Information Technology

Information Technology (IT)
Part 1
Index
S.no Topic Page no. Remarks
1. MS Word 3-11
2. MS Excel 12-15
3. Computer 16-22
4. MS PowerPoint 23- next part
5. WEB Browser
6. E-Mail

🌟Microsoft Word
Introduction =>

Microsoft Word is also known as Microsoft Office word or Ms word. Ms word
is a word – Prosser software launched in 1983 by the Microsoft corporation. Ms word is used to
made professional quality documents, letters, reports, resume, etc. It has the advance features
which allow you to format and edit your new/existing file or document in the best possible way.
Ms word is one of the most used programs of the Office suite, some basic information regarding
it’s creation and development has been given below :>
 It was introduced in 1983.
 Charles Simonyi, a developer and Richard Brodie, a software engineer, were two creators
of Ms word.
 This program was initially named as ‘Multi – Tool word’ but later, was renamed as Ms
word.
 Ms word for Mac was introduced by Microsoft as word 1.0 in 1985
 The extension for any word file is ‘.doc’ .
How to open MS Word?
The following step shows how to open MS words:

1. Type Ms word in the search bar.
2. Select Ms word application.
3. Select a blank document and press create button.
Then you will get a window like in the image below where you can write your content and perform
different types of operations on that content, like font type, style, bold, italic, etc. You can also
add images, tables, charts to your document.
Features of MS Word =>
Now let us discuss the features or
components of the Ms Word. Using these features, you can perform
different types of operations on your documents, like you can
create, delete, style, modify, or view the content of your
document.

 File :> It contains options related to the file, like
New(used to create a new document), Open(used to open an
existing document), Save(used to save document), Save As(used
to save documents), History, Print, Share, Export, Info,
etc.
 Home :> It is the default tab of Ms Word and it is generally
divided into five groups, i.e., Clipboard, Font, Paragraph,
Style and Editing. It allows you to select the color,
emphasis, bullets, position of your text. It also contains
options like cut, copy, and paste. After selecting the home
tab you will get below options:

 Insert :> It is the second tab present on the menu bar or
ribbon. It contains various items that you may want to insert
into a Microsoft word. It includes options like tables, word
art, hyperlinks, symbols, charts, signature line, date and
time, shapes, header, footer, text boxes, links, boxes,
equations, etc., as shown in the below image:
 Draw :> It is the third tab present in the menu bar or
ribbon. It is used for freehand drawing in Ms Word. It
provides different types of pens for drawing as shown below:
 Design :> It is the fourth tab present in the menu
bar or ribbon. The design tab contains document
designs that you can select, such as documents with
centered titles, offset headings, left-justified

text, page borders, watermarks, page color, etc.,
as shown in the below image:
 Layout :> It is the fifth tab present on the menu bar
or ribbon. It holds all the options that allow you
to arrange your Microsoft Word document pages just
the way you want them. It includes options like set
margins, display line numbers, set paragraph
indentation, and lines apply themes, control page
orientation and size, line breaks, etc., as shown
in the below image:
 References :> It is the sixth tab present in the menu bar
or ribbon. The references tab lets you add references to a
document, then create a bibliography at the end of the
text. The references are generally stored in a master list,
which is used to add references to further documents. It
includes options like, Table of Contents, Footnotes,
Citations & Bibliography, Captions, Index, Table of
Authorities, smart look, etc. After selecting References
tab, you will get the below options:

 Mailings :> It is the seventh tab present in the menu bar
or ribbon. It is a least used tab in the menu bar. This tab
is where you would create labels, print them on envelopes,
do mail merge, etc. After selecting mailing, you will get
the below options:
 Review :> It is the eighth tab present in the menu bar or
ribbon. The review tab contains, commenting, language,
translation, spell check, word count tools. It is good for

quickly locating and editing comments. After selecting a
review tab, you will get the options below:
 View :> It is the ninth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. View tab allows you to
switch between single page or double page and also allows you to control the layout
tools It includes print layout, outline, web layout, task pane, toolbars, ruler, header and
footer, footnotes, full-screen view, zoom, etc. as shown in the below image:
Some Keyboard Shortcut keys💡
To do this Press
Open a document. Ctrl+O
Create a new
document.
Ctrl+N
Save the
document.
Ctrl+S
Close the
document.
Ctrl+W
Cut the selected
content to the
Clipboard.
Ctrl+X

