Amazing egg facts beautifully illustrated.
...a trillion eggs are produced every year in the world. If we put all the eggs in a row one after the other, there would be enough for 154 trips to the moon...see more!
Organic egg production requires that chickens be fed organic feed without antibiotics and have access to the outdoors. Organic feed must be grown without GMOs or synthetic fertilizers. Eggs are highly nutritious, containing protein, unsaturated fats, and various vitamins and minerals in only 70 calories. They are especially beneficial for weight management, muscle strength, brain and eye health.
There are three main types of farming: arable farming which grows crops, pastoral or livestock farming which rears animals, and mixed farming which combines arable and livestock, though one may dominate. Arable farming grows crops like barley, wheat, or potatoes. Pastoral farming rears animals such as sheep and cattle. Mixed farming incorporates both crop growing and animal rearing.
A farmer's year involves gathering their flock of sheep in March for vaccinations before lambing begins in April, then allowing the sheep to return to open pasture in May. Routine dipping and shearing of the flock occurs in June and July, with the wool fleece sold in August and surplus sheep and lambs sold in October to prepare for winter feeding from December through February.
Hill sheep farming in the Lake District of the UK produces lamb, wool, and mutton. It is an extensive and commercial pastoral system located on hilly upland areas with thin, rocky soils. Without EU subsidies, many hill sheep farmers would operate at a loss due to lower demand and difficulties accessing large markets. Farmers employ diversification strategies like bed and breakfast rentals and camping to supplement their income.
The document summarizes information about cheetahs and ostriches. It describes their diets, habitats, natural predators, and physical appearances. Cheetahs eat antelope and other prey, live in open grasslands and savannahs, and are preyed on by tigers and humans. Ostriches eat plants, fruits, insects and small animals, live in deserts and savannahs, and are preyed on by humans but not other natural predators. Both animals are described in terms of their weight ranges and distinctive color patterns.
Hill sheep farming takes place in three areas - the Fell, Intake, and Inbye - and is used to produce wool, lamb, and mutton. The Fell is found at the top of hills over 300m in altitude where sheep graze in summer. The Intake is found in the middle of hills, divided into fields by dry stone walls, with some pasture improved through drainage and fertilizers. The Inbye is a small, fertile area near farm buildings used for lambing and shearing, and growing winter fodder. Hill sheep farming faces problems like foot and mouth restricting movement, low profits, and rising costs, but subsidies and grants are helping to improve farms and breeding stock.
PCAARRD partnered with NSPRDC-BAI to develop Itik Pinas, a genetically superior breeder duck that can produce 50 more eggs than traditional Pateros ducks. Itik Pinas was launched in 2016 and can adapt to local conditions with simple housing and low-cost feeds. Itik Pinas is the product of organized breeding and selection for uniform physical characteristics, higher and predictable egg production, and consistent egg quality. The program aims to increase duck production and egg weight to address challenges in the duck industry.
Organic egg production requires that chickens be fed organic feed without antibiotics and have access to the outdoors. Organic feed must be grown without GMOs or synthetic fertilizers. Eggs are highly nutritious, containing protein, unsaturated fats, and various vitamins and minerals in only 70 calories. They are especially beneficial for weight management, muscle strength, brain and eye health.
There are three main types of farming: arable farming which grows crops, pastoral or livestock farming which rears animals, and mixed farming which combines arable and livestock, though one may dominate. Arable farming grows crops like barley, wheat, or potatoes. Pastoral farming rears animals such as sheep and cattle. Mixed farming incorporates both crop growing and animal rearing.
A farmer's year involves gathering their flock of sheep in March for vaccinations before lambing begins in April, then allowing the sheep to return to open pasture in May. Routine dipping and shearing of the flock occurs in June and July, with the wool fleece sold in August and surplus sheep and lambs sold in October to prepare for winter feeding from December through February.
Hill sheep farming in the Lake District of the UK produces lamb, wool, and mutton. It is an extensive and commercial pastoral system located on hilly upland areas with thin, rocky soils. Without EU subsidies, many hill sheep farmers would operate at a loss due to lower demand and difficulties accessing large markets. Farmers employ diversification strategies like bed and breakfast rentals and camping to supplement their income.
The document summarizes information about cheetahs and ostriches. It describes their diets, habitats, natural predators, and physical appearances. Cheetahs eat antelope and other prey, live in open grasslands and savannahs, and are preyed on by tigers and humans. Ostriches eat plants, fruits, insects and small animals, live in deserts and savannahs, and are preyed on by humans but not other natural predators. Both animals are described in terms of their weight ranges and distinctive color patterns.
