1. ADAPTATION How the
industry cn respond
MITIGATION Wht tourism
cn do to reduce its emissions
Climate Ch
nge - Everyone's Business Implic
tions for Tourism
Mountin nd Snow Tourism
Snow sports re t obvious risk from rising
tempertures, with lower-elevtion resorts fcing
progressively less relible snowflls nd shorter
sesons. But other types of mountin tourism re
lso vulnerble, s infrstructure is put t risk from
melting glciers and thwing permfrost.
MITIGATION
Behvioural chnges, such
s holidying loclly in fvour
of long-hul destintions, would
reduce the impcts of tourism.
Forest nd Lke Tourism
Outdoor ctivities will be ected by lrge-scle
forest diebck nd more widespred wildfires,
triggered by sustined drought and higher
tempertures. Longer fire sesons will reduce
ccess to ntionl prks. Rising tempertures will
chnge lke hbitts, ecting fishing tourism.
Biodiversity nd Agriculturl Tourism
As tempertures rise, the geogrphicl dispersl
of flor nd fun will chnge, s species shift
to conditions to which they re better dpted.
Given tht mny nture reserves re geogrphiclly
isolted, this my prove di€cult or impossible for
mny iconic species.
Cities nd Urbn Centre Tourism
City visits ccount for lrge percentge of
the globl tourism industry. Across the world,
city infrstructure is exposed to rnge of
climte impcts, including extreme het events,
wter shortges and flooding. Costl cities,
menwhile, re t risk from se-level rise.
Bech nd Costl Tourism
Rising se levels and more extreme wether
events threten beches nd costl infrstructure
enjoyed by hundreds of millions of tourists
ech yer. While dpttion cn protect t-risk
infrstructure, beches re di€cult to protect
without reducing their ttrctiveness.
ADAPTATION
The decline in se ice
is expected to dd to n
lredy rpid increse
in Arctic cruises.
Ocen nd Se Life Tourism
The combintion of rising wter tempertures
nd incresing ocen cidifiction, cused by
the bsorption of crbon dioxide, spell prticulr
peril for reef ecosystems nd the dive tourism they
support. Wrming se tempertures will lso chnge
the distributions of fish nd mrine mmmls.
MITIGATION
New aircraft typically
oer 20–30%
improvement in
e€ciency. Shifting from
kerosene to biofuels
oers 30% + cuts in
direct greenhouse gas
emissions.
RISKS
2°C of globl wrming by
2050-2100 and ocen
cidifiction would would see
reef structures degrde with
serious consequences for
tourism. Mass coral bleaching
and mortality becomes an
annual risk under all climate
scenarios, with mass mortality
events beginning to occur
every 1–2 years by 2100.
ADAPTATION
Winter sport
resorts cn dpt
by mrketing
themselves s yer
round-destintions,
with longer 'green
sesons' helping
to oset shorter
skiing sesons.
ADAPTATION
Snow-mking
mchines cn help
opertors respond to
less relible snowfll,
lthough they will
fce technologicl
nd economic limits
s tempertures rise.
IMPACTS
Se levels re
estimted to rise
0.45–0.82m higher
thn present by the
end of the century if
emissions continue to
rise at the current rate.
RISKS
Degrded beches
reduce the desirbility
of destintions, nd
bech erosion cn
reduce the prices tht
opertors cn chrge
for ccommodtion.
RISKS
Rising temper-atures
will mean that
fewer resorts will
be able to rely upon
su€cient snowfall.
RISKS
In Southern Europe,
North Americ nd
Austrli, fire sesons
will lengthen, nd there
will be n increse in
the number of high fire
dnger dys.
RISKS
In sub-Shrn Afric,
up to 40% of species in
ntionl prks are likely
to become endngered
by 2080, ssuming they
re unble to migrte.
RISKS
Rising tempertures are
seeing species shift towrds
the poles nd to higher
elevtions where possible.
Extinctions are increasingly
likely as climate change
progresses.
RISKS
The suitbility of most
existing wine regions
for vine-growing is expect-ed
to decline, ecting
wine tourism.
IMPACTS
Hlf to two-thirds of Asi’s
cities with 1 million or more
inhbitnts re exposed to
one or more climte-relted
hzrds, with floods nd
cyclones the most importnt.
RISKS
An estimted 150
million people
currently live in cities
with perennil wter
shortge, figure
which could rise to
1 billion by 2050.
Forest nd
Lke Tourism
Mountin nd
Snow Tourism
Bech nd
Costl Tourism
Ocen nd
Se Life Tourism
Biodiversity nd
Agriculturl Tourism
Cities nd Urbn
Centre Tourism
IMPACTS Chnges lredy
ecting the tourism sector
RISKS Likely impcts
on tourism in the future
IMPACTS
Severe droughts
nd pest infesttion
hve led to widescle
forest die-bck
in North Americ.
Key Findings from the Intergovernmentl Pnel on Climte Chnge (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) For more informtion plese visit cisl.cm.c.uk/ipcc
MITIGATION
The built environ-ment
ccounts for
20% of the sector’s
climte impct;
retrofitting or ener-gy-
e€cient new builds
would cut emissions.
IMPACTS
Distributions of fish nd other
mrine fun re chnging s
the ocens wrm, impcting
recretionl fishing nd mrine
nimal wtching.
Tourism on the Move in a Changing Climate
Rising temperatures, higher sea levels and degraded
habitats will have serious impacts on almost every
sub-sector of the tourism industry. But options
exist to help the industry adapt to climate change.