To do this Press
Copy the selected
content to the
Clipboard.
Ctrl+C
Paste the contents
of the Clipboard.
Ctrl+V
Select all
document content.
Ctrl+A
Apply bold
formatting to text.
Ctrl+B
Apply italic
formatting to text.
Ctrl+I
Apply underline
formatting to text.
Ctrl+U
Decrease the font
size by 1 point.
Ctrl+Left bracket ([)
Increase the font
size by 1 point.
Ctrl+Right bracket (])
Center the text. Ctrl+E
Align the text to
the left.
Ctrl+L
Align the text to
the right.
Ctrl+R
Cancel a
command.
Esc
Undo the previous
action.
Ctrl+Z
Redo the previous
action, if possible.
Ctrl+Y

To do this Press
Adjust the zoom
magnification.
Alt+W, Q, then use the Tab
key in the Zoom dialog box
to go to the value you want.
Split the document
window.
Ctrl+Alt+S
Remove the
document window
split.
Alt+Shift+C or Ctrl+Alt+S

🌟Microsoft Excel
Introduction =>
Anyone who has used a computer for more than just playing games will be
aware of Spreadsheets. A spreadsheet is a versatile computer program (package) that enables
you to do a wide range of calculations dynamically, and create high quality graphs and charts.
Microsoft Excel is the most widely used spreadsheet, and is available within the Microsoft Office
suite of programs.
As you work through this introduction to Excel, it is a good idea to be at a computer so that you
can try out various things as they are described. To get into Excel, simply double click on the
Microsoft Excel icon if there is one on the computer desktop. Alternatively, click on the Start
button in the bottom left corner of the screen, move the cursor to Programs to open up the
programs menu, and then click on Microsoft Excel. Following image shows an Excel window with
its main Graphical User Interface components.
You are now ready to use Excel. Microsoft Excel consists of worksheets as shown in upper given
Figure. Each worksheet contains columns and rows. The columns are lettered A to Z and then
continuing with AA, AB, AC and so on; the rows are numbered 1 to 1,048,576. The combination
of a column coordinate and a row coordinate make up a cell address. For example, the cell
located in the upper-left corner of the worksheet is cell A1, meaning column A, row 1. Cell E10 is
located under column E on row 10. You enter your data into the cells on the worksheet.
Menu Bar =>
The Menu Bar at the top of the screen gives you access to different commands
that are used for such tasks as opening and closing files, printing documents, formatting data,
and other operations.
Ribbon =>

Microsoft Excel ribbon is the row of tabs and icons at the top of the Excel
window that allows you to quickly find, understand and use commands for completing a certain
task. OR Excel Ribbon is the technical term for the row of Tabs above Formula bar. Excel
Ribbon is a strip of buttons and icons (refer below image) in Excel Workbook window where
Excel commands are located. The buttons and icons of Excel Ribbon are grouped in to different
tabs based on the category of their functionalities. Clicking a tab in the tab list changes the Tab
of Excel Ribbon.
worksheet =>
A Worksheet is basically a single-page spreadsheet containing information. In
both Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets, each worksheet has a name. By default, the
worksheets are named Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, and so on, but you can change these names.
You can use worksheets to store, manipulate, and display data. The primary storage unit for
data in a worksheet is a rectangular-shaped cell arranged in a grid pattern in every sheet.
Individual cells of data are identified and organized using the vertical column letters and
horizontal row number of a worksheet , which create a cell reference, such as A1, D15, or
Z467. Some Worksheet specifications are given below :
🔹️1,048,576 rows per worksheet.
🔹️16,384 Columns per worksheet.
🔹️17,179,869,184 cells per worksheet.
🔹️A limited number of sheets per file based on the amount of memory available on the
computer.
🔹️There are 253 maximum number of line feeds per cell.
 How to insert a worksheet:
👨💻Click the Insert Button list arrow on the Home tab.
👨💻Select Insert Sheet.

👨💻A new worksheet is added to the workbook.
 How to delete a worksheet:
👨💻Click the Delete list arrow on the Home tab.
👨💻Select Delete Sheet.
👨💻Click Delete in the confirmation dialog.
👨💻 The worksheet is deleted.
Workbook =>
A workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheets to help you organize
data. OR workbook is a file that contains multiple spreadsheets. A worksheet contains a matrix of
rectangular cells, organized in a form of rows and columns. A workbook contains one or more
worksheets, consisting of related information.
 How to create a workbook:
👩💻Click the File tab.
👩💻Click New. Under Available Templates, double-click Blank Workbook.
👩💻Keyboard shortcut To quickly create a new, blank workbook, you can also press
CTRL+N.
Some Keyboard Shortcut keys💡
To do this Press
Close a workbook. Ctrl+W