Hill sheep farming takes place in three areas - the Fell, Intake, and Inbye - and is used to produce wool, lamb, and mutton. The Fell is found at the top of hills over 300m in altitude where sheep graze in summer. The Intake is found in the middle of hills, divided into fields by dry stone walls, with some pasture improved through drainage and fertilizers. The Inbye is a small, fertile area near farm buildings used for lambing and shearing, and growing winter fodder. Hill sheep farming faces problems like foot and mouth restricting movement, low profits, and rising costs, but subsidies and grants are helping to improve farms and breeding stock.
PCAARRD partnered with NSPRDC-BAI to develop Itik Pinas, a genetically superior breeder duck that can produce 50 more eggs than traditional Pateros ducks. Itik Pinas was launched in 2016 and can adapt to local conditions with simple housing and low-cost feeds. Itik Pinas is the product of organized breeding and selection for uniform physical characteristics, higher and predictable egg production, and consistent egg quality. The program aims to increase duck production and egg weight to address challenges in the duck industry.
The Egg Analogy: The Problem With Designer and Developer Workflow in Software...Chris Bernard
This is a version of the egg slides that many of us use at Microsoft to talk about designer and developer workflow. They were created by Expression Product Manager Jon Harris.
Ostriches and emus are large flightless birds farmed for their meat and leather. Pakistan has suitable climate and open rangeland for ostrich and emu farming. The author discusses the opportunities and challenges of establishing ostrich and emu farms in Pakistan as a new agricultural industry.
All info about ostrich eg: management, diseases, benefits of ostrich farming etc
Presented By:
Dr. Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
DVM, M.Phil CMS
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Contact: fakharealam786@hotmail.com
Smart farming for the Future Lynne Strong CCRSPI conference feb 18th 2011 Art4Agriculture
Smart farming for the Future Lynne Strong CCRSPI conference feb 18th 2011
A Farmer Case Study on Socio Economic Issues facing Australian farmers in peri-urban areas
This document discusses the conservation of indigenous poultry genetic resources in India. It notes that populations of indigenous chicken breeds have declined rapidly due to factors like the availability of commercial breeds. A total of 18 chicken breeds in India are now under threat. Conservation aims to preserve genetic variation for current and future economic and scientific uses. Methods of conservation include cryopreservation of genetic material and maintaining live populations. Both ex-situ conservation in gene banks and in-situ conservation of live populations are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Systematic steps are recommended to arrest the decline of poultry biodiversity in India.
Most people who are involved in commercial egg production,have seen management guides for different strains of layers before and may think “if you have seen one, you’ve seen them all”. Others take the contents more seriously and expect frequent updates to find specific data which apply to the current generation of layers and current management practices.
Newcomers in the business may need more detailed explanations than can be presented in this compact format.
We hope that each reader will find some useful information,to confirm proven management practices or to stimulate improvements.
The organic farming movement began in the 1930s-1940s as a reaction to agriculture's increasing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Sir Albert Howard is considered the "father of organic farming". Organic farming aims to sustain soil, ecosystem and human health by relying on ecological processes rather than chemical inputs. It combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the environment and promote fair relationships. Organic farming principles include sustaining health, working with ecological systems, ensuring fairness, and responsible management.
This document discusses the design of intensive green roofs for urban vegetable farming. It begins with an introduction and literature review on extensive vs intensive green roofs and their benefits. Case studies are presented and interviews conducted to identify design considerations like weight loads, pest control, and stormwater management. Design guidelines are proposed based on the research, including conducting site analysis, applying irrigation and stormwater systems, providing public access and growing space, addressing safety, and connecting roofs to community gardens. The document concludes with implications for further research on roof top farming's influence on natural communities and human psychology.
This document summarizes a study on poultry egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, daily egg production and consumption. The largest farms have 15,000-35,000 layers. Total layers in the district are estimated at 275,000-280,000 with daily production of 190,000-200,000 eggs. However, daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs, so the remaining eggs are imported. The study analyzed the socioeconomics, scale of operations, costs, returns and profitability of egg production. It found that larger farms had higher yields, lower feed costs and better profits. It
Program for the III Swine Health Focus Group - A Global Exchange of Ideas on Gut Health in Swine, hosted at the Marriott JW Hotel in Rio de Janeiro, from 30/05/ to 01/06/2017
Presentation during the IV International Symphosium on Nutritional requirements of Poultry and Swine on March 29th - by Gilberto Litta DSM Animal Nutrition.
