
cities?
• What are some examples of IoT applications in wearable devices, and how
do they impact healthcare, fitness, and productivity?
• How is IoT technology revolutionizing farming practices and agricultural
management in smart farming systems?
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86. Cont…
• What are Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality
(MR), and how do they differ from each other?
• What are some common applications of AR in education, and how do they
enhance learning experiences for students?
• In what ways is AR technology being used in the medical field to improve
patient care, training, and treatment outcomes?
• How are AR systems transforming entertainment experiences, and what are
some popular examples of AR applications in the entertainment industry?
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87. References
• “Management Information Systems”, Kenneth J Laudon, Jane P. Laudon,
Pearson/PHI, 11/e, 2010.
• “Management Information Systems”, W. S. Jawadekar, Tata McGraw Hill
Edition, 5/e, 2017.
• Management Information Systems, S. Sadagopan, PHI, 1/e, 2005.
• Introduction to Information System, James A. O’ Brien, Tata McGraw Hill, 12
th Edition, 2007.
• Management Information Systems, Iffy Oz, Thomson Course Technology,
3/e, 2003.
• Management Information System, CSV Murthy, HPH, 3/e.
• Corporate Information Strategy and Management, Lynda M Apple Gate,
Robert D Austin et al, Tata McGraw Hill, 7th Edition.
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