To do this Press
Open a workbook. Ctrl+O
Go to the Home tab. Alt+H
Save a workbook. Ctrl+S
Copy selection. Ctrl+C
Paste selection. Ctrl+V
Undo recent action. Ctrl+Z
Remove cell contents. Delete
Choose a fill color. Alt+H, H
Cut selection. Ctrl+X
Go to the Insert tab. Alt+N
Apply bold formatting. Ctrl+B
Center align cell contents. Alt+H, A, C
Go to the Page Layout tab. Alt+P
Go to the Data tab. Alt+A
Go to the View tab. Alt+W
Open the context menu. Shift+F10 or
Windows Menu key
Add borders. Alt+H, B
Delete column. Alt+H, D, C
Go to the Formula tab. Alt+M
Hide the selected rows. Ctrl+9
Hide the selected columns. Ctrl+0

🌟Computer
Introduction:>
A computer is a electronic device that stores, manipulate information or
data. It has the power or ability to store, process, and retrieves data. The term ‘Computer’ is
used from early 17th century, mean one who work out – a person performing mathematics
calculations become commercially available. The full form of Computer is giving below:
C : Common
O: Operating
M: Machine
P: Particuly
U: Used
T: Trade
E: Education
R: Research
Characteristics of Computer :>
🎈Speed

A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared with humans While
performing mathematics calculations. Computer can process million (1,000,000) of instructions
Per second. The time taken by computer for their operations is in microsecond and nanosecond.
🎈Accuracy
A computer works with 100% accuracy. Error may occur due to data inaccuracy.
🎈Memory
A Computer has built-in memory called primary memory Which is use to store
data. Secondary memory are removal devices Such as pen drive, hard disk, CD's,
USB, sand disk, Blu-ray disk, magnetic storage device, etc. Which IA also use to
store data.
🎈Versatility
Versatility refers to the capability of computer of performing or processing different – different
kinds of work with same speed, accuracy and, efficacy.
🎈No Feeling
Computer dose not have feelings or emotion, taste, Knowledge and, experience. Thus it does not
get tired even after a long hours of work. It does not distinguish between users also.
🎈 Reliability
The results obtained by the computer are very reliable. But this is true only when the data given
to the computer or program is correct and reliable.
🎈Automation
Computers can also be used to automate routine tasks with the help of a task scheduler such as
launching a specific application or software, sending an email, scanning for viruses, and many
other maintenance tasks. Besides, computers can also be programmed to perform many
complex tasks.
Block Diagram of computer:>
A Block diagram of a computer
displays a structural representation of a computer system. The block diagram gives you a quick
overview of the working process of a computer from inputting the data to retrieving the desired
results. The following diagram represents a block diagram of the computer system:

From this diagram we see computer system is a combination of three components:
� Input Unit
� CPU
�Output Unit
�Input Unit ×> The Input Unit contains of Input device such as a mouse, Keyboard, scanner,
joystick, microphone, etc. These devices are used to Input information or instruction into the
computer system. Like other electronic machines, a computer takes inputs as a raw data or binary
data and performs necessary processing giving out processed data. Therefore, the input Unit is
the medium of communication that takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner
for processing. The Input Unit performs the following major functions:-
 The Input Unit converts the inputted data or instructions into binary form for further
processing.
 Input Unit transmits the data to the main memory of the computer.
Some Input device are given below : -
1. Keyboard ⌨️= A Keyboard is a human Interface device which is represented as a
layout of buttons. Each button or key ,can be used to give input ( It allows you to enter
letters, number, and symbols into tour computer ). The Keyboard keys include the
alphanumeric keys (letters and number), numerical Keyboard (may not be available on
netbooks laptop), special functions keys, mouse cursor or moving keys, and status light,
etc. As shown in the given image below:

2. Pointing device 🖱= The First Pointed device was invented in 1963 by Doug Engelbart.
A Pointed device allows you to input spatial data to a computer. It is commonly used as a
simple and intuitive way to select items on a computer screen on a graphical User
Interface (GUI), either by moving a mouse Pointer or the case of a touch screen by
physically touching the item on screen. Common Pointing device include mice,
Touchpads, and touch screen. Some example were given below:
⭐️Mouse = A hand-help Pointing device that moved across a surface.
⭐️Touchpad or Trackpad = A touch pad is a device for pointing (controlling input
positioning) on a computer display screen. It is an alternative to the mouse.
⭐️Trackball = Similar to a mouse, a trackball has a ball held by a socket. Instead of moving the
mouse, the user rolls the ball with their finger.