Main Message of the presentation is the importance of vitamin in Poultry Nutrition as well as the multiple benefits achievable.
Introduction
The mineral content in animal body is 2-5%.
• Most abundant minerals in
body:
– 36-39% Ca (bone ash)
– 17-19% P (bone ash)
Conclusion
STTD Ca requirements for 11 to 25 kg pigs:
– ADG is between 0.36 and 0.56%, G:F is 0.43%
– Bone ash, bone Ca, and bone P is between 0.48 and 0.56%
– Ca retention and P retention is between 0.48 and 0.52%
Recent research on vitamin requirement of modern swine breeds under current husbandry conditions is limited; tabular recommendations may underestimate the actual needs of growing pigs and breeding sows.
Clinical / subclinical vitamin deficiency can still occur within industrial swine production:
optimum vitamin supplementation prevents from deficiency and
exploits the genetic performance potential of swine.
Superior dietary supplementation levels of certain vitamins do provide additional value, such as improved stress and disease resistance, adequate welfare or better product quality.
Feeding strategy
• Animal Requirements change with criteria: need to take into account various parameters to optimise performance
- need to take into account complexity due to variability of response and interaction,
no single dose response
- Availability of new tools to integrate complexity (model for dietary formulaƟon)
• Feed recommendation in sustainable system should integrate three objectives: production performance, environment and welfare
Product quality
• Limited influence on lipid fraction
• Effects on oxidation remains controversial
- anƟoxidant vs pro-oxidant
- interacƟons between level and duration of trace elements dietary level, issue, slaughtering conditions, product packaging and transformation, cooking.
• Good potential of product enrichment in trace mineral but limitation due to Regulation in
animal and human feeding and due to toxicity level for animals
General conclusions
- Current methods used by the industry to evaluate protein quality are not capable of detecting existing differences among SBM
- The composition and the protein quality of SBM vary with the origin of the bean
- Different matrixes should be used for SBM of different origins, NIR technology might help
- Proteases might improve the uniformity and nutritive value of SBM batches
Conclusions
• Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
• Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
• Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
• Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
Conclusions of the research:
Feeding 25OHD3 in place of the majority of dietary D3 improved broiler chicken vitamin D status and resulted in
a satellite cell-mediated muscle hypertrophy response in breast (PM), but not thigh (BF) muscles (Hutton et al.,
2013)
The differential response in functionally different muscles as well as the cell signaling mechanisms by which skeletal
muscle satellite cells respond to improved vitamin D status resulting from dietary Hy·D supplementation will
require further investigation.
Phytate is a natural dietary content and constitutes 0.4–6.4% (w/w) of most cereals and legumes (Eeckhout and Deaepe, 1994). It is poorly digestible for monogastric animals due to
a lack of effective endogenous phytase (Bitar and Reinhold, 1972). Phytate acts as an antinutritional factor, exerting its effects via a reduction in the solubility, and availability of
phosphorus (P), and to a lesser extent, Ca, Zn, Fe (Nävert et al., 1985; Hallberg et al., 1987; Hurrell et al., 2003). It was also reported that phytate could decrease the utilization of protein,
amino acids and starch. It has been suggested that phytate may bind with starch either directly, via hydrogen bonds, or indirectly, via proteins associated with starch (Thompson,
1988; Rickard and Thompson, 1997). Phytate is also known to inhibit a number of digestive enzymes such as pepsin, alpha-amylase (Deshpande and Cheryan, 1984) and increase mucin
secretion, excretion of endogenous minerals and amino acids in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2008). Another issue is higher cost of dietary inorganic P which has been increased remarkably in last decade because of shortened phospate sources. Poultry industry has still been growing and reached huge mass production and contribution to environmental pollution has been heightened concerns because of the poor utilization of phytate phosphorus by poultry.