⭐️Graphics tablet = Graphics or Drawing or Digitizer tablet is a Flat surface on Which a pen is
used, usually to Draw image or capture signature.
⭐️Touch Screen = A layer place over a computer screen, used by physically touching it.
�Center Processing Unit (CPU) ×> CPU is also known as the brain of computer system. It is
an electric hardware device that processes all the operations (E.g., arithmetic and logical
operations) of computer. In other words, all the major calculations, operations or comparison
are performed inside the CPU. It us also responsible for handling the operations of several other
units. A Diagram of CPU is given below as:
From this diagram we see that a CPU performed three operations after getting input OR before
giving Output.

1. Control Unit = As the name suggests, the control unit of a CPU controls all the activities
and operations of the computer. It is also responsible for controlling input/output,
memory, and other devices connected to the CPU.
2. Arithmetic and logical Unit = The data inputted through input devices is stored in the
primary storage unit. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical
operations.
3. Memory Unit = Memory Unit is an essential part of the computer system which is used to
store data and instructions before and after processing. The memory unit transmits the
information to other units of the computer system when required.
�Output Devices ×> The output unit consists of devices that are used to display the results or
output of processing. The output data is first stored in the memory and then displayed in
human-readable form through output devices. Some of the widely used output devices are
Monitor, Printer, and Projector. The Output Unit performs the following major functions:
 The output unit accepts the data or information in binary form from the main memory of
the computer system.
 The output unit converts the binary data into a human-readable form for better
understanding.
Some output devices were given below:
⭐️Monitor = A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or
textual form.
⭐️Printer = The printer is another most common example of output devices that can be easily
found in homes and many workplaces. The primary function of a printer is to make a copy
(usually called ‘Hard copy’ or ‘Xerox copy’) or print the information on paper that is sent from
the computer to the printer. The printer receives electronic data from the computer and
produces a hard copy of the processed data.

EMAIL 📧
Electronic mail, commonly shortened to "email," is a communication method that uses
electronic devices to deliver messages across computer networks. "Email" refers to both the
delivery system and individual messages that are sent and received.
Email has existed in some form since the 1970s, when programmer Ray Tomlinson created a
way to transmit messages between computer systems on the Achvanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET). Modern forms of email became available for widespread public use
with the development of email client software (e.g. Outlook) and web browsers, the latter of
which enables users to send and receive messages over the Internet using web-based email
clients (eg. Gmail) .
 Parts of an email =>
1. SMTP envelope:>
The SMTP envelope" is the data communicated between
servers during the email delivery process It consists of the sender's email address
and the serpent's emal adhes
2. Header:>
Like the SMTP envelope, the email header provides critical
information about the sender and recipient
The header may also contam a number of optional fields that allow the recipient to
reply to, forward categorize, acluse, or
delete the email. Other header fields melude the following
The "Date" field contains the date the email is sent. This is a mandatory header field

The "From" field contains the email address of the sender. If the email address is
associated with a display name, that
may be shown in this field as well. This is also a mandatory header field.
The "To" field contains the email address of the recipient. If the email address is
associated with a display name, that
may be shown in this field as well.
-The "Subject" field contains any contextual information about the message the sender
wants to include. It is chaplayed as a separate line above the body of an email
The "Ce" (carbon copy) field allows the sender to send a copy of the email to additional
recipients. The recipients marked in the "To field can see the email address(es) listed in
the 'Ce field.
The 'Bee" (blind carbon copy) field allows the sender to send a copy of the email to
additional recipients. The
recipients marked in the "To" field connot see the email address(es) listed in the "Bec”
field
3. Body :>
The body of an email contains any information the sender wishes to send
text, mages, links, videos, and/or other file attachments, provided that they do not exceed the
email client’s size restrictions. Alternatively, an email can be sent without any information in
the body fiel.
Depending on the options provided by the email client, the body of an email can be
formatted in plain text or HTML. Plain text emails do not contain any special formatting
(like non black font colors) or multimedia (like images). They are compatible with all
devices and email clients.