Protein/amino acids are among the most expensive nutrients to deliver in poultry nutrition
The digestibility of protein in poultry is typically incomplete by the terminal ileum
Undigested protein that leaves the ileum is from both exogenous (diet) and endogenous (bird) sources
Understanding the digestion of dietary proteins and the recovery of endogenous proteins is important and can provide a basis for the use of exogenous proteases
Research has demonstrated that phytase is the only enzyme that is able to initiate
the release of phosphorus (P) from the phytate molecule, making it available for
absorption and utilization (Selle and Ravindran, 2007). The industrial demand for
phytases with greater potency in intestinal phytate hydrolysis and better heat
stability continues to stimulate the search for new enzyme sources. Enzyme
preparations with phytases derived from A. ficuum, Peniophora lycii and E. coli are
available commercially. More recently, new microbial 6-phytases produced by
synthetic genes, mimicking a gene from C. braakii or isolated from Buttiauxella,
were introduced into the market.
The Egg Analogy: The Problem With Designer and Developer Workflow in Software...Chris Bernard
This is a version of the egg slides that many of us use at Microsoft to talk about designer and developer workflow. They were created by Expression Product Manager Jon Harris.
Ostriches and emus are large flightless birds farmed for their meat and leather. Pakistan has suitable climate and open rangeland for ostrich and emu farming. The author discusses the opportunities and challenges of establishing ostrich and emu farms in Pakistan as a new agricultural industry.
All info about ostrich eg: management, diseases, benefits of ostrich farming etc
Presented By:
Dr. Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
DVM, M.Phil CMS
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Contact: fakharealam786@hotmail.com
Smart farming for the Future Lynne Strong CCRSPI conference feb 18th 2011 Art4Agriculture
Smart farming for the Future Lynne Strong CCRSPI conference feb 18th 2011
A Farmer Case Study on Socio Economic Issues facing Australian farmers in peri-urban areas
This document discusses the conservation of indigenous poultry genetic resources in India. It notes that populations of indigenous chicken breeds have declined rapidly due to factors like the availability of commercial breeds. A total of 18 chicken breeds in India are now under threat. Conservation aims to preserve genetic variation for current and future economic and scientific uses. Methods of conservation include cryopreservation of genetic material and maintaining live populations. Both ex-situ conservation in gene banks and in-situ conservation of live populations are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Systematic steps are recommended to arrest the decline of poultry biodiversity in India.
Most people who are involved in commercial egg production,have seen management guides for different strains of layers before and may think “if you have seen one, you’ve seen them all”. Others take the contents more seriously and expect frequent updates to find specific data which apply to the current generation of layers and current management practices.
Newcomers in the business may need more detailed explanations than can be presented in this compact format.
We hope that each reader will find some useful information,to confirm proven management practices or to stimulate improvements.
The organic farming movement began in the 1930s-1940s as a reaction to agriculture's increasing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Sir Albert Howard is considered the "father of organic farming". Organic farming aims to sustain soil, ecosystem and human health by relying on ecological processes rather than chemical inputs. It combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the environment and promote fair relationships. Organic farming principles include sustaining health, working with ecological systems, ensuring fairness, and responsible management.
This document discusses the design of intensive green roofs for urban vegetable farming. It begins with an introduction and literature review on extensive vs intensive green roofs and their benefits. Case studies are presented and interviews conducted to identify design considerations like weight loads, pest control, and stormwater management. Design guidelines are proposed based on the research, including conducting site analysis, applying irrigation and stormwater systems, providing public access and growing space, addressing safety, and connecting roofs to community gardens. The document concludes with implications for further research on roof top farming's influence on natural communities and human psychology.
This document summarizes a study on poultry egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, daily egg production and consumption. The largest farms have 15,000-35,000 layers. Total layers in the district are estimated at 275,000-280,000 with daily production of 190,000-200,000 eggs. However, daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs, so the remaining eggs are imported. The study analyzed the socioeconomics, scale of operations, costs, returns and profitability of egg production. It found that larger farms had higher yields, lower feed costs and better profits. It
Program for the III Swine Health Focus Group - A Global Exchange of Ideas on Gut Health in Swine, hosted at the Marriott JW Hotel in Rio de Janeiro, from 30/05/ to 01/06/2017
Presentation during the IV International Symphosium on Nutritional requirements of Poultry and Swine on March 29th - by Gilberto Litta DSM Animal Nutrition.
Main Message of the presentation is the importance of vitamin in Poultry Nutrition as well as the multiple benefits achievable.
Introduction
The mineral content in animal body is 2-5%.
• Most abundant minerals in
body:
– 36-39% Ca (bone ash)
– 17-19% P (bone ash)
Conclusion
STTD Ca requirements for 11 to 25 kg pigs:
– ADG is between 0.36 and 0.56%, G:F is 0.43%
– Bone ash, bone Ca, and bone P is between 0.48 and 0.56%
– Ca retention and P retention is between 0.48 and 0.52%
Recent research on vitamin requirement of modern swine breeds under current husbandry conditions is limited; tabular recommendations may underestimate the actual needs of growing pigs and breeding sows.
Clinical / subclinical vitamin deficiency can still occur within industrial swine production:
optimum vitamin supplementation prevents from deficiency and
exploits the genetic performance potential of swine.
Superior dietary supplementation levels of certain vitamins do provide additional value, such as improved stress and disease resistance, adequate welfare or better product quality.
Feeding strategy
• Animal Requirements change with criteria: need to take into account various parameters to optimise performance
- need to take into account complexity due to variability of response and interaction,
no single dose response
- Availability of new tools to integrate complexity (model for dietary formulaƟon)
• Feed recommendation in sustainable system should integrate three objectives: production performance, environment and welfare
Product quality
• Limited influence on lipid fraction
• Effects on oxidation remains controversial
- anƟoxidant vs pro-oxidant
- interacƟons between level and duration of trace elements dietary level, issue, slaughtering conditions, product packaging and transformation, cooking.
• Good potential of product enrichment in trace mineral but limitation due to Regulation in
animal and human feeding and due to toxicity level for animals
General conclusions
- Current methods used by the industry to evaluate protein quality are not capable of detecting existing differences among SBM
- The composition and the protein quality of SBM vary with the origin of the bean
- Different matrixes should be used for SBM of different origins, NIR technology might help
- Proteases might improve the uniformity and nutritive value of SBM batches
Conclusions
• Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
• Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
• Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
• Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
Conclusions of the research:
Feeding 25OHD3 in place of the majority of dietary D3 improved broiler chicken vitamin D status and resulted in
a satellite cell-mediated muscle hypertrophy response in breast (PM), but not thigh (BF) muscles (Hutton et al.,
2013)
The differential response in functionally different muscles as well as the cell signaling mechanisms by which skeletal
muscle satellite cells respond to improved vitamin D status resulting from dietary Hy·D supplementation will
require further investigation.
Phytate is a natural dietary content and constitutes 0.4–6.4% (w/w) of most cereals and legumes (Eeckhout and Deaepe, 1994). It is poorly digestible for monogastric animals due to
a lack of effective endogenous phytase (Bitar and Reinhold, 1972). Phytate acts as an antinutritional factor, exerting its effects via a reduction in the solubility, and availability of
phosphorus (P), and to a lesser extent, Ca, Zn, Fe (Nävert et al., 1985; Hallberg et al., 1987; Hurrell et al., 2003). It was also reported that phytate could decrease the utilization of protein,
amino acids and starch. It has been suggested that phytate may bind with starch either directly, via hydrogen bonds, or indirectly, via proteins associated with starch (Thompson,
1988; Rickard and Thompson, 1997). Phytate is also known to inhibit a number of digestive enzymes such as pepsin, alpha-amylase (Deshpande and Cheryan, 1984) and increase mucin
secretion, excretion of endogenous minerals and amino acids in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2008). Another issue is higher cost of dietary inorganic P which has been increased remarkably in last decade because of shortened phospate sources. Poultry industry has still been growing and reached huge mass production and contribution to environmental pollution has been heightened concerns because of the poor utilization of phytate phosphorus by poultry.
Protein/amino acids are among the most expensive nutrients to deliver in poultry nutrition
The digestibility of protein in poultry is typically incomplete by the terminal ileum
Undigested protein that leaves the ileum is from both exogenous (diet) and endogenous (bird) sources
Understanding the digestion of dietary proteins and the recovery of endogenous proteins is important and can provide a basis for the use of exogenous proteases
Research has demonstrated that phytase is the only enzyme that is able to initiate
the release of phosphorus (P) from the phytate molecule, making it available for
absorption and utilization (Selle and Ravindran, 2007). The industrial demand for
phytases with greater potency in intestinal phytate hydrolysis and better heat
stability continues to stimulate the search for new enzyme sources. Enzyme
preparations with phytases derived from A. ficuum, Peniophora lycii and E. coli are
available commercially. More recently, new microbial 6-phytases produced by
synthetic genes, mimicking a gene from C. braakii or isolated from Buttiauxella,
were introduced into the market.