🌟Web browsers🌐
Introduction
A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text,
images, videos, music, and other information that could be on a website. Text and images on a
web page can contain hyperlinks to other web pages at the same or different website. Web
browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on many web pages at
many websites by traversing these links. Web browsers format HTML information for display so
the appearance of a web page many differ between browsers.
Protocols and Standards
Web browsers communicated with web servers primarily using HTTP (hypertext transfer
protocol) to fetch web pages. HTTP allows web browsers to submit information to web servers
as well as fetch web pages from them. Pages are identified by means of a URL (uniform
resource locater), which is treated as an address, beginning with "http://" for HTTP access.
The file format for a web page is usually HTML (hyper-text markup language) and is identified
in the HTTP protocol. Most web browsers also support a variety of additional formats, such as
JPEG, PNG, and GIF image formats, and can be extended to support more through the use of
plugins. The combination of HTTP content type and URL protocol specification allows web page
designers to embed images, animations, video, sound, and streaming media into a web page, or
to make them accessible through the web page.
Popular Browsers:
1. Firefox ×>
Firefox is a very popular web browser. One of the great things about Firefox is
that it is supported on all different Oss. Firefox is also open source which makes its support
group a very large community of open source developers. Firefox is also known for its vast

range of plugins/add-ons that let the user customize in a variety of ways. Firefox is a product of
the Mozilla Foundation. The latest version of Firefox is Firefox 3.
Some of Firefox’s most prominant features include: tabbed browsing, a spell checker, incremental
find, live bookmarking, a download manager, and an integrated search system that uses the
user’s favorite search engine. Like mentioned before, one of the best things about Firefox is its
vast amount of plugins/add-ons. Some of the most popular include NoScript (script blocker),
FoxyTunes (controls music players), Adblock Plus (ad blocker), StumbleUpon (website discovery),
DownThemAll! (download functions), and Web Developer (web tools).
2. Internet Explorer ×>
Internet Explorer (IE - created by Microsoft) is a very prominant web
browser for the Windows OS. IE is the most popular web browser. It comes pre-installed on all
Windows computers. The latest version of IE is IE7 with IE8 in beta. IE was designed to view a
broad range of web pages and to provide certain features within the OS.
IE almost fully supports HTML 4.01, CSS Level 1, XML 1.0, and DOM Level 1. It has introduced a
number of proprietary extensions to many of the standards. This has resulted in a number of web
pages that can only be viewed properly using IE. It has been subject to many security
vulnerabilities just like Windows has. Much of the spyware, adware, and viruses across the
Internet are made possible by exploitable bugs and flaws in the security architecture of IE. These
are were drive-by downloads come into play (see computer security lesson for more details on
that).
Others ×>
Safari (created by Apple) is a very popular web browser among Apple computers.
Safari is also the native browser on the iPhone and iPod touch. Safari is available for Windows,
but has not reached a very high level of Windows users since. In May 2008 Safari controlled
6.25% of marketshare among all web browsers.

Opera (created by the Opera Software company) is another fairly popular web browser. It
handles common Internet-related tasks. Opera also includes features such as tabbed browsing,
page zooming, mouse gestures, and an integrated download manager. Its security features
include phishing and malware protection, strong encryption when browsing secure web sites, and
the ability to easily delete private data such as cookies and browsing history. Opera runs on
Windows, OS X, and Linux.

🌟Microsoft PowerPoint
Introduction =>
Microsoft PowerPoint, virtual presentation software developed by Robert
Gaskins and Dennis Austin. It is a presentation-based program that uses graphics, videos, etc. to
make a presentation more interactive and interesting. In other words we ca say Microsoft
PowerPoint is a powerful slide show presentation program. The file extension of a saved
PowerPoint presentation is “.ppt”. Every PowerPoint presentation is composed of a series
of slides. To begin creating a slide show, you'll need to know the basics of working with slides.
You'll need to feel comfortable with tasks like inserting a new slide, changing the layout of a
slide, arranging existing slides, changing the slide view, and adding notes to a slide.
Understanding slides and slide layouts =>
When you insert a new slide, it will usually
have placeholders to show you where content will be placed. Slides have different layouts for
placeholders, depending on the type of information you want to include. Whenever you create a
new slide, you'll need to choose a slide layout that fits your content.
Placeholders can contain different types of content, including text, images, and videos. Many
placeholders have thumbnail icons you can click to add specific types of content. In the
example below, the slide has placeholders for the title and content.

To insert a new slide =>
Whenever you start a new presentation, it will contain one slide with the Title Slide layout. You
can insert as many slides as you need from a variety of layouts.
1. From the Home tab, click the bottom half of the New Slide command.
2. Choose the desired slide layout from the menu that appears.
3. The new slide will appear. Click any placeholder and begin typing to add text. You can
also click an icon to add other types of content, like a picture or chart.

🌼To change the layout of an existing slide, click the Layout command, then choose the
desired layout.
🌼To quickly add a slide that uses the same layout as the selected slide, click the top half of
the New Slide command.

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