Phytase efficiency to increase phosphorus utilization in
poultry has been proven for decades. In addition,
phytase was demonstrated to improve growth
performance, meat breast weight, amino acids
digestibility and plasma myo-inositol concentration.
The objective of this work was to investigate potential
interactions between phytase supplementation, growth
performance and host gene expression to identify
potential associated biomarkers.
Knowledge of amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients is necessary to feed broilers with
properly balanced compound diets. For this reason, more attention has recently been given to the
determination of AA digestibility of ingredients, recognizing that it may vary greatly depending
upon the feed ingredient. The effects of the inclusion of a mono-component serine protease
(Ronozyme® ProAct) on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of diets containing wheat
by-products (wheat DDGS (WDDGS) and wheat middlings (WM)) were evaluated in broilers.
- Improvement of SIAAD in the presence of protease is not the same for all AA and varies from one ingredient to another one. The effects of added protease are dependent on feed composition and on intrinsic digestibility of AA (COWIESON and ROOS (2014)).
- Factors such as type and quality of the ingredients, industrial processing and the presence of anti-nutritional substances such as tannins, phytates, trypsin inhibitors in plant species modulate the digestibility in poultry feed and thus the effectiveness of exogenous protease.
-The physiological state of animals (growth or maintenance), feed consumption or the nutritional feed quality could also influence the digestibility values.
Hatchability is certainly a key performance and profitability
parameter for chick producers. Storing hatching eggs is a
current necessary practice and this can damage hatchability
results. Canthaxanthin, as an antioxidant, is particularly
effective for supporting hatchability. The vitelline membrane
strength (VMS) is very important to the early embryo survival.
The vitelline membrane protects the embryo (pH 6) from the
high pH of the albumen (pH 9.4) and therefore has to be
strong enough. The embryo progressively gets surrounded
by the yolk sac and is totally protected in the yolk sac between
day 3 and 4 of incubation.
Hatchability is certainly a key performance and profitability parameter for chick producers. Storing hatching eggs is a current practice and this can damage hatchability results. Canthaxanthin, as an antioxidant, is particularly effective for supporting hatchability. The vitelline membrane strength (VMS) is very important to the early embryo survival that can-thaxanthin can promote it. The experiment involved a flock of 3,800 breeders (males and females) separated into two adjacent blocks. Feeding experiment started at 18 weeks of age with a control diet as 3000 IU/kg Vitamin D3 and no Carophyll® supplementation and experimental diet as 1,600 IU/kg vitamin D3, 37.5 μg/kg 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (HyD®) & 6 mg/kg canthaxanthin (Carophyll® Red 10%). Vitamin D3 or 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 were not expected to have any influence on the VMS. Eggs were collected at 40/45 weeks and stored 7 days. The VMS was evaluated using a com-pression machine. Stiffness and breaking strength were significantly increased with the supplementation of canthaxan-thin. Thanks to the unique capabilities of high deposition rate in the yolk and singlet oxygen quenching capabilities, canthaxanthin from Carophyll® can improve the VMS in complement to Vitamin E and we hypothesized that it contrib-utes to explain its influence on early embryo viability and hatchability in breeder performance.
We investigated the effects of protease (Ronozyme ProAct, PRO) supplementation on the AID of 3 cereals in the presence or not of a multi-enzyme complex with β-glucanase and β-xylanase activity (GLU+XYL). The AID of most of AA was higher for corn and wheat than for barley. The inclusion of GLU+XYL increased the AID of DM, CP and of all the AA, except Met and Lys. The inclusion of PRO increased the AID of Gly and tended to increase that of most of the other AA. The combination of both enzymes did not improve further AA digestibility any.
Variation in trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein solubility within commercial soybean meals (SBM) is believed to affect animal performance. The objective of this research was to investigate the proteolytic effect of purified pancreatic trypsin/chymotrypsin and a purified protease from Nocardiopsis prasina on 9 commercial SBM samples varying in chemical composition, TIA and protein solubility characteristics. SBM was incubated with or without protease (pH 7, 3 hours, 40°C) and the supernatants were analyzed by SDS-page and for level of free soluble amino ends using the o-phthal-dialdehyde method. SDS-page analysis showed differences in the amount and composition of the soluble protein fraction of the SBM. The proteolytic efficiency of the lower dosages of pancreatic protease varied extensively between SBM batches whereas at the highest dose the efficiency was comparable for all SBM. The difference could not be explained by differences in protein solubility and TIA values as isolated variables, but the data strongly suggest that the hydrolysis of soya protein by pancreatic proteases depends on the commercial batch of SBM used. Incubation with N. prasina protease showed similar response for the different SBM, the main difference being a somewhat lower effect at high protease dose for one of the SBM batches, which might be in part explained by its distinct lower protein solubility
Viscosity reduction by three feed enzymes was measured in a high throughput pressure sensing system using commercial dosages on purified polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and ß-glucan). Fluorescence and antibody microscopy techniques were also used to visualize effects on the solubilisation of endosperm cell walls of wheat and barley.
Viscosity data clearly demonstrated depolymerisation of mixed-linked ß-glucans by the two multicomponent enzymes. The two multicomponent enzymes also reduced the viscosity of the arabinoxylan solution, while the monocomponent xylanase most effectively depolymerised the arabinoxylan. Microscopy data revealed that the multicomponent enzyme chosen for the studies could solubilize barley cell walls by targeting both the ß-glucan strutures as well as the arabinoxylans. The xylanase could effectively solubilise barley cell walls by merely attacking the arabinoxylans.
Exogenous carbohydrases such as xylanases, amylases, and glucanases have been reported to improve energy utilization and performance of broiler chickens (Olukosi et al., 2008; Vieira et al., 2015). These enzymes may improve the access of endogenous enzymes to cell contents due to hydrolysis of cell wall arabinoxylans (Kocher et al., 2003) as well as to augment endogenous amylase in young birds (Gracia et al., 2003). Decreases in endogenous amino acid losses may also contribute to the beneficial effects of amylases (Jiang et al., 2008).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
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The Market by EGGcellence!
1. The market by Eggcellence!
Top ten
leading countries in egg
production in 2009 (FAO)
Production volume
(1000 t)
37.6%
share
23634
8.5%
share
A trillion eggs are produced
every year in the world
If we put all the eggs in a row one after
the other, there’d be
enough for 154 trips to
the moon
4%
share
3.8%
share
3.5%
share
...plenty of room for improvement
3200
2505
2360
Hens eat 128M tons
of feed annually
(33% of the total
poultry feed)
1.7%
share
1.5%
share
1.5%
share
10
70.1%
countries share
100%
share
The champions
of feed prices for layers are
Switzerland and Japan
1059
For every 100 eggs
produced...
9
5
We fed 2.8 billion
hens annually
top consumers
of eggs
Ratio of brown to
white hens by
country
Enough to cover the entire
country of Austria
three times over!
are from
USA
In Mexico, the
ratio of people
to hens is 1:1
China
USA
India
Japan
Mexico
Russia
Brazil
France
Austria
South Africa
70 : 30
8 : 92
8 : 92
40 : 60
5 : 95
50 : 50
25 : 75
85 : 15
90 : 10
30 : 70
From 2000 to 2009, Eggs were the
second fastest growing animal
protein on the globe
35%
23%
38
are from
China
In the same period, Central and
South America was the fastest
growing continent
35% 37% on egg production
28%
18%
12%
(at 110, 000 hens/Sq km)
(more than
295 per capita)
913
HEALTH • NUTRITION • MATERIALS
The largest omelette
in the world used
145,000 eggs and
was made in
Portugal
are from
India
918
44055
62840
brain function, bile
production and sex.
More than double
the entire corn
production
of Brazil
2195
1922
Eggs contain 185 mg of cholesterol (USDA) and cholesterol is an
important nutrient. We need cholesterol for Vitamin D metabolism,
(around 700 USD/ton)
Mexico, Ukraine, Japan and China
are the
3.1%
share
Two eggs a day keeps the Doctor away.
Cholesterol is the precursor of pregnenolone and Pregnenolone
can either be converted to progesterone or testosterone.
You should limit your egg intake only if you follow a sedentary life
style combined with a high caloric intake.
5349
5.1%
share
World
In China, the price of premium
egg could be eight times
higher than the regular egg...
For the price of one dozen eggs in Switzerland
you can buy four dozen in Argentina, Brazil
or the Netherlands
(farm gate prize)
In Austria, Germany, France and Switzerland, more
than 95% of the layers are not kept in conventional
cages; while in China, USA, Mexico, India, Japan,
Canada, Russia, Brazil and Argentina, more than 95%
of the hens are kept in conventional cages.
Argentina and India offer
the cheapest feed for layers
16% 14% 9%